高麗 詩歌의 硏究

宋永俊 圓光大學校大學院 1985 學位論叢 Vol.15 No.-

The aim of this dissertation is to inquire into the Korean poetic songs made or sung in Koryo period, and to reveal the names, the classification, the form and the transition process of genre for the Korean poetic songs via philological, empirical, and other methods. It seems that the re were lots of poetic songs in Koryo Period. However, the works which were handed down up to now are onl y 13 pieces of Hyang-ga, 16 pieces of Koryo-kayo and a few pieces of Sijo. Because there were no Korean letter to write freely at that time, and besides. the intellectuals of that period regarded poetic songs made in Korean language as something vulgar. I include even those works not remaining today into the subject matter of the study. The consequences of the study can be summarized as follows. 1) It is erroneous to say that Hyang-ga had already disappeared in Koryo period, as many scholars contend. For there had been writers and works of Hyang-ga until later Koryo period. (2- 2) Therefore I think that Hyang- ga had been sung until later Koryo period. 2) No agreement has yet been made on the origin of Si-jo among scholars, but I think that Hyang- ga was changed into Si-jo. I have the opinion that after the transition, Si-jo exist ed together with Hyang- ga by the end of Koryo period. For it is proved that original form of Si-jo is to be found out of "Silla Choyongga" part in "Koryo Choyongga."(2--3--3, 2-3-4) 3) Korean poetic songs in Koryo period have bee. named variously such as "Sokga," "Sok-yo," "Kyong-gi-chega," "Kyong-gi-hayoga" etc. But these names don't represent the characteristics of Korean poetic songs in Koryo in full measure. (3-1) 4) Korean poetic songs are characterized by "refrain." If a song has a refrain, it continues in several stanzas, and if not, it ends in one stanza. I call the former "Yon- ga" ( continuing song), the latter, Hyang- ga.(3-1-6) 5) Many scholars have called Korean poetic songs as "Sok-ga" or "Kyong-gi-chega," but I regard them as "Yon- ga." Because they are connected in several stanzas followed by "refrain."(3-1-6) 6) Instead, such poetic songs as "Samo-kok", "Lees ang- kok" and "Man jonchun-Byolsa" are all Hyang- ga. Because they end in one stanza without refrain. (2-2-1) 7) Refrains can form a verse. And one-retrain-verse developed into two, three-and four- refrain verse. In practice. however, examples of three- or four-verse refrains are very rare.(3-3) 8) I put emphasis on "refrain." Based on the principle of unity, refrain is the standard by which all Korean poetic songs in Koryo period are classified. So Hyang- ga, Yon- ga and even so-called Sok- ga and Kyong- gi- chega can all be c1assified based on whether they have refrain or not and if they have refrain, they have one-refrain-verse or two-refrain-verse.(3-2) 9) Many scholars regard Korean poetic songs in Koryo period as either ballad or song of royal palace. But I think both forms of song were existed in that period. Part of ballads were sung in royal palace and the rest of them were sung by ordinary people, I think. By the way, In the course of ballad's introduction into royal palace, the words most probably have been changed ani must have been influenced by foreign music or songs. (And in this period, ballads are believed to have been considerably refined because of refrain.) (3-3-2) 10) In sum, Korean poetic songs made or sung in Koryo period can be classifie into the following two major categories. (1) Hyang-ga, ending in one stanza not followed by refrain. (2) Yon-ga, continuing in several stanzas followed by refrain. And Yon- ga in turn can be classified into two types of songs : (1) One-refrain-verse songs (so-called "Sok-ga") (2) Two-refrain-verse songs (so-called "Kyong- gi- chega) In this sense, in concluding remarks, the history of Korean poetic songs in Koryo period should be written in renewal. (4)

분지각이 작고 일시 개화성이 우수한 숙근 안개초 ‘드림송’ 육성

정동춘(Dong-Chun Cheong),최창학(Chang-Hak Choi),송영주(Young-Ju Song),김정만(Jeong-Man Kim),이진재(Jin-Je Lee) 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.4

