Ginsenoside Rk1 ameliorates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrative stress and apoptosis

Hu, Jun-Nan,Xu, Xing-Yue,Li, Wei,Wang, Yi-Ming,Liu, Ying,Wang, Zi,Wang, Ying-Ping The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Frequent overdose of paracetamol (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of ginsenoside Rk1 on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the first time. Methods: Mice were treated with Rk1 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per d for 7 d. On the 7th d, allmice treated with 250mg/kg APAP exhibited severeliverinjury after 24 h, and hepatotoxicitywas assessed. Results: Our results showed that pretreatment with Rk1 significantly decreased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ compared with the APAP group. Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were elevated compared with the APAP group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde was observed in the ginsenoside Rk1-treated group compared with the APAP group. These effects were associated with a significant increase of cytochrome P450 E1 and 4-hydroxynonenal levels in liver tissues. Moreover, ginsenoside Rk1 supplementation suppressed activation of apoptotic pathways by increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax protein expression levels, which was shown using western blotting analysis. Histopathological observation also revealed that ginsenoside Rk1 pretreatment significantly reversed APAP-induced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Biological indicators of nitrative stress, such as 3-nitrotyrosine, were also inhibited after pretreatment with Rk1 compared with the APAP group. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms in the hepatoprotection of ginsenoside Rk1 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidation, antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antinitrative effects.

Ginsenoside Rk1 ameliorates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrative stress and apoptosis

Jun-Nan Hu,Xing-Yue Xu,Wei Li,Yi-Ming Wang,Ying Liu,Zi Wang,Ying-Ping Wang 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Frequent overdose of paracetamol (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of ginsenoside Rk1 on APAPinduced hepatotoxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the first time. Methods: Micewere treated with Rk1 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per d for 7 d. On the 7th d, all mice treatedwith250mg/kgAPAPexhibitedsevere liver injuryafter24h, andhepatotoxicitywas assessed. Results: Our results showed that pretreatment with Rk1 significantly decreased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-1b compared with the APAPgroup.Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase andglutathione,were elevated compared with the APAP group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde was observed in the ginsenoside Rk1-treated group compared with the APAP group. These effectswere associatedwith a significant increase of cytochromeP450 E1 and 4-hydroxynonenal levels in liver tissues. Moreover, ginsenoside Rk1 supplementation suppressed activation of apoptotic pathways by increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax protein expression levels, which was shown using western blotting analysis.Histopathological observation also revealed that ginsenoside Rk1 pretreatment significantly reversed APAP-induced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Biological indicators of nitrative stress, such as 3-nitrotyrosine, were also inhibited after pretreatment with Rk1 compared with the APAP group. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms in the hepatoprotection of ginsenoside Rk1 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidation, antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antinitrative effects.

Pelvic Solitary Plasmacytoma: Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings with Histopathologic Correlation

Ying Wang,Xiu-Liang Zhu,Mohamad Wasil Peeroo,Zi-Hua Qian,Dan Shi,Shu-Mei Wei,Ri-Sheng Yu 대한영상의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.16 No.1

To describe the imaging features of pelvic solitary plasmacytoma and to correlate them with the pathologic grade. A retrospective study was performed on the imaging features of 10 patients with a histological diagnosis of pelvic solitary plasmacytoma. The imaging studies were assessed for bone expansion, cortical destruction, signal intensity/density of soft tissue mass and enhancement manifestations, which were then correlated to the pathologic grade. The imaging features of pelvic solitary plasmacytoma revealed 3 different types: multilocular type (n = 5), unilocular type (n = 2) and complete osteolytic destruction type (n = 3) on computed tomography and MRI. Pathologically, the tumors were classified into low, intermediate and high grades. Features such as multilocular change, perilesional osteosclerosis, slight expansion, local bone cortex disruptions and masses inside bone destruction, often suggest a low-grade solitary plasmacytoma; complete osteolytic destruction, huge soft tissue mass, and osseous defects imply a higher pathologic grade. Pelvic solitary plasmacytoma has various imaging manifestations, while a slight expansile osteolytic feature with multilocular change or homogeneous enhancement highly suggests its diagnosis. The distinctive imaging features of pelvic solitary plasmacytoma are well correlated to the pathologic grade.

The Relative Efficiency of Container Terminals in Small and Medium-Sized Ports in China

Zi-Yao DING,Geon-Sik JO,Ying WANG,여기태 한국해운물류학회 2015 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.31 No.2

The promotion of domestic consumption in China will gradually ramp up the small and medium-sized port container industry, and this will require greater port efficiency and an updated development strategy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate operational and productivity efficiency change in 21 coastal small and medium sized-port container terminals in China. The first step was carried out using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index (MPI), and the factors affecting productivity efficiency change were then estimated and quantified using Tobit regression. The empirical results indicate that the most efficient terminals are the Rizhao and Lianyungang port terminals. Furthermore, the terminals that hold a share of more than 50% of Chinese state-owned shipping line show the highest increase in productivity efficiency change. Lastly, the results indicate manpower structure; Chinese state-owned shipping line shareholding; registered capital; and shipping routes have positive effect and the factor, number of terminal operators, have a negative correlation.

