Cu CMP에 의한 웨이퍼 불균일도 특성 개선

이우선,이영식,손동민 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2002 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.24 No.2

A Study on wafer non uniformity characteristic improvement using Cu CMP were studied. Chemical mechanical polishing of copper has been studied on a platen polisher by using an experimental copper slurry containing alumina oxide as the abrasive component. In order to understand the process, a design of experiment was conducted. From the experiment, the effects of polishing parameters such as polishing pressure, platen speed, and speed of wafer carrier on the removal rate of copper and the uniformity in copper removal were calculated and discussed. From the relative velocity modeling, all points on the wafer would have the same relative velocity if the platen rotation speed equals that of the wafer carrier. During polishing, pad temperature and copper removal rate were both lineally dependent on the product of rotation speed and polishing pressure. Some incremental polishing experiments were carried out to study the mechanism of copper CMP as a function of polishing time. I t has been demonstrated that copper CMP starts with surface smoothing instead of significant material removal. In this study, WIWNU of silicon wafer and parameter of Cu CMP were presented.

안면비대칭과 상악치열궁형태의 연관성에 관한 연구

김동우,손우성 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구는 안면비대칭이 존재하는 사람에 있어서 상악치열궁의 좌우측 치아에서 전후방, 측방 그리고 수직 비대칭의 존재 유무와 상악 중절치의 치축경사 변화 정도 및 이러한 비대칭 양상과 하악골의 편위 정도와의 상관성을 알아보고 정상군과의 비교를 통하여 상대적인 비대칭의 양상을 파악하고자 고안되어졌다. 부산대학교병원 교정과에 내원한 환자들 중 하악골의 편위를 동반한 골격성 비대칭을 가진 21명을 안면비대칭군으로 선정하고 임상적으로 양호한 안모를 가지고 골격성의 비대칭이 없는 20명을 정상군으로 선정한 후 상악치열궁모형과 정모두부방사선규격사진을 이용하여 상악치열궁을 이루는 좌우측 치아의 위치와 상악 중절치 치축경사, 그리고 상악 제1대구치의 수직위치를 계측하고 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 안면비대칭군에서 치성 비대칭의 정도와 하악의 편위정도 사이에는 높은 상관성을 나타내지 않았다. 2. 안면비대칭군에서 악골이 편위된 측의 치아들이 더 측방으로 확장되어 있었다. 그리고 상악 제1대구치와 제2대구치의 전후방위치와 상악 중절치의 치축경사에서 차이가 있었다. 3. 안면비대칭군에서 측방 비대칭은 후방치아로 갈수록 증가되었으며 전후방 비대칭에 비해 더 크게 나타났다. This study was designed to examine the dental asymmetry in person with facial asymmetry and to examine the relationship between the degree of mandibular deviation and asymmetry of maxillary dental arch. The samples were divided to asymmetry group and normal group. The asymmetry group consisted of 21 subjects(6 males and 15 females) and their mean age was 23.5 years. The normal group consisted of 20 subjects(10 males and 10 females) and their mean age was 18.6 years. Anteroposterior, transverse position of all maxillary teeth except 3rd molars, vertical position of maxillary 1st molars, and angulation of central incisors were measured. The anterioposterior and transverse positions of teeth were measured on the maxillary dental casts, the vertical position of maxillary 1st molars and angulation of maxillary incisors were measured on posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs. The data were analyzed to examine whether significant asymmetries existed in each of the asymmetry and normal groups. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the asymmetry group, the correlation between the degree of mandibular deviation and that of 3-dimensional dental asymmetry was not so high. 2. In the asymmetry group, the teeth in deviated side were more laterally positioned than that of undeviated side. There were differences in the anteroposterior position of maxillary 1st and 2nd molars and the angulation of maxillary central incisors. 3. In the asymmetry group, the transverse symmetry was larger in the posterior teeth rather than in the anterior teeth and larger than the anteroposterior asymmetry.