‘Bristol Fairy’ 유래의 결실되는 아조변이체인 ‘Gyp99’의 실생계통으로 밝은 백색 겹꽃에 소화가 큰 ‘Gyp06-11’로부터 2008년 특성이 우수한 ‘Gyp08-2’ 계통을 선발하여 2009-2010년 2년 동안 특성평가 및 특성검정을 통해 ‘Dream Song’을 육성하였다. ‘Dream Song’의 초형은 직립형이고, 잎 모양은 피침형, 소화는 꽃잎수가 많고 암술이 2개인 백색겹꽃으로 꽃잎은 도란형, 꽃잎 끝 모양은 약간 둥근형, 꽃받침 모양은 컵형인 ‘Dream Song’ 고유의 특성을 가진다. 또한 소화의 일시개화성이 우수하고 절화수명이 매우 길며, 분지각이 작고 흰가루병에 강하고 총체벌레와 잎굴파리 등 충해에도 강해 재배적 가치가 높은 특성을 가진다. 준고냉지 여름절화 작형에서 ‘Dream Song’ 개화는 ‘Bristol Fairy’보다 17일 늦고 절간장과 화경장이 길었으며, 측지 분화가 많고 줄기가 굵었다. 또한 소화가 크고 야간 기온 22℃, 7일 이상의 고온조건에서도 기형화 발생이 없었다. ‘Dream Song’ is a cultivar of Gypsophila paniculata developed by the Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services in 2010 for cut-flower production. This hybrid was bred from 121 seedlings collected from an open-pollinated population of ‘Gyp06-11’. It has novel morphological characteristics of upright plant type, lanceolate leaves, double florets with a few bright white-colored petals of obovate shape, truncate petal tips, and cup-shaped calyces. Furthermore ‘Dream Song’ has desirable cultivation characteristics including narrow branching angle, and moderate resistance to powdery mildew, thrips and leaf miners. Moreover it produces more primary branches, and longer internodes and flower stalks than reference cultivar ‘Bristol Fairy’ during summer cultivation in a subalpine area (500 m over the sea level). Flowering in ‘Dream Song’ is delayed by about 17 days as compared to ‘Bristol Fairy’. ‘Dream Song’ produces normal flowers with 2 pistils and an average of 10.4 stamens, with fewer malformed flowers than ‘Bristol Fairy’.

고령자 급성 췌장염의 임상적 고찰

백용한,서정훈,송건훈,이진헌,송시영,정재복,강진경,박인서,이수진 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

고령자 급성 췌장염의 임상적 고찰

이진헌,강진경,박인서,송건훈,정재복,백용한,송시영,서정훈 대한소화기학회 1998 대한소화기학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Background/Aims: Inflammatory diseasas of the pancreas are not uncommon. The advanced age is one of the significant factors in assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis. It has been shown that the biliary tract disease is a more frequent cause of acute pancreatitis in the elderly than in the young. With the increased life span, the elderly are comprising a large proportion of the population. As a result, physicians are more often being faced with acute pancreatitis in the elderly. The purpose af this study was to evaluate clinical features of acute panereatitis in the elderly. Methods: A total of 188 patients with acute pancreatitis were reviewed. We investigated the differences of clinical characteristics between the elderly patients aged over 60 and the young patients aged under 60. Results: The sex distribution showed male preponderance in the young patients (M:F=2.4:1), but was nearly equal in the elderly patients (M:F=1.1:1). The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the elderly was biliary tract disease (52.5%), while alcohol abuse was the most common cause in the young patients (38.8%), Local complications of acute pancreatitis, such as psuedocyst, necrosis, abscesses were not differently shown between the elderly (16.9%) and the young (20.2%) patients. Systemic complications including acute puhnonary failure occurred more frequently in the elderly patients than the young patients. The mortality rate of the elderly patients (5.1%) was not significantly different from that of the young patients (3.1%). Conclusions: To detect correctable underlying bihary tract diseases the elderly patients with acute pancreatitis should be completely investigated using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In addition, the patient should be closely monitored for the development of the systemic complications during the disease process.