The Antitumor Effects of Selenium Compound Na5SeV5O18?3H2O in K562 Cell

Jun-Ying Yang,Zi-Ren Wang 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.10

Simulation on hysteresis characteristic of squeeze mode magneto-rheological damper based on non-convex constitutive relation

Fan Wang,Zi-Xiang Ying,Lin-Xiang Wang 한국유변학회 2021 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.33 No.3

Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluid is a controllable material upon the applied magnetic field, and various MR dampers with different structures are designed to take advantage of this unique property. In the current paper, the squeeze mode MR damper is analyzed. The two-dimensional MR fluid squeeze flow in the damper is simulated using the Navier–Stokes’ equations. The shear stress of MR fluid is characterized by a non-convex constitutive relation, which is capable of capturing the solid-like to liquid-like switching. The two-dimensional velocity field and pressure distribution of MR fluid are obtained, from which the damping force of the MR damper is obtained. The unique hysteresis characteristic of the force versus velocity relation of the MR damper is captured. Further, the dependence on the loading rate and the field strength of the hysteresis characteristic is studied in the current paper.

Advances in the Early Detection of Lung Cancer using Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds: From Imaging to Sensors

Li, Wang,Liu, Hong-Ying,Jia, Zi-Ru,Qiao, Pan-Pan,Pi, Xi-Tian,Chen, Jun,Deng, Lin-Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1.37 million people died of lung cancer all around the world in 2008, occupying the first place in all cancer-related deaths. However, this number might be decreased if patients were detected earlier and treated appropriately. Unfortunately, traditional imaging techniques are not sufficiently satisfactory for early detection of lung cancer because of limitations. As one alternative, breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may reflect the biochemical status of the body and provide clues to some diseases including lung cancer at early stage. Early detection of lung cancer based on breath analysis is becoming more and more valued because it is non-invasive, sensitive, inexpensive and simple. In this review article, we analyze the limitations of traditional imaging techniques in the early detection of lung cancer, illustrate possible mechanisms of the production of VOCs in cancerous cells, present evidence that supports the detection of such disease using breath analysis, and summarize the advances in the study of E-noses based on gas sensitive sensors. In conclusion, the analysis of breath VOCs is a better choice for the early detection of lung cancer compared to imaging techniques. We recommend a more comprehensive technique that integrates the analysis of VOCs and non-VOCs in breath. In addition, VOCs in urine may also be a trend in research on the early detection of lung cancer.

Vγ1+ γδT Cells Are Correlated With Increasing Expression of Eosinophil Cationic Protein and Metalloproteinase-7 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Inducing the Formation of Edema

Luo-ying Yang,Xia Li,Wen-ting Li,Jian-cong Huang,Zhi-yuan Wang,Zi-zhen Huang,Li-hong Chang,Ge-hua Zhang 대한천식알레르기학회 2017 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.9 No.2

Purpose: We have found that expression of γδT cells is increased in pathological mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared with normal nasal mucosa. This increase is correlated with the infiltration of eosinophils in CRSwNP. Here, we investigated the expression of γδT cells, inflammation and tissue remodeling factors as well as their probable relationships in different types of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in China. Methods: A total of 76 surgical tissue samples that included 43 CRSwNP samples (15 eosinophilic and 28 non-eosinophilic), 17 CRS samples without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 16 controls were obtained. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of Vγ1+ γδT cells, Vγ4+ γδT cells, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), interleukin (IL)-8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-4 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the protein level of ECP and MMP-7 in CRSwNP. The eosinophils were counted and the level of edema was analyzed with HE staining. Results: The mRNA expression levels of the Vγ1 subset, ECP and MMP-7 were significantly increased in CRSwNP with histological characteristics of eosinophilic infiltration and edema. The expression of the Vγ1 gene in CRSwNP correlated positively with the expression of both ECP and MMP-7. No significant decreases in the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β2, TIMP-4 or HIF-1α were observed in the CRSwNP samples. The expression levels of Vγ1 gene, ECP and MMP-7 were significantly increased in eosinophilic CRSwNP compared to non-eosinophilic CRSwNP. Conclusions: Our results suggest the associations between Vγ1+ γδT cells, ECP and MMP-7 in CRSwNP, indicating that Vγ1+ γδT cells can induce the eosinophilic inflammation, which has a further effect on the formation of edema.