Folwable resin을 이용한 브라켓의 재접착 시 전단결합강도에 대한 연구

김동우,손우성 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 교정 치료 중 탈락된 브라켓의 재접착 시 탈락 전과 유사한 위치로 재접착하기 위하여 브라켓 탈락전 위치의 지표가 될 수 있는 잔여 레진을 제거하지 않고 flowable resin을 이용하여 재접착을 시행하는 방법을 제안하고 이 재접착 방법의 임상적 유용성을 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 브라켓이 탈락된 치아 표면의 잔여 레진을 제거하고 산 부식 후 Transbond XT^(?)를 이용하여 새로운 브라켓을 접착하는 통상적인 재접착 방법을 사용한 군을 대조군으로 하고 탈락된 브라켓과 치아 표면의 잔여 레진을 제거하지 않고 치면을 산부식 후 탈락된 브라켓을 Trafsbond XT^(?)와 CharmFil Flow^(?)로 재접착한 군을 각각 실험군으로 하였다 실험군과 대조군의 각 군간 전단결합강도를 비교하였으며 ARi score를 이용하여 브라켓의 탈락 양상을 관찰하였고 탈락 양상에 따른 전단결합강도를 비교하였다. 그 결과 실험군 중 TraHSbOfd XT^(?)를 이용하여 재접착한 군(0.30 ± 1.01 DP3)의 전단결합강도가 대조군(0.51 ± 1.21 DPa)에 비하여 낮긴 하지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며(p = 0.534), CharmFil Flow^(?)를 이용하여 재접착한 군(7.29 ± 1.54 MPa)은 Transbond XT^(?)을 이용하여 재접착한 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다 (p = 0 009). 탈락 양상을 관찰했을 때 대조군에서는 레진 내부,브라켓-레진, 레진-치면 간의 탈락 양상이 고르게 나타났으나 실험군에서는 레진-치면간의 탈락 양상은 보이지 않았고 레진 내부, 브라켓-레진 간의 탈락이 유사하게 나타났으며 브라켓의 탈락 양상에 따른 전단결합강도의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다 (p〉0.05). 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 본 연구에서 제시된 재접착 방법과 flowable resin의 재접착제로서의 사용 가능성은 충분할 것으로 보인다. This study was performed to evaluate clinical practicality of the rebonding method with flowable resin without the removal of the residual resin on the debonded teeth and debonded bracket base after debonding. The samples of the control group (group I) were rebonded with Transbond XT^(?) using the usual rebonding method after the residual resin was removed. At experimental group, the brackets were rebonded with Transbond XT^(?) (group II) and CharmFil Flow^(?) (group III) without removal of residual resin which is the possibility becoming the index for rebonding to similar position with initial bonding. The shear bond strength of the each group was measured. Patterns of bonding failure were evaluated with modified ARI score, and the shear bond strength according to patterns of bonding failure at experimental group was compared. Between the control group (6.51 ± 1.21 MPa) and the group II rebonded with Transbond XT^(?) (6.30 ± 1.01 MPa) did not have significantly difference in the shear bond strength (p = 0.534), and the shear bond strength of group II was significantly lower than the group III rebonded with CharmFil Flow^(?) (7.29 ± 1.54 MPa) (p = 0.009). At control group, there was not large difference in distribution of bonding failure pattern. But at experimental group, bond failure did not occur in interface between the resin-enamel. and bond failure between the resin-bracket, within the resin was distributed similarly. There was not significantly difference in the shear bond strength according to patterns of bonding failure at experimental group (p〉0.05). The result of this study showed that the method suggested in this study and flowable resin as rebonding adhesive could be useful in'clinically.

