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Influencing Factors on COVID-19 Preventive Behavior in College students : An Ecological Perspective
Yunhee Kim,Hyeseung Kim 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aim(s): The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting to the COVID-19 preventive behavior in college students based on ecological perspectives, and provide basic data for the development of preventive programs to improve COVID-19 preventive behavior. Method(s): The study recruited a total of 221 college students, through an online survey through three online communities which are mostly used by college students. The data were collected from July 24 to August 9, 2021. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS 25.0 version program. Result(s): There was a statistically significant difference in COVID-19 preventive behavior depending on their age(t=3.06, p=.003) and their experience in self quarantined(t=3.53, p=.028) among the general characteristics of the subjects. COVID-19 preventive behavior showed a statistically significant positive correlation with perceived susceptibility(r=.525, p<.001), perceived severity(r=.481, p<.001), perceived benefits(r=.526, p<.001), subjective norms(r=.608, p<.001), and sense of community(r=.302, p<.001). In addition, perceived barriers was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with COVID-19 preventive behavior(r=-.172, p=0.010). In hierarchical multiple regression, all of 3 models were examined by intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational factors in ecological model. As a result, perceived susceptibility(β=.208, p=.003), perceived benefits(β=.178, p=.007), subjective norms(β=.309, p<.001) were found to have a significant association with the COVID-19 preventive behaviors of college students. These variables explained the 44.6% variance in COVID-19 preventive behavior of college students(F=23.18, p<.001). Conclusion(s): COVID-19 preventive behavior of college students were associated with perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and subjective norms. Based on the results of this study, it is expected to develop a COVID-19 preventive program to improve the COVID-19 preventive behavior of college students.
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Recovery and Adsorption Rate of Murine Norovirus Using NanoCeram^® Filters
Yun-Hee Kim,Won-Hwa Jheong,Seok-Jea Jang,Ji-Youn Park,Jung-Hwan Oh,Geun-Su Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Oh-Sang Kwon,Jin-Seok Han 대한미생물학회 2011 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.41 No.1
This study investigated the recovery and absorption rates of murine norovirus, a surrogate for human norovirus, by using NanoCeram^® filters which served as a tool for recovering viruses. In the study, two types of NanoCeram^® filters were employed: one was a cartridge type and the other was a disc type (Φ 47 mm) whose surface area is 75 times smaller than the cartridge type. The analytical method was the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The study found that the average recovery rates of the cartridge type and the disc type were 30.9% and 29.5% respectively. Since these two rates were very close to each other, the adsorption rate of the cartridge type could be predicted with the disc type. Analyzing recovery and absorption rates of the disc type based on different filtered volumes showed that when the volume increased from 0.5 L to 20 L, the average recovery rate rose from 14.78% to 30.41 %, while the average absorption rate dropped from 56.33% to 10.48%. The increase in turbidity from less than 1NTU to less than 3 NTU raised the average recovery rate from 47.23% to 82.84%.
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Case Report : Occurrence of iatrogenic pneumothorax during Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy
( Yun Hee Kim ),( Seung Zhoo Yoon ),( Choon Hak Lim ),( Ji Yong Park ),( Hye Won Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.57 No.6
The occurrence of a pneumothorax during laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) is rare. A pneumothorax was developed during a LADG under general anesthesia in a 67-year-old woman with gastric cancer. About 140 minutes after CO2 insufflation, sudden hemodynamic collapse occurred. A defect was noted in the diaphragm. After immediate repair under laparoscopy, hemodynamic stability was achieved within several minutes. In the anesthetic management of a LADG, the anesthesia provider should be aware of the possible occurrence of a pneumothorax. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 57: 765∼7)
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Yunhee Kim,Youngsun Park 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.12
Objective In South Korea, the placement of orphans in institutions is still common, despite evidence of its adverse influence on children’s psychological, emotional, physical, and cognitive development. In this preliminary study, we evaluate whether system-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) is effective for decreasing externalizing problems in institutionalized children. Methods SWPBS was provided for one month to 36 school-aged boys who had lived in an orphanage for an average of 8.72 years (SD=2.52), along with their 10 caregivers. Direct observation of the frequency of target behaviors in the participating children, caregivers’ ratings of the severity of children’s problematic behaviors, self-reported caregiving stress (i.e., Parenting Stress Scale), and intervention fidelity were dependent variables. Results After receiving SWPBS, the frequency of problematic behaviors in the participating children showed a mean decrease of 73.6%. The caregivers also reported seeing a decrease in the severity of their children’s problematic behaviors after SWPBS compared to before. Conclusion SWPBS may be a promising intervention to decrease externalizing behaviors in school-aged children who have been living in institutions for a long time and have shown mental health issues.
