汉语的外來洞与韩汉洞汇小考

韓容洙,范開泰 中韓人文科學硏究會 2007 한중인문학연구 Vol.22 No.-

중국어에는 다양한 지역에서 유입된 외래어가 이제는 중국어와 함께 많이 사용되어지고 있다. 고래로 부터 유입된 외래어는 주변국 뿐 아니라 먼 서양의 언어까지 다양하게 포함하고 있어 이것은 지금까지 이루어지고 있는 문화교류의 산물이라고 할 수 있다. 다민족 국가인 중국과 단일민족의 한국은 서로 다른 교류를 통해 그들의 문화를 이루어 왔다. 이런 문화를 유지 발전시키고 있는 요인 가운데 하나가 어휘인데, 양 국가 간의 어휘를 통해 지금 사용하고 있는 어휘가 과연 어디에서 온 것인지를 살펴본다. 동양문화가 이루어 온 융합성 즉 동양문화는 같은 문화권을 형성하고 있으면서 다원적인 관계를 통해 융합하고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 문화의 중요매체인 언어는 물질문화의 성과를 보여주었고 제도와 사상문화를 이루게 하였다. 언어는 문화의 매개물인 메신저 역할을 톡톡히 한다. 때문에 특수한 ‘코드능력’을 가지고 있다. 이런 코드 능력은 사물의 지칭과 사물의 진술을 나타나게 하였고 사람의 감정태도의 표현을 나타나게 하였다. 중국어에는 문화교류의 각도에서 볼 수 있는 많은 외래어가 생겨났다. 그중에는 외부와의 교류가 빈번해지면서 다양한 외래어가 나타났는데 이중에는 한국어 어휘의 사용은 특이할 만 하다. 특히 20세기에 들어서 많은 한국인들의 이동으로 중국에서도 한국어 외래어를 사용하고 있다. 그것은 그 음을 그대로 전달하고 있는 것에서부터 한자음을 전달하는 것 등의 다양한 어휘가 있다. 반대로 한국에서 사용하고 있는 중국어는 예로부터 교류로 인해 그 영향이 많은 바 한국어휘의 대다수인 한자어를 통해 그 언어성분으로 한국어와 비교해 본다. 중국어에서의 한국어와 한국어에서의 중국어의 연구는 문화언어교류의 언어비교연구를 넘어서 비교언어학의 방법을 통해 연구해야 할 것이다. 지금까지 한중양국의 학자들은 이 문제에 대해 연구가 부족했기에 앞으로 이것을 기점으로 다양한 관점에서의 분석과 토론이 이루어지리라 여긴다. Korea and China, Both countries differ from the kind of their national races, one has composed of one racial group, another has composed of many multiracial groups. Their cultures have been well developed in their own ways. When being considered in one of the driving forces of their growth, it would be found in the fact that they have been using their own languages with many vocabularies. This paper focuses on the commonness and diversity in their vocabularies in order better to understand their cultures. The eastern cultures in both Korea and China have drawn the same cultual boundary that made their cultures constituted the harmonious union for a long time. The cultural interchange between two nations was very activated so that it could be deeply related and communicated in various directions. The Language as an expression of human being is one of the medium of communication with different cultures. Language also has shown the consequence of material civilization and pushed forward the advance in cultures. Language playes an important role in a medium to have the communication among the diversities. It has the great capability to be appeared in accordance among people's different minds and opinions. It is called 'Code ability' that makes it possible to have the generalization driven from the particularity. The Code ability accompanied with language could designate things, objectify the phenomenon around the world, and express in human's feeling and mind. Chinese language happened the form of words from foreign languages through the process in cultural exchange. The use of Korean in modern china has peculiar characteristics in the vocabularies due to an inflow of Korean people in the 20th century. There are the variety from the pronunciation to the expression in Chinese characters. Korean language in the other side had been influenced by Chinese because of the exchange in several sides during the long term of the relationship. This paper aims at the comparison between two languages in an approach from the angle of vision with the analysis of components in vocabulary. The study on the vocabulary in Korean and Chinese should be done by the method of comparative philology. So far, the linguists in both countries has neglected the problem on this. Therefore, the study has to make the progress in the various ways of the dispute and analysis with comparative philology.