18–30세 사이에 발생하는 뇌경색의 특징, 다기관 레지스트리 연구

장윤경,송태진,김용재,허지회,이경열,김영은,장민욱,조수진,강석윤 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2017 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.40 No.3

Objectives: Although there have been several reports that described characteristics for young age stroke, information regarding very young age (18–30 years old) has been limited. We aimed to analyze demographic factors, stroke subtype, and 3-month outcome in acute ischemic stroke patient who have relatively very young age in multicenter stroke registry. Methods: We evaluated all 122 (7.1%) consecutive acute ischemic stroke (within 7 days after symptom onset) patients aged 18 to 30 from 17,144 patients who registered in multicenter prospective stroke registry, 1997 to 2012. Etiology was classified by Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. Stroke severity was defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke outcome was defined by modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months after index stroke. Results: The mean age of all included patients was 25.1±3.7 years and 76 patients (62.2%) were male. The median NIHSS at admission was 4. Considering stroke subtype, 37 patients (30.3%) had stroke of other determined etiology (SOD), 37 (30.3%) had undetermined negative evaluation (UN) and 31 (25.4%) had cardioembolism (CE) were frequently noted. After adjusting age, sex and variables which had P<0.1 in univariable analysis (NIHSS and stroke subtype), CE stroke subtype (odds ratio, 4.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–15.48; P=0.011) were significantly associated with poor functional outcome (mRS≥3). Conclusion: In very young age ischemic stroke patients, SOD and UN stroke subtype were most common and CE stroke subtype was independently associated with poor discharge outcome.

A Case of Urethral Stent for Recurrent Urethral Stricture and Penile Prosthesis for Erectile Dysfunction

Jung, Gyung-Woo,Song, Young-Jin,Park, Young-Ho,Kwon, Heon-Young,Yoon, Jin-Han 동아대학교의과대학 1992 동아의대학술지 Vol.4 No.1

젊은 연령층과 고령층에서 발생하는 뇌동맥류의 임상적 비교연구

전용선,송시헌,고현송,염진영,김성호,김윤 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.8

Prednislolne이 골조직에 미치는 영향에 관한 형태학적 연구

송혜정,김무강,김원식,이영호 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.1

To study the effects of corticosteroids to the bone tissues, author grouped young(3 weeks affter birth) and adult ICR mouse by dosage, injected intramusculaily prednisolone, a series of corticosteroids, to posterior leg during 6 weeks per day, obtained femurs and tibias, measured the lengths of tibias and femurs. The portions of the distal end of tibial crests were cross-sectioned, general H-E stain was perpormed. The adjacent distal portions of femoral neck were sectioned longitudinally, observed endosteal surface by scanning electron micrscope The results were followings: 1. The adult group injected by large dosage (0.56mg/100g body weight/day) and the young group injected by small dosage(0.14mg/100g body weight/day) from 3 weeks after birth were significantly shorter than the normal group according to statistics. And the adult group injected by small dosage (0.14mg/100g body weight/day) was not different from normal group according to statistics. 2. In the light microscopic sutdy, the adult group injected by large dosage decreased in bone mass of compact bone severely, the adult group injected by small dosage changed a little grade. The young group injected by small dosage from 3 weeks after birth was not severe in bone change, but bone thickness decreased. 3. In the scanning elctron microscopic study, the adult group injected by large dosage and the young group iniected by small dosage from 3 weeks after birth decreased in trabeculae. The trabeculae of the adult group injected by small dosage were decreased slightly. 4. Integrating above all, the changes by prednisolone injection osteoporosis, of young period were more severe than those of adult, too.