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A New Shopper Typology: Utilitarian and Hedonic Perspectives
Yun-Hee Kim,Youn-Kyung Kim,Min-Young Lee 한국마케팅과학회 2011 마케팅과학연구 Vol.21 No.2
The purpose of this study was to classify retail shoppers based on utilitarian and hedonic shopping orientations, and to profile the shopper groups in terms of demographic characteristics and shopping outcomes. The data for this study were collected via online survey in the United States. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the measurement model of shopping orientations. A cluster analysis identified groups of retail store shoppers (n=987) based on shopping orientations. Using Ward’s method in hierarchical clustering procedure, clusters were formed based on five shopping orientations (aesthetic, shopping enjoyment, convenience seeking, sale proneness, and smart shopping). Then, the K-means clustering procedure with the initial seeds provided by the hierarchical analysis solution obtained final clusters. The final clusters were evaluated and compared in terms of demographic characteristics and shopping outcomes. Chi-square analysis compared demographic characteristics (gender, generation, income, number of children, employment status), while ANOVA compared shopping outcomes. The empirical findings reveal that four distinct retail shopper types represent the consumers in the new millennium: Hedonic shoppers, Utilitarian shoppers, Demanding shoppers, and Apathetic shoppers. Hedonic shoppers were found to shop for fun and entertainment and enjoy the atmosphere and interior of the retail store. However, they showed low ratings on both satisfaction and shopping value. They may use shopping trips to experience fun and pleasure in a relaxed time. To capture these consumers' attention, many retailers must focus on hedonic features of the store image that increase arousal (Clifford, 2010). For instance, store décor and unique products that inspire consumers’ curiosity and provide varied experience may be important to these consumers since enjoyment and aesthetic variables are hedonic benefits of shopping (Babin, Darden, and Griffin, 1994; Holbrook and Hirschman, 1982). Consumers in this segment tend to be Gen Y and baby boomers with children. For those consumers who shop with their children, retailers may need to create interactive and pleasant atmosphere to attract both adults and children. Also, retailers can emphasize specific themes (e.g., family-oriented entertainment) to differentiate them from other retailers and to encourage these shoppers to spend more time in the store even after they make a purchase. On the other hand, utilitarian shoppers showed the highest convenience-seeking orientation. Also, they were sale-prone and enjoyed smart shopping. They are largely composed of Gen X and females; however, a fair majority of male consumers are also Utilitarian Shoppers. Utilitarian Shoppers scored highest on both satisfaction and value. To target Utilitarian Shoppers, retailers should emphasize economic benefits including time, effort, and price savings. Thus, sales promotion will appeal to this group, but convenient benefits such as convenient location, ease of parking, expanded store hours, and quick and efficient checkout may encourage them to shop more often. Because they exhibited high levels of shopping values and satisfaction, retailers may easily convert them to loyal customers. Demanding shoppers, the majority of young females, were engaged in all shopping orientation dimensions, reflecting both utilitarian and hedonic benefits of shopping. However, their score on shopping value was the lowest, implying that they may be least likely to be store loyal (Williams, Painter, and Nicholas, 1978). Offering in-store promotions and coupons via mail or newspapers may appeal to these consumers who are highly sale-prone (Garretson and Burton, 2003). Since they tend to be Gen X or Y, highly involved with shopping activities, store events such as contests, sweepstakes, and free gifts may encourage them to try new brands or new stores. Furthermore, everyday low pricing (EDLP) strategies may appeal to them as...
