Mortality Related to Extreme Temperature for 15 Cities in Northeast Asia

Chung, Yeonseung,Lim, Youn-Hee,Honda, Yasushi,Guo, Yue-Liang Leon,Hashizume, Masahiro,Bell, Michelle L.,Chen, Bing-Yu,Kim, Ho Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2015 Epidemiology Vol.26 No.2

BACKGROUND:: Multisite time-series studies for temperature-related mortality have been conducted mainly in the United States and Europe, but are lacking in Asia. This multisite time-series study examined mortality related to extreme temperatures (both cold and hot) in Northeast Asia, focusing on 15 cities of 3 high-income countries. METHODS:: This study includes 3 cities in Taiwan for 1994–2007, 6 cities in Korea for 1992–2010, and 6 cities in Japan for 1972–2009. We used 2-stage Bayesian hierarchical Poisson semiparametric regression to model the nonlinear relationship between temperature and mortality, providing city-specific and country-wide estimates for cold and heat effects. Various exposure time frames, age groups, and causes of death were considered. RESULTS:: Cold effects had longer time lags (5–11 days) than heat effects, which were immediate (1–3 days). Cold effects were larger for cities in Taiwan, whereas heat effects were larger for cities in Korea and Japan. Patterns of increasing effects with age were observed in both cold and heat effects. Both cold and heat effects were larger for cardiorespiratory mortality than for other causes of death. Several city characteristics related to weather or air pollution were associated with both cold and heat effects. CONCLUSIONS:: Mortality increased with either cold or hot temperature in urban populations of high-income countries in Northeast Asia, with spatial variations of effects among cities and countries. Findings suggest that climate factors are major contributors to the spatial heterogeneity of effects in this region, although further research is merited to identify other factors as determinants of variability.

국내 사이버안보법 입법 현황과 제언사항

유인수(Insoo Yu),류연승(Yeonseung Ryu),한주희(Joo-Hee Han),조성경(Sung-Kyung Cho),신혜영(Hye-Yung Shin) 명지대학교 법학연구소 2023 명지법학 Vol.21 No.2

세계적으로 사이버공간에 대한 의존도가 높아지고 국가 배후 사이버공격이 증가하면서 사이버안보가 점차 중요해지고 있다. 특히 방위산업의 경우 국가안보와 밀접하게 연관되어 있을 뿐 아니라 최근 우리의 첨단 국방기술을 탈취하려는 사이버공격이 급증하고 있다는 점에서 더욱 철저한 보호가 필요하다. 사이버공격에 효과적으로 대비하려면 국가차원에서 공공과 민간을 아우르는 포괄적인 대응체계를 수립해야하고, 이를 위해서는 사이버안보법이 필수적이다. 이에 우리나라에서도 2006년부터 10여 차례 사이버안보법이 발의되었으나 번번이 폐기되었다. 본 연구는 사이버공격의 특성과 선행연구 등을 종합하여 사이버안보법이 갖춰야 할 6가지 요건을 제시한다. 이는 사이버공간에 대한 국가안보적 접근, 사이버안보 전담 기관 설치, 사이버안보 유관 기관 간 정보 공유, 지속적인 사이버안보 역량 강화, 국민 기본권 침해 방지 및 국민 참여 유도, 사이버안보 관련 개념 구체화 등이다. 이러한 요건을 토대로 현재 입법 추진 중인 법안들을 평가하고, 바람직한 사이버안보법 제정 방안을 제안한다. 이러한 연구를 통해 국가안보와 방위산업을 효과적으로 보호할 수 있는 사이버안보법이 조속히 제정되는 데 기여하고자 한다. With the continuous development of modern society and economy, the people in the new era have greater aspirations for a better life. Tourism has become a kind of people's spiritual pursuit for a better life. At the same time, with the improvement of people's living standard and the change of consumption concept, the number of people who travel on ice and snow in winter and like ice and snow sports is increasing year by year. Under such an opportunity, the development and utilization of snow and ice resources has been the focus of the central and local governments for many years. The rapid development of our ice and snow industry is supported by the policies of the central and local governments. However, behind the rapid development of ice and snow industry, there are a series of problems and deficiencies that need to be solved urgently. The development of the snow and ice industry should be protected from several aspects--such as: the development and protection of snow and ice resources in accordance with the law, the establishment and improvement of laws and regulations for the development of the mass snow and ice industry, the clarification of the legal status of snow and ice resources, the improvement of the diversified dispute settlement mechanism, and the increase of citizen participation--so that the development and protection of snow and ice resources can achieve a win-win goal of economic and social benefits.

