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( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Hyun Woong Lee ),( Yong Soo Kim ),( Ja Kyung Kim ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Young Myoung Moon ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2009 Gut and Liver Vol.3 No.1
Background/Aims: Interferon beta (IFN-β) has been shown to have antiviral activity, and thus could be useful in treating viral infections. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and safety of recombinant IFN-β (IFN-β-1a) plus oral ribavirin versus interferon alpha (IFN-α) plus ribavirin therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Methods: Twenty treatment-naive patients were randomized into two equal-sized treatment groups. Both IFN-β-1a (44μg) and IFN-α (3 MIU) were given subcutaneously three times a week, while ribavirin was given orally at 1,000-1,200 mg/day. Patients were treated for 24 weeks and followed for an additional 24 weeks. Results: After 24 weeks of treatment, six (60%) and four patients (40%) in the IFN-β-1a group and IFN-α groups, respectively, achieved viral clearance. The sustained virological response (SVR) at the end of the observation period was similar in both groups (40%). However, the baseline viral load was significantly higher (p=0.034) in the IFN-β-1a group than in the IFN-α group, and there were more HCV genotype 1 patients in the IFN-β-1a group (eight versus seven). The IFN-β-1a group was associated with similar adverse events in terms of frequency and severity. Conclusions: The SVR rate and safety profile were similar for the combination of IFN-β-1a and ribavirin and that of IFN-α and ribavirin. (Gut and Liver 2009;3:20-25)
HBV : The Fate of Chronic Hepatitis B in the Era of Antiviral Therapy
( Yoon Hea Park ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Ja Kyung Kim ),( Kwan Sik Lee ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), either of which can lead to a liver-related death. The progression of liver disease in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is fostered by active virus replication. Recently, antiviral therapy with minimal side effects have become available to achieve sustained suppression of HBV replication, thereby preventing cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and, ultimately, HCC. The aim of this study is to reappraise the clinical courses regarding disease progression in the era of antiviral therapy for Korean CHB patients who were potential candidates for antiviral therapy. Methods: Between 2001 and 2005, treatment-naive CHB patients without cirrhosis were enrolled and followed-up for at least 5years. During follow-up period, patients have received antiviral therapy according to the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver guideline, if indicated. Ultrasonography and laboratory assessment were performed regularly. Primary endpoints were development of cirrhosis, or hepatic decompensation, HCC, or liver-related deaths, which were examined using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 360 patients, 323 (89.7%) received antiviral therapy such as lamivudine (70.6%), entecavir (8.7%), or telbivudine (6.5%). During a median follow-up period of 94 months, cirrhosis developed in 29 (8.1%) patients, hepatic decompensation in 4 (1.1%) patients, and HCC in 15 (4.2%) patients. The annual incidence of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and HCC were 1.05%, 0.14%, and 0.53% per person-year, respectively. Age was an independent prognostic factor for developing cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.075; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.037-1.116), whereas those for developing HCC were age (HR 1.060, 95% CI 1.012-1.111) and progression to cirrhosis (HR 17.470, 95% CI 5.081-60.063). Conclusions: In the era of antiviral therapy, the overall clinical courses of patients with CHB in Korea have been much improved since the introduction of lamivudine in 1999. However, older age and cirrhosis still remain risk factors for HCC.
Responses of the Jaw Opening Reflex to Eledtroacupuncture in Midbrain Transected Rat
Yoon,Sang-hyub,Min,Byung-il,Nah,Young-seul INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE KYUNG-HEE UNIVERSIT 1996 JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE Vol.1 No.1
1) The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of the meridian Ho-Ku point(electroacupuncture) on the jaw opening reflex in a midbrain transected rat. 2) By electrical stimulation of Ho-Ku at 3 and 100Hz, the amplitude of digastric muscle EMG(dEMG) was maximally suppressed to 49±6.2% and 58±7.5% of control level for 15 and 10 min stimulation, respectively. 3) Similarly, hypothalamic arcuate nucleus stimulation markedly depressed the dEMG activities, suppression rate was 60±7.3% at 100Hz and 50±7.8% at 3Hz after 10 min stimulation 4) After transection of the midbrain, there was no significant change of the digastric muscle activity in not only low frequency but also in high frequency stimulation of the Ho-Ku point in the forepaw. 5) These results suggest that upper brain above the midbrain was necessary for modulation of the inhibitory affect on tooth pulp-evoked jaw opening reflex(JOR).