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Neuronal differentiation into specific cell types by neurogenic and epigenetic factors
Yunhee Kim 한국발생생물학회 2012 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.31 No.-
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) with abilities to self-renew and differentiate into neurons are born in the subventricular zone of the hippocampus and the subgranular zone in the adult mammalian brain. NPCs maintain their population by symmetric cell division and neuronal cell differentiation started by asymmetric cell division. Asymmetric cell division produces two daughter cells with different cellular fates. It has been shown that multiple transcription factors, like homeodomain transcription factors and basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors, play cruel role in cell fate determination (Bertrand et al., 2002). Multipotent cortical progenitors are maintained in a proliferative state by bHLH factors including Id and Hes families. The transition from proliferation to neurogenesis involves a coordinate increase in the activity of proneural bHLH factors (Mash1, Neurogenin1, and Neurogenin2). As development proceeds, inhibition of proneural bHLH factors in cortical progenitors promotes the formation of astrocytes. Finally, the formation of oligodendrocytes is triggered by an increase in the activity of bHLH factors Olig1 and Olig2 that may be coupled with a decrease in Id activity. Thus, bHLH factors have key roles in corticogenesis, affecting the timing of differentiation and the specification of cell fate. Hes1 is a vertebrate homologue of the Drosophila bHLH protein Hairy, originally known as a transcriptional repressor that negatively regulates neuronal differentiation. Hes1 expression in neuronal precursors precedes and represses the expression of the neuronal commitment gene Mash1, a bHLH activator homologus to the proneuronal Achaete-Scute genes in Drosophila (Campuzano and Modolell, 1992). Down regulation of Hes1 expression in developing neuroblasts may be necessary for the induction of a regulatory cascade of bHLH activator proteins that controls the commitment and progression of neural differentiation. Expression of Hes1 inhibited neurite outgrowth, whereas Mash1 expression increased neurite outgrowth. Mash1 can induce bipolar neuron differentiation (Tomita et al., 1996) and NSCs culture obtained from Mash1-/- mice cannot differentiate into GBAergic neurons (Oishi et al., 2009) Hes1 is an essential effector for Notch signaling, which regulates the maintenance of undifferentiated cells (Artavanis-Tsakonas et al., 1999). In contrast, it is previously reported that platelet-derived growth factor induces the expression of Mash1 mRNA by regulating the phosphorylation of Hes1 and TLE1 (Ju et al., 2004). Hes1 is required for neuronal differentiation in PDGF treated NSC cultures. The major cell types in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus are the glutamatergic neurons and the GABAergic neurons. Cholinergic neurons are important in spatial learning and memory formation and depleted in patient’s brain of early Alzheimer’s disease. It has not been clear, however, whether new born adult NPCs could generate different cell types of neurons with distinct cellular and physiological properties. During the development, glutamatergic neurons consisting of radially migrating neurons are originated from the ventricular zone of the dorsal telenchephalon (pallium) and give rise to pyramidal neurons. Glutamate and glutamate receptors are involved in cognitive functions by forming major excitatory network. GABAergic neurons in the neocortex and hippocampus are in part migrated from the ventral telenchephalon or from the dorsal NPCs and function as local interneurons by forming inhibitory networks which regulate large populations of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons. During the development, spatiotemporal gene expression regulated by extracellular signaling factors is believed to determine the formation of neuronal phenotypes. Platelet derived growth factor B is known to induce the differentiation into neurons rather than glial cells in the rat NPCs. We found that platelet derived growth factor B is expressed in dorsal cortex and hippocampus more than in ventral cortex in the period of pyramidal cell differentiation of the embryonic rat brain. It indeed induces cell type specific differentiation into glutamatergic cells that produce the glutamate transpoter, vGluT1 and glutamate at the late stage of differentiation although it promotes neuronal differentiation at the early stage in NPCs primarily cultured from the rat embryonic hippocampus. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, however, facilitated GABAergic differentiation in the hippocampal NPCs that generate glutamatergic pyramidal cells in a similar manner. We also found many transcriptional factors such as homeobox genes (Dlx1, Nkx2.1, Pax6) and bHLH genes (NeuroD, Ngn1, Hes1) are involved in cell type specific differentiation into glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic cells. We observed the expression of Pax6, homeodomain transcription factor, and Hes1, bHLH transcription factor, increased during PDGF-induced early differentiation in neural stem cells. These transcription factors, however, are also expressed in differentiated neurons with specific phenotype at late differentiation stage. We found pax6 is expressed in cholinergic neurons in the adult brains and in cultures. Phosphorylation of neurogenic transcription factors by protein kinases has been reported as predominant strategy in gene regulation during neuronal development and these regulated activities of different transcription factors are known to be involved in cell fate determination. Homeodomaininteracting protein kinases2 (HIPK2) which belongs to HIPK family has been identified as a nuclear serine-threonine kinase and is known to interact with several transcription factors to regulate gene transcriptions. Among several transcription factors, HIPK2 is mainly reported to target the homeodomain transcription factors such as Nkx and Pax6. Considering the importance of homeodomain transcription factors in neurogenesis and differentiation, HIPK2 also seem to play critical roles in those transcriptional regulations during embryogenesis. To define the roles of HIPK2 in neuronal differentiation during embryonic development, we investigated the expression patterns of neurogenic transcription factors such as Pax6, Hes1 and Mash1 in HIPK2 overexpressing NSCs. Hes1 showed different expression patterns between the wild type and mutant HIPK2 overexpressed cells and Mash1, which is reported to be repressed by Hes1, also showed altered expression patterns. We detected the mRNA expression of Hes1 is upregulated by HIPK2 during neuronal differentiation. The overexpressed Pax6 induced differentiation of neural stem cells into cholinergic neurons and suppressed differentiation into GABAnergic neuron both in vitro and in vivo transplantation study. To evaluate the effect of Pax6 on the transcriptional activation of Hes1 promoter, we performed luciferase reporter assay in NIH3T3 cells. Reporter expression of Hes1 promoter was enhanced upon stimulation with wild type Pax6 and wild type HIPK2. Furthermore, the HDAC inhibition mediated by TSA(Trichostatin A) has been shown to repress the reporter expression. The treatment of TSA increased neurofilaments and GAD expression in E14.5 cortical neuronal cell. These findings suggest that Pax6 promotes neuronal subtype differentiation via regulation of Hes1 bHLH transcription factor, which is mediated by HDAC. To examine the effect of Pax6 and HIPK2 on the transcriptional activation of Hes1, efficiency of hes1 promoter was measured by a luciferase reporter assay. When DNA constructs encoding Pax6 and HIPK2 were transfected along with Hes1 promoter, the expression of the reporter was highly increased. Furthermore, the HDAC inhibition mediated by TSA(Trichostatin A) repressed the reporter expression. Interaction of Pax6 and HIPK2 was shown by co-immunoprecipitation and binding of Pax6 to hes1 promoter was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation. I also found overexpression of HIPK2 and Pax6 facilitated neural stem cells to differentiate into cholinergic cell fate in NSCs primarily cultured from the rat hippocampus. This is also supported by analysis of the brains of sey/neu Pax6 mutant mice and HIPK2 knock out mice. These findings suggest that Pax6 activation by HIPK2 promotes neuronal subtype differentiation via up regulation of Hes1 and down regulation of Mash1 and it is mediated by HDAC.
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