분절호선법으로 상하악 절치부 압하 시 순측경사도가 미치는 영향에 관한 3차원 유한요소법적 연구

김동우,양훈철,김기태,김성식,손우성 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 상하악 절치부의 압하를 도모하기 위한 장치의 하나인 분절호선장치를 사용하여 절치부의 순측경사에 따른 저항중심의 위치와 변화양상, 그리고 치축경사 개선과 압하를 동시에 이루기 위해 필요한 최소 후방 견인력의 크기 및 변화양상을 알아보기 위하여 3차원 유한요소법을 이용하여 시행되었으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치축 경사도의 변화에 따른 상악 절치부 저항중심은 1) 정상 치축경사를 가진 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 6mm에 위치하였다. 2) 순측경사가 10˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓의 원심면 후방 9mm에 위치하였다. 3) 순측경사가 20˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 12mm에 위치하였다. 4) 순측경사가 30˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 16mm에 위치하였다. 2. 치축 경사도의 변화에 따른 하악 절치부 저항중심은 1) 정상 치축경사를 가진 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 10mm에 위치하였다. 2) 순측경사가 10˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 13mm에 위치하였다. 3) 순측경사가 20˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 15mm에 위치하였다. 4) 순측경사가 30˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 18mm에 위치하였다. 3. 응력 분포 양상은 1) 각 저항중심에서 압하력을 가한 경우에 치주인대에 균일한 압축응력을 나타내었다. 2) 후방 견인력을 동시에 적용한 경우에 순측경사가 증가할수록 응력분포 양상이 복잡해지는 양상을 보였다. 4. 상하악 절치부가 20˚까지 순측경사된 경우에서 pure intrusion을 위하여 필요한 후방 견인력의 크기도 증가하였다. This study was designed to investigate the position of anteroposterior center of resistance for genuine intrusion and the mode of change of the minimum distal force for simultanous intrusion and retraction of the upper and lower incisors according to the increase of labial inclination. For this purpose, we used the three-piece intrusion arch appliance and three-dimensional finite element models of upper and lower incisors. 1. Positions of the center of resistance in upper incisors according to the increase of the labial inclination were as follows; 1) In normal inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 6mm behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 2) In 10˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 9mm behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 3) In 20˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 12m behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 4) In 30˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 16m behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 2. Positions of the center of resistance in lower incisors according to the increase of the labial inclination were as follows; 1) In normal inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 10mm behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 2) In 10˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 13mm behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 3) In 20˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 15m behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 4) In 30˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 18m behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 3. The patterns of stress distribution were as follows; 1) There were even compressive stresses in and periodontal ligament when intrusion force was applied through determined center of resistance. 2) There were gradual increase of complexity in compressive stress distribution pattern with increase of the labial inclination when intrusion and retraction force were applied simultaneously. 4. With increase of the labial inclination of the upper and lower incisors, the position of the center of resistance moved posteriorly. And the distal force for pure intrusion was increased until 20˚ increase of the labial inclination.

An Exprimental Study of Postoperative Intraabdominal Adhesions

이봉우,최봉락,양동휘,김인호,손수상,강중신 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1986 계명의대학술지 Vol.5 No.2