최근 10년간의 신결핵 병태 조사

공영우,송희주 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1977 한국의과학 Vol.9 No.1

松雪體 流入 背景에 관한 小考

송수영(Song Soo- Young) 한국서예학회 2004 서예학연구 Vol.5 No.-

조맹부 (1254-1322) 는 南宋 황실의 후손이다. 원 세조가 “한나라 법으로 한나라 땅을 다스린다”는 원칙아래 강남의 유학자들을 적극적으로 포섭할 때에 가장 중요한 인물로 발탁되어 출사하였다. 그는 이미 吳興八俊으로 정평이 나있었고, 경제 . 유학 . 음악 . 詩. 書 . 畵 . 文 등 다방면에 재능을 갖춘 인재였기 때문이다. 원 세조의 漢文化(한 나라의 문화) 교육정책에 의해 학습된 인종은 중국역사상 가장 중요한 女子收藏家인 누나 노국대장공주와 함께 조맹부를 신임하였다. 한편 인종의 太子太師였던 충선왕은 당시의 名士인 요수 . 소구 . 염복 . 홍화 . 조맹부 . 원명선 . 장양호 등을 많이 천거하여 宮官이 되게 하였다. 이러한 영향으로 조맹부는 5代의 황제를 모시는 동안 인종대에 가장 重任되었다. 고려말의 송설체 유입과정에서 가장 핵심적인 역할을 한 사람은 충선왕이라고 할 수 있다. 충선왕은 숙왕에게 왕위를 계승한 후 燕京에 만권당을 짓고, 원의 大儒들과 고려의 名土들이 교유하게 함으로 송설체가 고려에 유입되는데 기반을 마련하였다. 한편 충선왕은 불사활동에도 적극 참여하였다. 이는 정동행성의 문제와 같이 어려운 일이 있을 때마다 황후나 태후들에게 의지하였는데, 그들이 광신적인 불교도였기 때문이다. 특히 강남 불교 임제종의 領抽인 中峰明本에게 귀의한 조맹부의 영향으로 충선왕도 제자의 예를 갖추게 되고, 강남 불교를 적극 지원하게된다. 이 과정에서 大藏經이나 金銀字寫經등의 기증이 많았다 . 이들 불경을 書寫하는데 송설체가 영향을 주었다. 현존하는 충선왕대에 발원한 국왕발원사경의 서체는 송설체이다. 이로부터 고려사경 서체는 송설체로 대체되었다. 뿐만 아니라 충선왕이 연정에 세웠던 만권당은 송설체의 유입과정에서 매우 중요한 역할을 하였다. 만권당은 외적으로는 학문과 예술을 표방한 문화교류의 거점이었다. 여기에서 조맹부와 교유하여 송설체의 대가가 된 이들은 이제현.이암.이강 등 이 있다, 특히 이암은 “우리 나라에서 조맹부 필법의 정신을 얻은자는 행촌 이암 한 사람뿐이다”고 일컬어 질 만큼 송설체의 대가였다. 금석문 등에서는 여전히 소식. 채양 등과 같은 북송대 서풍이 남아있긴 하지만 이제현.이암.이강 등의 송설체 대가를 배 출 하고, 사경서풍에서도 송설체가 정착되면서, 조선시대에 안평대군과 같은 송설체의 대가가 탄생하는 초석을 다졌다. 안평대군이 소장한 조맹부의 작품들은 모두 노국 대장공주가 만권당으로부터 들여와서 왕실에 수장되었던 자료들로 여겨진다. 따라서 조선전반기에 송설체가 풍미하게 된 것은 모두 충선왕의 공이라 하겠다. 여말 송설체의 유입과정에서 우리가 현재의 거울로 삼아야 할 부분은 바로 원세조의 한문화정책과 충선왕의 정책이다. 원 세 조는 한족을 다스리기 위해서는 한족의 문화를 장악해야 한다는 것을 알았다. 따라서 몰락한 남송의 정치.문화의 핵심인물인 조맹부를 선택했다. 충선왕도 정치적으로는 원의 지배하에서 고려왕으로서의 강력한 힘을 발휘하지는 못했으나, 이를 극복의 방법으로 문화를 선택하였다 충선왕이 선택한 문화가 강남의 한족문화였고, 그 문화의 대표적인 인물이 조맹부였다. 따라서 원의 한문화정책과 조맹부, 충선왕의 역사적 상황이 송설체가 고려에 유입되고 뿌리내리게 된 근본적인 이유가 되었다고 하겠다. After establisment of the Yuan dynasty that was the very first unified and conquering dynasty in China. Koryo 、vas in humiliating situation. Nevertheless, this period was a great harvesting season in the history of Korean calligraphy. That is just an inflow of Songsul style. So that, I intend to study on the background of Songsul style’s inflow with focusing on King Choong Sun and Man Kweon Dang. Cho Maeng Boo (1 254-1322) was a descent of the South Song’s imperial family. He was selected the most important person and entered government service when Yuan King Se Jo pull a confucianist in Kangnam into his side actively. Already, he had the reputation of one of the most distinguishing 8 persons in Oheung province. And he was an outstanding man in economy, Confucianism, music, poet, calligraphy, painting, literature , etc. King In Jong who has been under the influence of Yuan King Se Jo’s educational policy on Han's culture had trust Cho Maeng Boo with princess No Kook