The Impacts of OLYMPIC LEGACY on Urban Regeneration: A Systematic Review

Xuemei Zhao,Xuefeng Bai,신홍범 J-INSTITUTE 2020 Public Value Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: The Olympic legacy is an important legacy left to the host city by the Olympic Games. It presents the value of Olympic Games and push Olympic movement spread till now. The IOC has stressed the importance and necessity of Olympic legacy in official. The impacts of Olympic legacy promote the regeneration and renewal of the host city and it explores how does the sporting legacy and urban legacy of Olympic legacy impact in the urban renewal and regeneration. It not only improves the sustainable development of city, but also promotes the cultural values of the Olympics. Method: This paper employs the systematic literature reviews to explore the relationship between legacy of Olympic Games and urban regeneration. After the initial search, 427 articles in English language from 2000 to 2020 were returned and it narrowed down to 19 articles finally. The information extracted from the remaining article were used to present how did sporting legacy and urban legacy impact urban regeneration and on which aspects did they impact. Results: The urban legacy and sporting legacy in urban renewal and regeneration process has played a very important role. The sporting legacy can improve the urban space planning via sport architecture and infrastructure built or renovated for the Olympics to adjust urban renewal and regeneration. It also can produce certain impact on an urban infrastructure, such as promoting the improvement of the community, improve the transportation environment and city pollution and other problems to promote the urban organic operation. The impacts of urban legacy are better reflected in the planning stage of the Olympic Games, integrating the problems left during urban development into the planning, and providing a direction for the renewal and regeneration of the city. Conclusion and discussion: First of all, the Olympic Games should be held in accordance with the evaluation of overall situation of the city itself. Rational thinking of the existing problems in city operation process should be conducted and the urban next stage of development prospects should be made at the same time. These two points should be considered as the focus of the Olympic Bid and planning. Then, improving the image of the city can be main task in the short term impact of Olympic Games as urban updating and regeneration. Finally, how to transform short-term temporary impact into long-term permanent impact will be a central issue in Olympic planning.

The Aspects of Ecological ENVIRONMENT in Host City of the Winter Olympic Games

Xuemei Zhao,Xuefeng Bai,신홍범 J-INSTITUTE 2021 Public Value Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: Environment protection is one of the major tasks of International Olympic Committee which is listed into Olympic Charter in 1996. As the concept of sustainable development was introduced into Olympic Games, the environment protection was the top issue which the host cities should be concerned. Winter Olympic Games is a sport events relying on natural environment particularly. Therefore, this paper explored the aspects of winter Olympic Games on ecological environment in host cities. It will propose the references for 2022 winter Olympic Games to make winter Olympic Games and ecological environment sustainable. Method: This paper employs the systematic literature review to explore the relationship between winter Olympic Games and ecological environment. 15 articles was scanned and presented for extracting relevant information to analyze the aspects of ecological environment of host cities in winter Olympic Games. The in-formation of Year, the place of Winter Olympic Games, impact or not, positive or negative impact, the specific performance and effect on host cities were extracted to use. Results: Among the existing studies, it is believed that holding the Winter Olympics will have a certain impact on the ecological environment. There are negative and positive impacts both. The negative impact is mainly caused by the site selection and the construction of the venues occupying the natural environment, which leads to a series of subsequent effects, and then affects people's lives, containing water pollution, land source, air pollution and soon. There is also positive impact which can improve the environment protection. Conclusion: First, the hosting of the Winter Olympic Games should take full account of the city's own eco-logical environment and urban environment. Second, the concept of sustainable development of the Olympic movement should be fully implemented. Third, relevant laws and regulations related to environmental protection should be issued.