國內 TV廣告에 나타난 映像效果의 逆機能

이명희,변용환 동의공업대학 2001 論文集 Vol.27 No.1

Now a days TV media are evaluated as the most determined communication methods. But the social pathological effects are actualized at the TV advertising even though there are some kinds of positive things. In fact today's advertising are thought as the struggle marketing strategy not as the simple competition. Especially TV advertising remind us of speed-wars because of the attributes that value every seconds, flowery images and ultra-modern CG effects. These phenomena are caused by the sponsors who think the advertising as the means for money making. Furthermore the shocking advertising images have made for mental and cultural abnormal phenomena such as excessive consumption, exaggeration and vague idolization of famous entertainers. Therefore we have present the minimization ways of image malfunctions appeared at the TV advertising and the ways for the recovery of intrinsic image culture in this paper.

Inactivation of recombinant human brain-type creatine kinase during denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride in a macromolecular crowding system.

Fan, Yong-Qiang,Liu, Hong-Jian,Li, Chang,Luan, Yu-Shi,Yang, Jun-Mo,Wang, Yu-Long Humana Press 2013 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.169 No.1

<P>In this study, we quantitatively examined the effects of the macromolecular crowding agents, polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG 2000) and dextran 70, on guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl)-induced denaturation of recombinant human brain-type creatine kinase (rHBCK). Our results showed that both PEG 2000 and dextran 70 had a protective effect on the inactivation of rHBCK induced by 0.5 M GdnHCl at 25 C. The presence of 200 g/L PEG 2000 resulted in the retention of 35.33 % of rHBCK activity after 4 h of inactivation, while no rHBCK activity was observed after denaturation in the absence of macromolecular crowding agents. The presence of PEG 2000 and dextran 70 at a concentration of 100 g/L could decelerate the k (2) value of the slow track to 21 and 33 %, respectively, in comparison to values obtained in the absence of crowding agents. Interestingly, inactivation of rHBCK in the presence of 200 g/L PEG 2000 followed first-order monophasic kinetics, with an apparent rate constant of 8??10(-5)?s(-1). The intrinsic fluorescence results showed that PEG 2000 was better than dextran 70 at stabilizing rHBCK conformation. In addition, the results of the phase diagram indicate that more intermediates may be captured when rHBCK is denatured in a macromolecular crowding system. Mixed crowding agents did not produce better results than single crowding agents, but the protective effects of PEG 2000 on the inactivation and unfolding of rHBCK tended to increase as the ratio of PEG 2000 increased in the mixed crowding agent solution. Though it is not clear which crowding agents more accurately simulated the intracellular environment, this study could lead to a better understanding of protein unfolding in the intracellular environment.</P>

Control over the Preferred Orientation of CIGS Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering Using a Wetting Layer

Yong Yan,Fan Jiang,Lian Liu,Zhou Yu,Yong Zhang,Yong Zhao 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.1

A growth method is presented to control the preferred orientation inchalcopyrite CuInxGa1-xSe2 (CIGS) thin films grown by magnetronsputtering. Films with (220/204) and (112) preferred orientation aswell as randomly oriented films were prepared. The effects of anIn2Se3 wetting layer and the working pressure on the texture transitionphenomena were examined. A large-grained CIGS film with (220/204) texture was formed at 400°C with the inclusion of a thin (80 nm)In2Se3 layer and liquid phase (excess copper selenide phase)formation, and the reaction mechanism is proposed. The devicedeposited at 2.0 Pa on an In2Se3 layer exhibited the optimal electricalproperties.

Evaluation of the incidence of esophageal complications associated with balloon dilation and their management in patients with malignant esophageal strictures.

Fan, Yong,Song, Ho-Young,Kim, Jin Hyoung,Park, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Jinoo,Jung, Hwoon-Yong,Kim, Sung-Bae,Lee, Heuiran American Roentgen Ray Society, etc.] 2012 American Journal of Roentgenology Vol.198 No.1

<P>The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of esophageal complications associated with balloon dilation and their management in patients with malignant esophageal strictures.</P>

IL-35 Over-expression is Associated with Genesis of Gastric Cancer

Fan, Yong-Gang,Zhai, Jing-Ming,Wang, Wei,Feng, Bing,Yao, Guo-Liang,An, Yan-Hui,Zeng, Chao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Overexpression of interleukin (IL)-35 has been found in a variety of malignancies, but the expression status in gastric cancer has yet to be elucidated clearly. In the present study, positive expression of EBI3 and p35 was 63.3% and 70.0% of cases, respectively. EBI3 expression was strongly related with larger tumor size and invasion depth (P<0.05). Similarly, expression of p35 was also correlated with larger tumor size (P<0.05). These results indicate that IL-35 might be involved in growth of gastric cancer. Interestingly, EBI3 and p35 expressions were positive correlated with Ki-67 expression. Moreover, EBI3 immunoreactivity was associated with Bcl-2 staining. Our data suggest IL-35 is correlated with genesis of gastric cancer by regulating growth and apoptosis.

