Whey Protein Concentrate, Pullulan, and Trehalose as Thermal Protective Agents for Increasing Viability of Lactobacillus plantarum Starter by Spray Drying

Haiyue Sun,Xiaoman Hua,Minghao Zhang,Yu Wang,Yiying Chen,Jing Zhang,Chao Wang,Yuhua Wang 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.1

It is necessary to add protective agents for protecting the probiotic viability in the preparation process of probiotics starter. In this study, we used whey protein concentrate (WPC), pullulan, trehalose, and sodium glutamate as the protective agent and optimized the proportion of protective agent and spray-drying parameters to achieve the best protective effect on Lactobacillus plantarum. Moreover, the viable counts of L. plantarum in starter stored at different temperatures (–20℃, 4℃, and 25℃) for 360 days were determined. According to response surface method (RSM), the optimal proportion of protective agent was 24.6 g/L WPC, 18.8 g/L pullulan, 16.7 g/L trehalose and 39.3 g/L sodium glutamate. The optimum spray-drying parameters were the ratio of bacteria to protective agents 3:1 (v: v), the feed flow rate 240 mL/h, and the inlet air temperature 115℃ through orthogonal test. Based on the above results, the viable counts of L. plantarum was 12.22±0.27 Log CFU/g and the survival rate arrived at 85.12%. The viable counts of L. plantarum stored at –20℃ was more than 1010 CFU/g after 200 days.

ADAPTIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Yan Sun,Changgao Xia,Bifeng Yin,Yingxiao Yu,Jiangyi Han,Haiyu Gao 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.5

The energy management strategy (EMS) can efficiently split the power among different sources for a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV). This paper puts forward how to cooperate with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as the primary energy source, and a ultracapacitor as the auxiliary energy storage. Firstly, the test bench of fuel cell is built and the characteristic of fuel cell is tested. A model of vehicle is built in AMESim software based on the real parameters of vehicle especially the characteristic of fuel cell. Secondly, the traditional power following strategy is introduced and an optimal energy management strategy is proposed. The demand power is decomposed by quadratic utility function (QUF) and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition. In order to balance the vehicle economy and durability of fuel cell, the multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm (MOABC) and pareto solution set are used to solve the optimal balance coefficient in the algorithm. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional strategy under one WLTP driving cycle, the novel strategy can reduce the fuel cell degradation by 25.08 %, and the equivalent hydrogen consumption can be also reduced.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus Granules Dose-Dependently Balance Intestinal Microbiome Disorders and Ameliorate Chronic Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury

Zelin Gu,Yanfeng Wu,Yu Wang,Haiyue Sun,Ying You,Chunhong Piao,Junmei Liu,Yuhua Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.2

As the functions of Lactobacilli become better understood, there are increasing numbers of applications for Lactobacillus products. Previously, we have demonstrated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can prevent alcoholic liver injury. LGG granules were produced by fluid bed granulation with a media composed of starch, skimmed milk powder, whey powder, microcrystalline cellulose and maltose, and LGG fermented liquid that comprised 30–50% of the total weight. We found LGG granules dose-dependently protected against chronic alcoholic liver disease. When alcohol was consumed for 8 weeks with LGG treatment during the last 2 weeks, we demonstrated that the dose dependence of LGG granules can improve alcohol-induced liver injury through decreasing the levels of lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum and prevent liver steatosis by suppressing triglyceride, free fatty acid, and malondialdehyde production in liver. Alcohol feeding caused a decline in the number of both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, with a proportional increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens in ileum, and expansion of the Gram-negative bacteria Proteobacteria, Campylobacterales, and Helicobacter in cecum. However, LGG granule treatment restored the content of these microorganisms. In conclusion, LGG granule supplementation can improve the intestinal microbiota, reduce the number of gram-negative bacteria, and ameliorate alcoholic liver injury.

Antioxidant activity and metabolic regulation of sodium salicylate on goat sperm at low temperature

Shen Wenzheng,Fu Yu,Bai Haiyu,Zhang Zhiyu,Cao Zhikun,Liu Zibo,Yang Chao,Sun Shixin,Wang Lei,Ren Chunhuan,Ling Ying-hui,Zhang Zi Jun,Cao Hongguo 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of sodium salicylate (SS) on semen preservation and metabolic regulation in goats. Methods: Under the condition of low temperature, SS was added to goat semen diluent to detect goat sperm motility, plasma membrane, acrosome, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and metabonomics. Results: The results show that at the 8th day of low-temperature storage, the sperm motility of the 20 μM SS group was 66.64%, and the integrity rates of the plasma membrane and acrosome were both above 60%, significantly higher than those of the other groups. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the sperm of the 20 μM SS group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the contents of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were significantly lower than those in the control group, the MMP was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the contents of Ca2+ and total cholesterol were significantly higher than those in the control group. Through metabonomics analysis, there were significant metabolic differences between the control group and the 20 μM SS group. Twenty of the most significant metabolic markers were screened, mainly involving five metabolic pathways, of which nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolic pathways were the most significant. Conclusion: The results indicate that SS can effectively improve the low-temperature preservation quality of goat sperm.

Effect on Viability of Microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus with the Whey Proteinpullulan Gels in Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions and Properties of Gels

Minghao Zhang,Dan Cai,Qiumei Song,Yu Wang,Haiyue Sun,Chunhong Piao,Hansong Yu,Junmei Liu,Jingsheng Liu,Yuhua Wang 한국축산식품학회 2019 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) has low resistance to low pH and bile salt in the gastrointestinal juice. In this study, the gel made from whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pullulan (PUL) was used as the wall material to prepare the microencapsulation for LGG protection. The gelation process was optimized and the properties of gel were also determined. The results showed the optimal gel was made from 10% WPC and 8.0% PUL at pH 7.5, which could get the best protective effect; the viable counts of LGG were 6.61 Log CFU/g after exposure to simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and 9.40 Log CFU/g to simulated intestinal juice (SIJ) for 4 h. Sodium dodecyl sulphite polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed that the WPC-PUL gel had low solubility in SGJ, but dissolved well in SIJ, which suggested that the gel can protect LGG under SGJ condition and release probiotics in the SIJ. Moreover, when the gel has highest hardness and water-holding capacity, the viable counts of LGG were not the best, suggesting the relationship between the protection and the properties of the gel was non-linear.

China Consensus Document on Allergy Diagnostics

Chen Hao,Li Jing,Cheng Lei,Gao Zhongshan,Lin Xiaoping,Zhu Rongfei,Yang Lin,Tao Ailin,Hong Haiyu,Tang Wei,Guo Yinshi,Huang Huaiqiu,Sun Jinlyu,Lai He,Lei Cheng,Liu Guanghui,Xiang Li,Chen Zhuanggui,Ma Ha 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.2

The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically in recent years in China, affecting the quality of life in 40% of the population. The identification of allergens is the key to the diagnosis of allergic diseases. Presently, several methods of allergy diagnostics are available in China, but they have not been standardized. Additionally, cross-sensitization and co-sensitization make allergy diagnostics even more complicated. Based on 4 aspects of allergic disease (mechanism, diagnosis procedures, allergen detection in vivo and in vitro as well as the distribution map of the most important airborne allergens in China) and by referring to the consensus of the European Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the World Allergy Organization, and the important literature on allergy diagnostics in China in recent years, we drafted this consensus of allergy diagnostics with Chinese characteristics. It aims to standardize the diagnostic methods of allergens and provides a reference for health care givers. The current document was prepared by a panel of experts from the main stream of professional allergy associations in China.