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        Whey Protein Concentrate, Pullulan, and Trehalose as Thermal Protective Agents for Increasing Viability of Lactobacillus plantarum Starter by Spray Drying

        Haiyue Sun,Xiaoman Hua,Minghao Zhang,Yu Wang,Yiying Chen,Jing Zhang,Chao Wang,Yuhua Wang 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.1

        It is necessary to add protective agents for protecting the probiotic viability in the preparation process of probiotics starter. In this study, we used whey protein concentrate (WPC), pullulan, trehalose, and sodium glutamate as the protective agent and optimized the proportion of protective agent and spray-drying parameters to achieve the best protective effect on Lactobacillus plantarum. Moreover, the viable counts of L. plantarum in starter stored at different temperatures (–20℃, 4℃, and 25℃) for 360 days were determined. According to response surface method (RSM), the optimal proportion of protective agent was 24.6 g/L WPC, 18.8 g/L pullulan, 16.7 g/L trehalose and 39.3 g/L sodium glutamate. The optimum spray-drying parameters were the ratio of bacteria to protective agents 3:1 (v: v), the feed flow rate 240 mL/h, and the inlet air temperature 115℃ through orthogonal test. Based on the above results, the viable counts of L. plantarum was 12.22±0.27 Log CFU/g and the survival rate arrived at 85.12%. The viable counts of L. plantarum stored at –20℃ was more than 1010 CFU/g after 200 days.

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        The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cervical cancer

        Mengdi He,Yiying Wang,Guodong Zhang,Kankan Cao,Moran Yang,Haiou Liu 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.3

        Objective: To predict the prognosis of cervical cancer, we constructed a novel model with 5specific cell types and identified a potential biomarker. Methods: We employed CIBERSORT and xCell method to evaluate the abundances of 23cells types in tumor microenvironment. Five specific cell types were filtrated to determinedifferent immunotypes by applying least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)Cox regression method. The expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs) and effectors werevalidated by immunohistochemistry. Correlation analysis was performed to examine therelevance between PIK3CA mutational status and ICPs. Results: Unsupervised clustering of patients on the basis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytesand fibroblasts identified patients with shorter overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio[HR]=3.0729; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.5103–6.2522; p=0.0118). An immunoscore(IS) signature consisting of 5 immune cell types infiltrating in tumor core (CD8T, activatedNK cells, neutrophils, activated mast cells, macrophages) was constructed using LASSO Coxregression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed that the area underthe curve of IS was significantly higher to that of International Federation of Gynecology andObstetrics staging alone (0.637 vs. 0.55). Survival analysis revealed patients in high IS groupexhibited a poorer OS (HR=3.0113; 95% CI=1.8746–4.8373; p<0.0001). The multivariateanalysis indicated the IS was an independent prognostic factor. In addition, the lower ISrelated to higher expression of ICPs and neoantigen load. Conclusions: The identification of IS in cervical cancer tissues could facilitate patient riskstratification and selection of immunotherapeutic responses, but more prospective studiesare needed to assess its reliability.

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        Research on High-Frequency Isolation Type of Dual-PWM Variable Frequency Speed Regulation

        Liu Jiangong,Liu Wenzhuang,Wang Yiying,Zhang Guilin,Chen Longfei 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.4

        Frequency converters are widely used in power grids, motor speed regulation, and other fields. When the voltage level is above low voltage and the workspace is limited, traditional frequency converters mostly adopt the power frequency transformer to connect to the power grid. But the structure has the problems of bigger volume and complexity. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a three-stage topology structure of high-frequency isolation type of dual-PWM variable frequency speed regulation based on three-phase rectification, single active isolated DC/DC converter, and three-phase inverter, and analyzes its power transmission characteristics in detail. And a new method that combines high-frequency electrical isolation and frequency conversion is discussed. Then, the control strategies of the new method are also described. Lastly, simulation and experiment are constructed to verify the new design method is correct and feasible, and that the steady and dynamic characteristics of the three-stage high-frequency isolated frequency converter are better.

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