수술후 나타나는 장유착은 적지 않은 빈도를 나타내며 보편화된 개복 수술후 증가된 유착성 장폐색증은 외과영역에서 중요한 문제의 하나로 많은 연구보고가 되고 있으며 유착의 형성은 기계적, 세균학적 및 화학적 외상 즉 복강내 외상이나 손상후의 치유과정의 한단계로 유착이 나타난다고 한다. 장유착의 원인과 이차적인 병태생리학적인 변화에 대한 충분한 이해를 갖고 조기에 적절한 치료를 하면 이병율과 사망율을 감소시킬 수 있는 질환이다. 저자들은 한국산 성숙된 가토를 이용하여 실시한 실험적 연구로써 도끼 60마리를 각 20마리씩 3군으로 나누어 관찰하였다. 즉 모든 토끼는 ether로 open drip마취를 하고 정중선 복별절개로 개복한 후 5.0+ 5.0cm정도의 전벽복막을 점상 출혈이 나타날 때 까지 찰과상을 형성시켜 그 결과를 관찰하였다. 제1군의 20마리는 단지 scratching method만 시행한 control group으로 하고 제2군의 20마리에서는 scratchiing method 후 복강내 polyethylene feeding tube를 넣고 매일 50ㅊㅊ의 생리식염수를 중비하였으며 제3군 20마리에서는 복강투석액인 peritosol solution으로 생리식염수 대신에 매일 50cc씩 복강내에 주입하여 관찰 비교하였다. 모든 토끼들은 개복술 10일후 재 개복하여 복막의 유착과 소장간의 유착정도를 관찰비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Control group에서는 20예중 유착정도가 15예에서 나타나 75%를 나타내었고 생리식염수 투여군에서는 20예중 13예에서 나타나 65%의 유착을 나타내었으며 peritosol군에서는 20예중 9예로서 45%로 감소된 유착양상을 나타내었다. 본 실험에서는 peritosol투여군이 control group이나 생리식염수 투여군보다 실험적 유착상태가 적은 것에 유의를 하였으며 아직 인체에 peritosol세척 시도는 못해 보았지만, 본실험과 같은 효과가 있다면 술후 장유착 예방에 의의가 있을 것으로 사료되어 보고 드리는 바이다.

로봇 그립퍼의 악력 제어

윤동우,오성남,김갑일,손영익,임승철,강환일 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2007 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.26 No.-

In addition to accurate position and velocity control, force control is necessary for a successful robot operation. In this paper, we have designed a simple robot gripper using a DC motor. For its force control, a current feedback control law is presented without using additional force sensors. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control law. A digital controller is also developed with a TMS320LF2406 processor.

수술 전 진단된 충수돌기 점액류종 1례

허광식,손현화,김동규,박찬국,김만우,김정용,기근홍 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.1

Primary unruptured appendiceal mucocele is a rare disease. It is very difficult to diagnose preoperatively because of the rarity of classical symptoms and low incidence. Usually it is discovered incidentally during abdominal ultrasonography(US), computed tomography(CT), or appendectomy for acute appendicitis. If untreated, one type of mucoceles may rupture producing a potentially fatal entity known as pseudomyxoma peritonei, therefore preoperative diagnosis is very important. With the advent of colonoscopy, abdominal US and CT, it has been possible to preoperatively diagnose mucocele of appendix. We experienced a case of appendiceal mucocele in a 60 year-old woman who had symptoms of lower abdominal discomfort and right lower quadrant abdominal pain, and it was diagnosed preoperatively by colonoscopy, abdominal US and CT. So we present this case with review of literature.

점포내 VMD요소가 SPA 브랜드 정체성에 미치는 영향

김소영, 손지훈, 심효진, 신동훈, 정일호, 홍동우, 김은영 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2013 생활과학연구논총 Vol.17 No.2

This study was to examine the effect of VMD factors on brand identity for SPA brands. As brand stimulus, four SPA brands(e.g., Basic House, Codes combine, Uniqlo, Zara) were selected by pretest. For collecting data, a self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the literatures and intercept survey was conducted. A total 508 usable responses were obtained from consumers who shopped at the selected brands' stores. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis were used. As perceived by consumers, VMD consisted of seven factors: lightening, scent, color, layout, music, window display, and item presentation. The VMD factor was significantly related to brand identity for the SPA brands. Specifically, brand awareness was predicted by color, layout and item presentation; brand association strength was predicted by color, layout, and widow display; favorable brand association was predicted by item presentation; salience of brand association was predicted by color and music; and brand image association was predicted by color, layout, music, and item presentation. Thus, this study discussed a managerial implication for SPA retailers to develop a visual merchandising strategy in the competitive marketplace.