( Sung Hyub Han ),( Ji Won Byun ),( Won Soo Lee ),( Hoon Kang ),( Yong Chul Kye ),( Ki Ho Kim ),( Do Won Kim ),( Moon Bum Kim ),( Seong Jin Kim ),( Hyung Ok Kim ),( Woo Young Sim ),( Tae Young Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2012 Annals of Dermatology Vol.24 No.3
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disease with genetic predisposition among men and women, and it may commence at any age after puberty. It may significantly affect a variety of psychological and social aspects of one`s life and the individual`s overall quality of life (QoL). Objective: This study aimed to investigate the QoL of AGA patients and discover the factors that can influence the QoL of AGA patients, including previous experience in non-medical hair care, reasons for hospital visits, age, duration, and the severity of AGA. Methods: A total of 998 male patients with AGA were interviewed, using the Hair Specific Skindex-29 to evaluate the QoL of AGA patients. Results: The results of the Hair Specific Skindex-29 on patients with AGA were as follows: symptom scale: 26.3±19.5, function scale: 24.0±20.1, emotion scale: 32.1±21.8, and global score: 27.3±19.1. According to this assessment, QoL was more damaged if the patient had severe alopecia, a longer duration of AGA, younger age, had received previous non-medical hair care, and visited the hospital for AGA treatment. Conclusion: This study showed that AGA could harmfully affect the patients` QoL. These findings indicate that dermatologists should address these QoL issues when treating patients with alopecia.
Case report : Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Mimicking Unresectable Gallbladder Cancer
( Yoon Suk Lee ),( Sang Hyub Lee ),( Min Geun Lee ),( Seung June Lee ),( Jin Hyeok Hwang ),( Eun Shin ),( Yoon Jin Lee ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.5
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a novel dis-ease entity that can involve diverse organs, causing specific diseases, including autoimmune pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystitis, inflammatory aortic aneurysm, and inflammatory pseudotumor. IgG4-related disease is charac-terized by elevated serum IgG4 concentrations, abundant IgG4 lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and dramatic steroid responses. It is clinically important to differentiate this rare disease from primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangio-carcinoma, because the treatment and prognosis of these two diseases are completely different. However, the preoper-ative diagnosis is challenging, and the disease is frequently misdiagnosed. If the serum level of IgG4 is within the normal range, the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease is more difficult. This article reports on a 59-year-old man with IgG4-related disease mimicking unresectable gallbladder cancer with nor-mal serum IgG4 concentrations. (Gut Liver 2013;7:616-620)
( Sung Hoon Choi ),( Bora Jin ),( Sung Ho Yoon ),( Hye Won Lee ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang-hyub Han ),( Jun Yong Park ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Human telomere transferase (hTERT) is expressed during early fetal development and then turned off in most adult tissues, but it becomes reactivated in almost all human cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the exact mechanism regulating these changes in expression remains unknown. We evaluated whether knockdown of hTERT in HCC cell lines inhibits cell cycle and proliferation, and analyzed hTERT-regulating proteins using proteomic analyses. Methods: HCC cell lines were transfected with hTERT small interfering RNA (siTERT) and cultured under normal conditions. Following transfection, the expression levels of hTERT, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and human Kruppel-related 3 (HKR3) were further investigated in the proteomic analysis of hTERT through western blotting, and tumor growth was measured by cell proliferation and cell cycle (PI staining) assays. Results: The upregulation of StAR expression and downregulation of HKR3 expression led to increased hTERT expression and telomerase activity. Inhibition of hTERT by siRNA led to the inhibition of tumor growth. Conclusions: Our results suggested that StAR is positively correlated with telomerase activity, whereas HKR3 may be a negative regulator. Our results facilitate further exploration of the pathways regulating human telomerase activity.
( Sang Myung Woo ),( Sang Hyub Lee ),( Ji Won Yoo ),( Ki Young Yang ),( Jung Gyun Seo ),( Joo Kyung Park ),( Jin Hyeok Hwang ),( Woo Jin Lee ),( Ji Kon Ryu ),( Yong Tae Kim ),( Yong Bum Yoon ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.5
Background/Aims: No standard chemotherapy has been established for advanced gallbladder cancer. The authors studied the activity and tolerability of a gemcitabine and ox-aliplatin (GEMOX) combination in unresectable gallbladder cancer (GBC). Methods: Adult patients with pathologically confirmed unresectable GBC were prospectively recruited at three centers. No patient had received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Patients received cycles of gemcitabine at 1,000 mg/m2 on day 1, followed by oxaliplatin at 100 mg/m2 on day 2, every 2 weeks. The primary study endpoint was time to progression. Results: Forty patients with unresect-able GBC were enrolled. The median age was 60 years (range, 38 to 79 years). All patients showed good performance status. Of the 33 analyzable patients, 12 achieved partial re-sponse (36%), 17 stable disease (52%), and four progressive disease (12%). No patient achieved a complete response. The tumor control rate was 88%. At a median follow-up of 6.8 months, the median time to progression was 5.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7 to 6.9), and median overall survival was 6.8 months (95% CI, 6.1 to 7.5). Nine of the 40 patients (23%) experienced at least a grade-3 adverse event, but no patient experienced a grade-4 adverse event. Conclu-sions: GEMOX combination therapy is a feasible option and is well tolerated in unresectable GBC. (Gut Liver 2013;7:594-598)