The effect of ginsenosides on depression in preclinical studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Yunna Kim,Seung-Hun Cho 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.3

Background: Many ginsenosides have been shown to be efficacious for major depressive disorder (MDD), which is a highly recurrent disorder, through several preclinical studies. We aimed to review the literature assessing the antidepressant effects of ginsenosides on MDD animal models, to establish systematic scientific evidence in a rigorous manner. Methods: We performed a systematic review on the antidepressant effects of ginsenoside evaluated in in vivo studies. We searched for preclinical trials from inception to July 2019 in electronic databases such as Pubmed and Embase. In vivo studies examining the effect of a single ginsenoside on animal models of primary depression were included. Items of each study were evaluated by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess behavioral changes induced by ginsenoside Rg1, which was the most studied ginsenoside. Data were pooled using the random-effects models. Results: A total of 517 studies were identified, and 23 studies were included in the final analysis. They reported on many ginsenosides with different antidepressant effects and biological mechanisms of action. Of the 12 included articles assessing ginsenoside Rg1, pooled results of forced swimming test from 9 articles (mean difference (MD): 20.50, 95% CI: 16.13-24.87), and sucrose preference test from 11 articles (MD: 28.29, 95% CI: 22.90-33.69) showed significant differences compared with vehicle treatment. The risk of bias of each study was moderate, but there was significant heterogeneity across studies. Conclusion: These estimates suggest that ginsenosides, including ginsenoside Rg1, reduces symptoms of depression, modulates underlying mechanisms, and can be a promising antidepressant.

Antidepressant effects of ginsenoside Rf on behavioral change in the glial degeneration model of depression by reversing glial loss

Kim, Yunna,Lee, Hwa-Young,Choi, Yu-Jin,Cho, Seung-Hun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.4

Background: Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disease that shows astrocyte pathology. Ginsenoside Rf (G-Rf) is a saponin found in Panax ginseng which has been used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases. We aimed to investigate antidepressant properties of G-Rf when introduced into the L-alphaaminoadipic acid (L-AAA)-infused mice model which is representative of a major depressive disorder that features diminished astrocytes in the brain. Methods: L-AAA was infused into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice to induce decrease of astrocytes. Mice were orally administered G-Rf (20 mg/kg) as well as vehicle only or imipramine (20 mg/kg) as controls. Depression-like behavior of mice was evaluated using forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). We observed recovery of astroglial impairment and increased proliferative cells in the PFC and its accompanied change in the hippocampus by Western blot and immunohistochemistry to assess the effect of G-Rf. Results: After injection of L-AAA into the PFC, mice showed increased immobility time in FST and TST and loss of astrocytes without significant neuronal change in the PFC. G-Rf-treated mice displayed significantly more decreased immobility time in FST and TST than did vehicle-treated mice, and their immobility time almost recovered to those of the sham mice and imipramine-treated mice. G-Rf upregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and Ki-67 expression in the PFC reduced by L-AAA and also alleviated astroglial change in the hippocampus. Conclusion: G-Rf markedly reversed depression-like behavioral changes and exhibited protective effect against the astrocyte ablation in the PFC induced by L-AAA. These protective properties suggest that G-Rf might be a therapeutic agent for major depressive disorders.

Function of the pentose phosphate pathway and its key enzyme, transketolase, in the regulation of the meiotic cell cycle in oocytes

Kim, Yunna,Kim, Eun-Young,Seo, You-Mi,Yoon, Tae Ki,Lee, Woo-Sik,Lee, Kyung-Ah The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2012 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.39 No.2

Objective: Previously, we identified that transketolase (Tkt), an important enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, is highly expressed at 2 hours of spontaneous maturation in oocytes. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the function of Tkt in meiotic cell cycle regulation, especially at the point of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Methods: We evaluated the loss-of-function of Tkt by microinjecting Tkt double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes, and the oocytes were cultured in vitro to evaluate phenotypic changes during oocyte maturation. In addition to maturation rates, meiotic spindle and chromosome rearrangements, and changes in expression of other enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway were determined after Tkt RNA interference (RNAi). Results: Despite the complete and specific knockdown of Tkt expression, GVBD occurred and meiosis was arrested at the metaphase I (MI) stage. The arrested oocytes exhibited spindle loss, chromosomal aggregation, and declined maturation promoting factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. The modified expression of two enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway, Prps1 and Rbks, after Tkt RNAi and decreased maturation rates were amended when ribose-5-phosphate was supplemented in the culture medium, suggesting that the Tkt and pentose phosphate pathway are important for the maturation process. Conclusion: We concluded that Tkt and its associated pentose phosphate pathway play an important role in the MI-MII transition of the oocytes' meiotic cell cycle, but not in the process of GVBD.