제대군인 취업지원 프로그램 구안

정철영,서우석,김성호,이예성,최동선,이종범,이성식,이건남,양안나,김성남 한국직업능력개발원 2007 직업능력개발연구 Vol.10 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 중·장기복무를 마치고 제대하여 재취업하고자 하는 제대군인들의 원활한 전직을 돕기 위한 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 개발방향과 개발안을 제시하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 국내·외에서 이루어지고 있는 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 실태를 분석하였고, 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램에 대한제대예정군인 및 제대군인과 기업체의 요구를 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 그리고 이를 기초로 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 기본방향과 전체 흐름도, 세부 프로그램 개발안을 제시하였다. 이를 위해서 활용된 연구의 방법은 문헌연구, 조사연구, 전문가협의회 등이다. 이 연구를 통해서 제시된 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 개발방향과 개발안을 토대로, 일관되고 지속적인 수요자 중심의 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 개발이 가능할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to suggest plans and directions for developing. job-seeking support program for military veterans. The study is conducted through literature review, survey and interview. The results of this study are as follows: ⒧ basic development directions and flowchart of job-seeking support program for military veterans are suggested; and ⑵ development plans for sub-programs are suggested.

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究Ⅱ : Emphasised on College Men of Department of Physical Education 體育專功 大學生을 中心으로

金尙國,姜東洹,張周鎬,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,朴英震,柳在忠 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1989 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, change in physique and physical function of college students majoring physical education and Taekwondo (454 males and 64 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results are as following: 1. The male group of 23yrs old in physical education showed highest values in 7 items(Weight, Chest Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness and Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness). 2. In the Physical function, the male group of 18yrs old showed highest values in Power, Flexibility, and then 21yrs old at Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and 23yrs old at Grip Strength, and 25yrs old at Blood Pressure, respectively. 3. In the physique, the male group of 22yrs old showed highest values in Weight, Chest Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, and then 24yrs old Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, and 19yrs old at Height, Upper Limb Length, respectively. 4. In Physical Function, the 22yrs old showed highest values in Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and then 23yrs old at Side Step, Trunk Extension, but 18yrs old showed lower Values in Grip Strength, Side Step, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. 5. The female group of 22yrs old showed highest values in 8 items(Height, Sitting Height, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length, Skinfold Thickness), and then 18yrs old at 5 items (Weight, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth), respectively. 6. In the physical function, the 22yrs old showed highest Values in Grip strength, Back Strength, Power, 5 Minute Run, and 18yrs old at flexibility, Harvard Step Test, respectively. 7. In the change of the physique for two years(1988-1989) in the male group, majoring Physical education the 22yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 20yrs old in 3 items, but 18yrs old showed decrease in 3 items. 8. In the change of the physical function for two years in the male group, the 20yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 21, 25, 26yrs old in 3 items, but the 19yrs old showed decrease in 6 items, and 18, 22 yrs old in 5 items, respectively. 9. The change of the physique for two years in all female group, of 18, 19, 20, 21yrs old showed increase in 11 items except Skinfold Thickness. 10. In the change of physical function for two years in female group, the 18yrs old showed increase in 3 items, and then 20yrs old in 5 items, but 19, 22yrs old decreased 12 items, respectively. 11. The highest significant difference in physique between male and female was found in weight(mean Value 17.5%), and the lowest difference was found Thigh Girth, Calf Girth(1,3%), Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length(2.5%). 12. The Highest difference in physical function was Strength (mean Value 40%), Vital Capacity (33%), Power(22%), but Lower Trunk Flexion, Foot Balance(3.4%). 13. In the difference of Physique and physical function between physical education major and taekwondo major, the physical education showed higher values in skinfold Thickines (mean Value 16.5%), Weight, Waist Girth(4.7%) and Strength(33%), Endurance(5.6%), but subjects majoring Taekwondo showed higher values in Flexibility and Foot Balance. 14. In all male groups, Waist Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness, Back Strength, Sargent Jump, Trunk Extension and Diastolic Blood Pressure were showed a significantly related at 0.001 level.