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하시모토 갑상선염을 동반한 유두상 갑상선암의 임상병리학적 특징
강상현,하태권,박하경,이홍태,신재호,안민성,김광희,배기범,김태현,최창수,김진수<SUP>1<.SUP>,김기훈<SUP>1<.SUP>,김운원<SUP>1<.SUP>,김상효,Sang Hyun Kang,Tae Kwun Ha,Ha Kyoung Park,Hong Tae Lee,Jae Ho Shin,Min Sung Ahn,Kwang Hee Kim,Ki Beom Bae,Ta 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2013 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.13 No.1
Purpose: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an important cause of hypothyroidism caused by autoimmune chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. In order to attain a better understanding for use in treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexisting with HT, we conducted an analysis of the clinicopathologic features, as well as the importance of HT as a prognostic factor. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 341 patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with PTC following surgery. Results: PTC coexisting with HT was observed in 19.6% (67 patients) of all PTC patients. A statistically significant gender difference was observed in the group with HT (two male vs. 65 female), with a higher positive rate of anti-thyroglobulin antibody and smaller tumor size, compared to the PTC group without HT. When tumor size increased, a lower coexistence rate of HT was observed. No significant differences were observed in multifocality, cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis, coexistence of benign nodule, and extent of LN dissection. However, frequency of extrathyroidal extension was significantly lower and total thyroidectomy rate was higher in the group with HT. TNM stage and AMES stage were similar in both groups; frequency of high MACIS score showed a significant decrease in the group with HT. The recurrence rate and disease-free survival in patients with PTC were not significantly affected by coexistence of HT. Conclusion: We found a significant relationship with gender, extrathyroidal extension, and tumor size in PTC coexisting with HT. However, no significant differences in recurrence rate and disease-free survival were observed between groups. Therefore, coexistence in PTC could not be applicable as a prognostic factor of PTC.
강상현(Kang Sang-Hyun) 한국언론학회 2002 한국언론학보 Vol.46 No.3
There have been many optimistic expectations that political processes would be democratized by utilizing new information and communication media technologies, especially in Western political discourses. Really, there have been also many experiments and practices for democratizing political processes by using those technologies, i,e., interactive cable television and telephone network, since 1970s. More recently, computer networks and cyberspace have been utilized as a new and diverse arena for citizen's political participation and for enlarging their civil rights. In these situations, we have been often told that the age of 'electronic democracy' will come soon. And we have heard many discourses concerning the word, electronic democracy, from many scholars, politicians and bureaucrats. In academic realm, many social scientists. including political scientists, also presented their ideas and designs for realizing electronic democracy in their own specific political situation and social context. However, if we take look into the discussions on the 'electronic democracy' rhetorics and practices in detail, we can find out some similarities and discrepancies among them. The purpose of this study is to classify the existing theoretical discussions on 'electronic democracy' discourse and compare them in some criteria. that is, their respective understanding of democratic legitimacy, preferred political institution, ideological orientation. relative importance of individual or group as a leading subject, patterns of citizen's political participation and communication. main relying media for realizing electronic democracy, and so on. In result, I classified the existing discussions on electronic democracy discourses and practices into such five categories as teledemocracy, cyberdemocracy (cyber-individualist and cyber-communitarian approaches), deliberative democracy, and electronic democratization. Based on this classification, I described the characteristics and limitations of each perspective and derived the similarity and differences among them from the comparing efforts. From this analysis, I find there are diverse conceptions on the 'electronic democracy' and different approaches to it. although many scholars and practitioners are externally seemed to mention and assert, in same or similar words, potentiality and possibility of 'electronic democracy' through utilizing new information and communication technologies. So, I suggest it be also needed to differentiate and clarify the locus of concepts of many 'electronic democracy' rhetorics and practices in our nation.