Pharmacopuncture for Cervicogenic Dizziness

Kim, Yunna,Cho, Seung-Hun KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2018 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.21 No.4

Objectives: Pharmacopuncture is a treatment that medicinal fluid including herbal extract is injected in body under qi/flavor theory and meridian theories. There are a number of studies investigating the efficacy of pharmacopuncture for cervicogenic dizziness but its usage differs in each study. This study aimed to review previous studies of pharmacopuncture treatment for cervicogenic dizziness to navigate the direction of improvement. Methods: Literature review was conducted on studies aimed at pharmacopuncture for cervicogenic dizziness. The randomized controlled studies which assessed the efficacy of pharmacopuncture on cervicogenic dizziness were selected. The studies were searched in Pubmed, RISS, OASIS and CNKI. After selecting eligible studies, the authors read the articles and summarized the points those are necessary in pharmacopuncture treatment for cervicogenic dizziness. Results: Twenty seven studies and 2,709 participants were included. The diverse solutions were used and the most popular were Salvia miltiorrhiza, Angelica gigas, a compound in Gastrodia elata, Panax notoginseng saponins. Some studies investigated the efficacy of conventional medical compounds (lidocaine, vitamin B, dexamethasone) injected in acupoints. Adopting acupoints and combining with body acupuncture have shown the tendency to enhance the cure rate. Pharmacopuncture could improve the efficacy of conventional treatment for cervicogenic dizziness. Conclusion: As the solution and injection method varies, principles of pharmacopuncture for dizziness should be investigated.

Effectiveness of the Shugan Jieyu Capsule against Psychiatric Symptoms in Epilepsy: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Kim Sejin,Kim Yunna,Cho Seung-Hun 대한약침학회 2023 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: Psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy are very common, and the most common symptoms are depression, insomnia, and anxiety. These symptoms not only lower the quality of life of epilepsy patients, but also elevate the risk of epileptic seizures. There are no specific criteria for the available antiepileptic drugs to ameliorate these symptoms in patients with epilepsy, and there is a lack of evidence to support the efficacy and safety of existing drugs. The Shugan Jieyu capsule (SJC) is a traditional herbal medicine composed of Acanthopanax senticosus and Hypericum perforatum and is reported to be effective in relieving psychiatric symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of SJC as a treatment for psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy patients. Methods: Electronic databases will be investigated for publications in English, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese. The participants of the study are epilepsy patients with psychiatric symptoms diagnosed using any validated criteria. All types of controls will be compared— placebo, conventional treatments, and no treatment—to groups treated with SJC or modified SJC. We will measure the degree of improvement in psychiatric symptoms and check epileptic symptoms, such as the frequency of seizures. The study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers, who will also assess methodological quality using the risk-of-bias tool by Cochrane. We will use Review Manager software (RevMan) to carry out all statistical analyses. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed in accordance with the PRISMA-P statement. Conclusion: This systematic review is the first study to assess the efficacy and safety of SJC for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy. We expect that this study will provide clinically applicable evidence for patients with epilepsy when selecting drug treatments.

Effect of Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture for a Patient with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Trial

( Yunna Kim ),( Yoon Ji Eom ),( Dohyung Kwon ),( Jae Hyok Lee ),( In Chul Jung ),( Eun Cho ),( Ji Eun Lee ),( Seung-hun Cho ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2021 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is condition of cognitive decline shown in transition from normal aging to dementia. Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture (HPP) is a treatment that combines effects of medication and acupuncture by injecting Hominis placenta into acupoints. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HPP for MCI. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-center clinical trial. Eligible patients were randomly allocated to either the HPP group or the placebo group. HPP or saline as placebo was administered to participants for eight weeks. Changes in symptoms were observed. The primary outcome was difference in mean change of Korean Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) score between the HPP group and the placebo group. Cognitive function, overall status of mood and sleep, and quality of life (QoL) were also assessed. Safety assessment and economic analysis were then conducted. Results: Thirty participants were enrolled. One participant in the placebo group dropped out. The score of MoCA-K increased after treatment. Its mean change was smaller in the HPP group than in the control group. HPP ameliorated Global Deterioration Scale and Korean Dementia Rating Scale subtests for attention, organization, and memory compared to the placebo. However, none of them was significantly different between the two groups. Mood, sleep, and QoL all improved more in the HPP group than in the placebo group, although differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. There was no adverse event probably related to the drug. HPP treatment needed KRW 345,000 more than the placebo group in improving Geriatric Quality of Life scale-Dementia score by one point for one year. Conclusions: Although HPP treatment did not significantly improve cognition, it changed behavioral and psychological symptoms in MCI.