중국 인터넷 플랫폼에서의 화예디자인 상업사진 활성화를 위한 분석

왕즈웨 ( Wang Zi Yue ),김유선 ( Kim Yoo Sun ),김영화 ( Jin Ying Hua ),김샛별 ( Kim Saet Byul ) 한국화예디자인학회 2024 한국화예디자인학 연구 Vol.50 No.0

본 연구의 목적은 최근 빠른 성장세를 보이고 있는 중국의 인터넷 플랫폼에서 화예디자인 상업사진 활성화 방안을 모색하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 중국 인터넷 플랫폼상 상업사진 조형 특성과 중국을 포함한 다른 국가의 인터넷 플랫폼에서 성공을 한 신진 작가들 작품의 조형적 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 중국 상업사진의 제작 방법과 표현 방법으로 나누어 그 특징을 분석할 수 있었다. 중국 인터넷 플랫폼에서 화예디자인 상업사진 활성화를 위한 요소들의 타당성을 살펴보고자 소비자 설문과 전문가 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 소비자 설문의 분석 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 구매행위에서 인터넷 플랫폼의 영향으로 소비자의 쇼핑방법과 구매인지 스타일이 변화하였다. 둘째, 상업사진은 인터넷 플랫폼의 구매 결정에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이다. 셋째, 마케팅 방법 측면에서 다양한 마케팅 운영 방법은 소비자의 구매 결정에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 중국 인터넷 플랫폼 상의 화예디자인 상업사진 발전을 위한 내용들을 제안하고자 한다. 첫째, 다양한 디지털 기술을 상업촬영 분야에 응용하여 전통적인 필름 촬영의 한계성을 극복하고 창작성과 표현 형식을 더욱 풍부하게 발휘해야 한다. 둘째, 비주얼 요소에서 다른 분야와의 융합적인 표현을 통하여 창의성 및 개성 있는 촬영 작품을 제작하고, 간결하고 정확하게 상품의 정보를 소비자들에 전달해야 한다. 소비자들의 관심을 끌고 심미적인 즐거움 전달을 비롯하여 구매로 이어지도록 한다. 화예디자인 상업사진은 형식과 내용, 실용성과 예술성이 결합되어야 한다. 전통적인 화예디자인 상업사진은 현재 인터넷플랫폼에서 대처하기 어려운 점이 있기 때문에 기술적으로 발전하고 다양한 분야와 융합된 화예디자인 상업사진이 인터넷 플랫폼에서 그 영향력을 더욱 확장 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 중국 화예디자인 상업사진 분야 발전을 위한 기초자료를 마련했다는 점에 의의가 있으며 추후에 이 결과를 바탕으로 다른 분야와의 융복합적인 연구가 이어져야 할 것이다. The characteristics of commercial pictures on the network platform in China were analyzed and successful new photographers on the network platform in many countries, including China, were investigated to propose a scheme to activate floral design commercial pictures on the platform. The results are divided into the production and performance methods of commercial photography in China. We conducted expert interviews with consumers to observe the feasibility of activating elements of commercial pictures on the Chinese network platform. The analysis results of the consumer questionnaire are as follows: First, in terms of purchase behavior, consumers’ shopping methods and purchase cognitive styles have changed due to the impact of the network platform. Second, commercial photography is an important factor affecting purchase decisions on the online platform. Third, in terms of marketing methods, varied marketing operation methods will have a positive impact on consumers’ purchase decisions. This study proposes some suggestion or the development of commercial photography in China. 1) Apply digital technology to the field of commercial photography, change the limitations of traditional film photography, strive to develop technology, and cultivate broader creativity and work efficiency. 2) Pursue creativity and convey aesthetic pleasure in the process of attracting consumers’ attention. There are ways to improve the creativity of works in terms of visual elements. the method is to integrate with other fields and express them visually. Commercial photography should combine form with content, practicality with artistry. Traditional commercial photography is difficult to deal with on the current network platform. With the development of technology, creative works emerge endlessly, creating a need to inject new vitality into the field of commercial photography on the network platform. This study is significant as it provides basic data for the development of China’s floral design commercial photography field, which will play a very important role in the development of market economy. Based on this result, we should research on the integration of floral design commercial photography and other fields in the future.

Interleukin-18 Synergism with Interleukin-2 in Cytotoxicity and NKG2D Expression of Human Natural Killer Cells

Qi, Yuan-Ying,Lu, Chao,Ju, Ying,Wang, Zi-E,Li, Yuan-Tang,Shen, Ya-Juan,Lu, Zhi-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. Interleukin (IL)-18 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that induces potent NK cell-dependent anti-tumor responses when administrated with other cytokines. In this study, we explored the effects of combining IL-18 and IL-2 on NK cytotoxicity as well as expression levels of the NK cell receptor NKG2D in vitro. Freshly isolated PBMCs were incubated for 48 h with IL-18 and IL-2, then CD107a expression on $CD3^-CD56^+$ NK cells was determined by three-colour flow cytometry to evaluate the cytotoxicity of NK cells against human erythroleukemia K562 cells and human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. Flow cytometric analysis was also employed to determine NKG2D expression on NK cells. The combined use of IL-18 and IL-2 significantly increased CD107a expression on NK cells compared with using IL-18 or IL-2 alone, suggesting that the combination of these two cytokines exerted synergistic enhancement of NK cytotoxicity. IL-18 also enhanced NKG2D expression on NK cells when administered with IL-2. In addition, blockade of NKG2D signaling with NKG2D-blocking antibody attenuated the up-regulatory effect of combining IL-18 and IL-2 on NK cytolysis. Our data revealed that IL-18 synergized with IL-2 to dramatically enhance the cytolytic activity of human NK cells in a NKG2D-dependent manner. The results appear encouraging for the use of combined IL-18 and IL-2 in tumor immunotherapy.