The Study of Product Availability in a Dual-channel Distribution Supply Chain with (Q, R) Policy of Retailer

Fan He-hua,Zhou Yong-wei 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.7 No.6

The paper focus on the supply chain model with a single product in electronic and retail channel, only a supplier and a retailer in system, customers have alternatives to choose the channel that is better suited to their needs, some of them may alternatively switch to the other channel when a stock-out occurs in their preferred channel. Supplier and retailer implement one-for-one and (Q, R) ordering policies respectively to replenish their inventories. We set up the profit model of supply chain by Markov process, and study the product availability of supply chain. The result shows that the stock-out based substitution rate may increase or decrease the efficiency of decentralized supply chain; the centralized supply chain can adjust the based-stock levels timely to different stock-out based substitution rate and benefit from it, the supplier and retailer in a decentralized supply chain are more inattentive to customers’ stock-out based substitution rate, and prone to lose their benefits.

Optimized Transformation of Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 Producing Leptomycin by Electroporation

Yong-Qiang Fan,Hong-Jian Liu,Li Yan,Yu-Shi Luan,Hai-Meng Zhou,Jun-Mo Yang,Shang-Jun Yin,Yu-Long Wang 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3

Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 produces leptomycin derivatives. Leptomycin B, a potent and specific inhibitor against the export of nuclear proteins, is the main product; however, the introduction of DNA into this strain is almost impossible, which has impeded its further use. We developed a Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 transformation protocol to introduce foreign DNA via electroporation. Various conditions were examined, including treatments of the cell wall with weakening agents, electroporation parameters, and DNA content. We found that only plasmid DNA isolated from a dam- ET12567 strain resulted in successful transformation. The mycelium growing in a yeast-peptone-dextrose medium supplemented with 1% glycine at 28°C on a rotary shaker (220 rpm) was more dispersed than those without supplementation and prone to electroporation. The maximum transformation efficiency of 8×102 CFU/μg plasmid DNA was obtained at a field strength of 13 kV/cm with a time constant of 13 ms (25-μF capacitor; parallel resistance, 600 Ω) using 1-mm electrocuvettes. The results of the transformations of two other Streptomyces species indicated that the optimized conditions established in this study might only be applicable to Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366. However, this is the first report of successful transformation of Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366, and will facilitate the construction of a gene knockout mutant in Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 to produce series of new leptomycin derivatives.

Research on the Accessibility of Urban Green Space Based on Road Network- A Case Study of the Park Green Space in City Proper of Nanjing

Fan, Yong,Zhao, Ming-yuan,Ma, Lin,Zhao, Lan-yong Institute of Forest Science 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.1

Accessibility of urban green space, as an important index of evaluating the service level of urban green space, not only shows the resident's access to green space, but also reflects the environment quality of urban living. Since the quantity, area and space distribution of the patches in urban green space directly affect the function of urban green space and the quality of urban environment, the research on the accessibility of urban green space holds great significance to improve the service of urban green space and the living environment quality. Based on GIS software, this research uses the road network and the population distribution data of Nanjing's city proper to conduct quantitative analysis of the accessibility of park green space and the convenience for residents to travel under different forms of transportation. After the case analysis, the author tests the application of road network in studying the accessibility of urban park green space and proposes a GIS-based method to study the accessibility and the rational layout of urban green space.

Adaptive Fuzzy Control with Compressors and Limiters for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

Yong-Qing Fan,Yin-He Wang,Yun Zhang,Qin-Ruo Wang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2013 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.11 No.3

This paper proposes a novel adaptive fuzzy control design for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems. The definition of compressor and limiter with adjustable parameters is introduced at beginning, and then updated laws of parameters of the compressor and estimate values of fuzzy approximation accuracies are utilized to synthesize stable adaptive controllers. The most advantage of designing adaptive fuzzy controller is neglectful of the logic structure of fuzzy logic systems, which make de-signer focus on parameters of the compressor, limiter and fuzzy approximation accuracies. This adap-tive fuzzy control method can not only reduce the number of on-line updated parameters but also guarantee states of the closed-loop system to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme in this paper.