Voices of Agency Heads on Korean Youth Shelter Model in Digital Environment

Yunna Kim 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2023 No.12

DSPP Derived Peptide Promoting Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Expression

Duckil KIM,Yunna KIM,Donghyun LEE 한국생물공학회 2015 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.4

안전한 인공지능기반의 무인자율 이송트램 개발

주윤나 ( Yunna Joo ),김다빈 ( Dabin Kim ),김세빈 ( Sebin Kim ),김희엽 ( Heeyeop Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2022 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.29 No.2

본 논문은 최근 울산항만에 물류 차량과 사람이 충돌하는 위험이 수반되어 특별 안전대책에 따라 사각지대 없는 안전관리 체계의 일원으로 차별화된 울산항만과 선박 사이의 스마트 안전 정류장 구축과 이를 연계한 인공지능 기반의 무인 자율 이송 트램을 구현하는 프로젝트이다. 플랫폼 기반의 하드웨어로 각종 사물에 센서와 통신 기능을 내장하여 인터넷에 연결하는 사물인터넷(IoT)와 안드로이드 기반의 앱으로 사물인터넷에서 측정된 정보를 제공하거나 스마트 정류장과 연계하여 안전하게 이동할 수 있도록 서비스를 제공하며 이를 위해서 사물인터넷(IoT)을 분석한 데이터 정보는 인공지능 기반의 무인 자율 이송 트램의 사고를 방지하기 위해 꼭 필요하다.

가중집합 샘플링의 효율성 향상 기법

김윤나(Yunna Kim),황혜수(Heasoo Hwang) 한국정보과학회 2020 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.26 No.4

문서나 이미지 등의 고차원 데이터가 가중집합으로 표현되었을 때 이들 간 유사도를 효율적으로 측정하기 위하여 가중 집합 샘플링을 이용하여 차원을 축소한다. 기존 샘플링 방법들은 고품질의 샘플을 생성하나 가중집합 차원과 생성할 샘플 개수가 증가함에 따라 샘플링 시간이 급격히 늘어난다. 샘플링 효율 향상을 위하여 본 논문에서는 ICWS(Improved Consistent Weighted Sampling)에 기반한 구간별 샘플링 기법인 ICWS_B를 제안한다. ICWS_B는 샘플링 시간을 크게 단축하나 구간별 샘플 생성 시 가중집합 밀도나 구간 크기에 따라 빈 구간에서 생성되는 샘플의 개수가 증가하게 되어 전체 샘플 품질이 저하될 수 있어 이를 완화하기 위한 기법인 ICWS_D도 제안한다. 다양한 가중집합 데이터를 이용한 비교실험을 통하여 제안 방법이 기존 방법 수준의 샘플을 생성함과 동시에 샘플링 시간을 현저히 단축함을 확인하였다. 그러나 데이터 밀도와 구간 크기에 따라 샘플 품질이 여전히 다소 저하되므로 이에 대응하기 위한 샘플 품질 개선 방안도 논의한다. Weighted sets model high-dimensional data such as documents and images, and thus their dimension is usually reduced by sampling methods for efficient estimation of similarity between such weighted sets. While existing methods generate samples of high quality, the sampling time grows very rapidly as the dimension of weighted sets and the number of samples increase. To improve the sampling efficiency of the popular sampling method, ICWS(Improved Consistent Weighted Sampling), we propose a bin-based sampling method, ICWS_B, for weighted sets. The sampling time of ICWS_B is significantly reduced, but the quality of samples may become worse than that of ICWS since ICWS_B generates many dummy samples especially when many small bins are constructed on sparse weighted sets. To improve the quality of samples by ICWS_B, we propose ICWS_D which densifies empty bins. Extensive comparative experiments show that our methods efficiently generate samples that are as effective as those by existing sampling methods. However, since it is observed that the quality of samples may degrade due to the low data density or small bins, we also discuss how we can further improve the effectiveness of our sampling methods.