Emerging Trends and New Improvements in Stadiums and URBAN DEVELOPMENT Using Cite Space Visualization

Xuemei Zhao,Xuefeng Bai,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2021 Public Value Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: The stadiums play an important role in the development of a city. It is not only the place to hold sport events, but also an important regulating factor for the development of a city. Under the theme of sustain-able development, how to develop stadiums to play the biggest role in urban development is the topic. This paper aims to make stadium become the driving force of regional environmental change, and provide necessary condi-tions for urban regeneration and renewal, so as to drive the realization of sustainable development of the city through urban renewal and upgrading. Method: In this paper, CiteSpace 5.7.R5 was used as the research tool, the core database of Web of Science was selected as the literature source, the stadiums or venues and urban development and Olympic legacy were taken as the search terms, and the literature type was set as literature. A total of 1912 literature from 2010 to 2021 were selected for visualized analysis to draw the knowledge map of stadiums and urban development, and the number of published papers, institutions and research hotspots of related research on stadiums and urban development were studied. Results: Firstly, according to the published number of related research on the stadiums and urban develop-ment from 2010 to 2021, this period presented three different stages. The number of literature published on topics related to stadiums and urban development from 2010 to 2015 was relatively stable. From 2016 to 2018, the research on stadiums and urban development showed a sharp decrease, and the research enthusiasm began to decline. Between 2018 and 2021, the number of studies gradually increased and reached the highest number. Then, universities at home and abroad were the main research institutions on stadiums and urban development, and kept a continuous focus on this topic. Finally, the research focus in this field focused on the construction and development of stadiums, mega sport events and stadiums and the relationship between stadiums and urban development from architecture and city and link of stadiums, city and mega sport event. Conclusion: From 2010 to 2021, domestic and foreign scholars maintained a certain amount of enthusiasm in the research on stadiums and urban development, with a large number of research results. With the holding of the Olympic Games, the number of literature also increases, which provides reference resources for the follow-up research on the stadium and urban development. Second, universities at home and aboard have conducted more research on stadiums and urban development than other types of institutions. Finally, the research hotspots on stadium and urban development focuses on the analysis of the construction and development of stadium from different perspectives, mega sport events, and the relationship between stadiums and urban development from architecture and city and link of stadiums, city and mega sport event.

Exploring the Nature of Genius Loci in SPORT Stadiums Based on Collective Memory in CHINA

Zhao Xuemei,Bai Xuefeng,Shin Hong-bum J-INSTITUTE 2020 Kinesiology Vol.5 No.1

The genius loci of sport stadium is the main element for the public to feel the sport atmosphere and experience its function as the city architecture, and it is also the foothold and significance of sport stadium. However, with the change of architectural concept, advanced technology and new building materials gradually become the architectural theme of sport stadium, and the nature of sports carried by it is gradually covered by these phe-nomena, leading to the weakening of the public s cognition of sport stadium. If this phenomenon exists for a long time, it will not only affect the function of sport stadium and its role in urban development, but also eliminate the nature of it. Therefore, to reconstruct and maintain the genius loci, this paper analyzes the genius loci of sport stadium in China with the main elements of the collective memory, explores the nature of genius loci, and provides suggestions for its spread and continuation in the future. This paper explores the construction of genius loci of Chinese sport stadium based on collective memory through literature review. It fosters to spread and con-solidate genius loci of Chinese sport stadium through reconstruction of memory. According to the results from this study, there are three factors of collective memory. 1)Sport fans as the subjects of memory in the construction of collective memory. 2)Sport events and activities as the carrier in the construction of collective. 3)Stadium carrying Genius Loci as the object in the construction of collective memory. However, there are still some existing problems of genius loci of sport stadiums for the construction of collective memory. Lacking chance to enter into sport stadium hinders interaction between people and stadium. The for-mation of Genius Loci of stadium needs people deeply interact with stadium. The feeling of subject is the first step to identify Genius Loci of stadium. At present stage, the openness of the stadium is low, and the opportunity for people to feel sports and have emotional resonance is reduced, so it is difficult to interact with Genius Loci of stadium. In addition, low continuity of sport events and activities which causes sport stadium idling impedes the spread of Genius Loci of sport stadium. The number of stadiums has been increasing with the rapid development of sport industry in China but the number of sport event generated is relatively limited. Moreover, location trend from city to suburb blocks the spread of Genius Loci of sport stadium. Most stadiums in China are located in the suburbs of the cities. Although they can be satisfied with the harmony of the surrounding natural environment, the interaction between stadiums and people is severely restricted by the inconvenient traffic and other condi-tions. Based on the results from this study, there are several suggestions to keep collective memory of Genius Loci perceive from the stadiums by sport fans. 1)As the subject of the memory, the public s intuitive feeling and expe-rience of sport stadium is the key to the spread genius loci. 2)Sport events are the main ways for the public to interact with Genius Loci. 3)The construction of sport stadium should focus on the integration of the surroundings and become an integral part of urban construction.