Dae Jang who was the most important woman collector throughout the Chinese history. On the other hand, King Choong Sun who was the great teacher of Yuan King In Jong, made Yo Soo, So Goo, Yoem Bok, Hong Hwa, Cho Maeng Boo, Won Myong Sun, Jang Yang Ho, and so on, to be a official in the palace. For this reason, Cho Maeng Boo took a heavy trust in King 1n Jong's period serving 5 generation’s Emperor. King Choong Sun was the core person on the process of Songsul style’s inflow. AIter abdicating the throne to King Choong Sook, he made Man Kweon Dang, and kept interchange the Yuan’s great confucianists with the Koryo’s notables. It was to be a foundation on the inflow of Songsul style. Besides, he participated in the Buddhist services, actively. Under the influence of Cho Maeng Boo who was converted to Joong Bong Myong Bon, the head of Kang Nam Buddhism, Lim Je. King Choong Sun supported Kang Nam Buddhism, ac tively. 1n this process, there are many dona ti on such as Dae Jang Kyung, gold or silver written Sa Kyung, etc. Songsul style had the influence on making a copy of it. Hand writing s tyle originated in the period of King Choong Sun was the Songsul style. From this time on, the style of Koryo Sa Kyung was replaced with the Songsul style. Man Kweon Dang was the key position of cultural in terchange standing for a scholar ship and art , externally. ln this place, there were Lee Jae Hyun, Lee Am, Lee Kang, etc. who were the master of the Songsul style keeping company with Cho Maeng Boo. Especially, Lee am was the great master on the Songsul style so that he was reputed to be "There are only one person who get the spirit of Cho Maeng Boo’s Calligraphic style". Even though in such as Keum Suk Moon. style of North Song remained, master of the Songsul style JS Lee Jae Hyun, Lee Am, Lee Kang, etc. were come forth, this period was the corner stone of such as Prince An Pyong being a great master of Songsul style in the Chosun dynasty. lt was thought that works of Cho beng B00 owned by Prince An Pyoung were the collected things 、which were kept in the royal house from Man Kweon Dang by the princess No Kook Dae Jang. Therefore, all it was the services of King Choong Sun that Songsul style was predominant in the early Chosun dynasty. In the lale Koryo dynasty, during the process of Songsul style’s inflow. we should lake a leaf from the Yuan King Se Jo’s policy on Han’s culture and King Choong Sun's policy. Yuan King Se Jo has known the fact the he should command the Han’s culture for ruling over the Han. And he chose Cho Maeng Boo who was the core person of ruined South Song’s politics, culture. King Choong Sun. he could not exert a powerful strength as a King of the Koryo. he chose a culture for overcoming the fact.