Air Pollution and Suicide in 10 Cities in Northeast Asia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Analysis

Kim, Yoonhee,Ng, Chris Fook Sheng,Chung, Yeonseung,Kim, Ho,Honda, Yasushi,Guo, Yue Leon,Lim, Youn-Hee,Chen, Bing-Yu,Page, Lisa A.,Hashizume, Masahiro Environmental Health Perspectives 2018 Environmental health perspectives Vol.126 No.3

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>There is growing evidence suggesting an association between air pollution and suicide. However, previous findings varied depending on the type of air pollutant and study location.</P><P><B>Objectives:</B></P><P>We examined the association between air pollutants and suicide in 10 large cities in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>We used a two-stage meta-analysis. First, we conducted a time-stratified case-crossover analysis to estimate the short-term association between nitrogen dioxide ([FORMULA OMISSION]), sulfur dioxide ([FORMULA OMISSION]), and particulate matter [aerodynamic diameter [FORMULA OMISSION] ([FORMULA OMISSION]), aerodynamic diameter [FORMULA OMISSION] ([FORMULA OMISSION]), and [FORMULA OMISSION]] and suicide, adjusted for weather factors, day-of-week, long-term time trends, and season. Then, we conducted a meta-analysis to combine the city-specific effect estimates for [FORMULA OMISSION], [FORMULA OMISSION], and [FORMULA OMISSION] across 10 cities and for [FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION] across 3 cities. We first fitted single-pollutant models, followed by two-pollutant models to examine the robustness of the associations.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Higher risk of suicide was associated with higher levels of [FORMULA OMISSION], [FORMULA OMISSION], [FORMULA OMISSION], and [FORMULA OMISSION] over multiple days. The combined relative risks (RRs) were 1.019 for [FORMULA OMISSION] (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.999, 1.039), 1.020 for [FORMULA OMISSION] (95% CI: 1.005, 1.036), 1.016 for [FORMULA OMISSION] (95% CI: 1.004, 1.029), and 1.019 for [FORMULA OMISSION] (95% CI: 1.005, 1.033) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 0–1 d average level of each pollutant. We found no evidence of an association for [FORMULA OMISSION]. Some of the associations, particularly for [FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION], were attenuated after adjusting for a second pollutant.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Our findings suggest that higher levels of air pollution may be associated with suicide, and further research is merited to understand the underlying mechanisms. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2223</P>

활동기반 모형을 이용한 상습 침수 지역의 대피경로 분석

김주영,유연승,이승재,Kim. Jooyoung,Yu. Yeonseung,Lee. Seungjae 한국방재학회 2013 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.13 No.3

최근 기상이변으로 인한 자연재해 피해가 증가하면서 세계적으로 이를 대처하기 위해 대피 시스템 개발, 최적 대피 경로 설정 등의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 상습침수지역의 도로 침수로 인해 도로 기능을 상실하였을 때, 도로 이용자들이 신속하게 대피하고 효율적인 도로교통 운영을 위해 대피경로분석의 방법론을 제시하였다. 분석의 방법은 가구통행실태조사 데이터를 통해 활동자료를 구축하고 이를 인간활동기반 교통수요분석 프로그램인 MATSim(Multi Agent Transportation Simulation)을 활용하여 상습침수지역인 신월지하차도를 분석지역으로 선정하였다. 수도권 가구통행실태조사 데이터 기반의 활동기반모형을 구축하여 침수지역의 통행패턴을 토대로 도로 침수를 가정한 시나리오를 적용하여 도로 침수시 우회교통패턴 및 대피경로 분석을 통해 도시부 도로 대피 경로 설정을 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. Recently, a research on development of evacuation route system is being carried out to handle the natural disaster occurring due to increasing weather abnormality. This paper deals with a methodology for searching evacuation route and effective traffic operation when roads areas are prone to floods. The methodology is that we made activity based model by using household travel survey data and then modeling it by applying a flooding scenario in traffic demand analysis program, MATSim in Ssinwol-dong, Kangseo-Gu, Seoul. Therefore, analysis of the result shows that travel pattern can be known in worst scenario cases. And it will be used effectively in decision making for evacuation route or efficient urban road operation when road area is prone to flood, or flooded.

생물/보건/의학 연구를 위한 비모수 베이지안 통계모형

노희상,박진수,심규석,유재은,정연승,Noh, Heesang,Park, Jinsu,Sim, Gyuseok,Yu, Jae-Eun,Chung, Yeonseung 한국통계학회 2014 응용통계연구 Vol.27 No.6

Nonparametric Bayesian (np Bayes) statistical models are popularly used in a variety of research areas because of their flexibility and computational convenience. This paper reviews the np Bayes models focusing on biomedical research applications. We review key probability models for np Bayes inference while illustrating how each of the models is used to answer different types of research questions using biomedical examples. The examples are chosen to highlight the problems that are challenging for standard parametric inference but can be solved using nonparametric inference. We discuss np Bayes inference in four topics: (1) density estimation, (2) clustering, (3) random effects distribution, and (4) regression. 비모수 베이지안 통계 모형은 그 유연성과 계산의 편리성으로 인해 최근 다양한 분야에서 응용되고 있는데, 본 논문에서는 생물/의학/보건 연구에서 사용되는 비모수 베이지안 통계 모형에 대해서 개괄하였다. 본 논문에서는 비모수 베이지안 통계 모델링에서 핵심적으로 사용되는 확률모형들을 소개하고, 다양한 예제들을 통하여 그 모형들이 어떻게 사용되는지 이해를 돕도록 하였다. 특별히, 논의된 예제들은 모수적 통계 모형으로 고찰하기에는 한계가 있는 연구가설들을 포함하고 있어 모수적 모형의 한계점을 지적하고 비모수적 베이지안 모형의 필요성을 강조하는 것들로 정하였다. 크게 확률밀도함수 추정, 군집분석, 임의효과 분포의 추정, 그리고 회귀분석의 4가지 주제로 분류하여 살펴보았다.