The Application of Atmospheric Plasma for Cotton Fabric Desizing

Xuemei Wang,Hongmei Zhao,Fuxing Chen,Xin Ning,Shaojuan Chen,Qunli Guan,Shouxiang Jiang,Dagang Miao 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.11

Production process of cotton fabric involves numerous water and chemical consumptions, causing serious energywaste and environmental problem. In this study, a waterless atmospheric plasma treatment (APT) was applied on cottonfabric to desize the starch coated in the weaving process. Plasma parameters, i.e., plasma voltage, plasma duty cycle andoxygen flow rate, are varied in order to systematically evaluate their influence on fabric physical properties such as theimpurity removal, whiteness, capillary effect, tensile strength and breaking elongation of fabric. Optimal plasma parametersfor oxygen APT were determined, with plasma voltage of 320 V, plasma duty cycle of 60 % and oxygen flow rate of 1000 l/h. The APT desizing method attained comparable fabric performances with the traditional amylase desizing method. The resultswere further supported by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)investigations.

Effects of Lonicera japonica extract on performance, blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress during perinatal period in dairy cows

Zhao Yiguang,Tang Zhiwen,Nan Xuemei,Sun Fuyu,Jiang Linshu,Xiong Benhai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.7

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lonicera japonica extract (LJE) on milk production, rumen fermentation and blood biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress during the perinatal period of Holstein dairy cows. Methods: Eighteen Holstein dairy cows were used in a complete randomized design experiment with 3 dietary treatments and 6 cows per treatment. All cows received the same basal total mixed ration (TMR) including a prepartal diet (1.35 Mcal of net energy for lactation [NEL]/kg of dry matter [DM], 13.23% crude protein [CP]) from –60 d to calving and a postpartal diet (1.61 Mcal of NEL/kg of DM, 17.39% CP) from calving to 30 days in milk (DIM). The 3 dietary treatments were TMR supplemented with LJE at 0 (control), 1 and 2 g/kg DM, respectively. LJE was offered from 21 d before calving to 30 DIM. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were measured daily after calving. Milk and rumen fluid samples were collected on 29 and 30 d after calving. On –10, 4, 14, and 30 d relative to calving, blood samples were collected to analyze the biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Results: Compared with control diet, LJE supplementation at 1 and 2 g/kg DM increased DMI, milk yield and reduced milk somatic cell count. LJE supplementation also decreased the concentrations of blood biomarkers of pro-inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, and haptoglobin), energy metabolism (nonesterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen metabolites), meanwhile increased the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase concentrations in blood. No differences were observed in rumen pH, volatile fatty acid, and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentrations between LJE supplemented diets and the control diet. Conclusion: Supplementation with 1 and 2 g LJE/kg DM could increase DMI, improve lactation performance, and enhance anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of dairy cows during perinatal period.

The Reflective Research on the Impact of the Public Health CRISIS on Chinese Sport Industry by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Xuefeng Bai,Xuemei Zhao,신홍범 J-INSTITUTE 2020 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: The outbreak of public health crisis of COVID-19 has caused the Chinese sports industry to suffer a "cold winter" and turned into stagnation from rapid development. Although China's sports industry has been gradually restored under the leadership of the government after the epidemic has been effectively controlled, the internal problems exposed by COVID-19 are still worth pondering. These problems will not only impede the further development of China's sports industry, but also make it difficult to cope with other public health emergency crisis. Method: This study researched the impacts of COVID-19 on Chinese sports industry through literature review and data collation, so as to reflect the existing problems in Chinese sports industry and put forward correspond-ing suggestions. Results: Through summarizing the current situation of impacts, it found COVID- 19 had negative impact on sports competition performance, sports fitness and leisure activities, sports tourism services and education and training industry of sports industry. It caused huge economic losses, even hinders the continue development of these industries. Through the specific analysis of the current situation, this paper believed that the huge losses on small and medium-sized sports enterprises was the reason caused such serious consequences. The reasons are as follows: (1)small and medium-sized sports enterprises lacked plans and capabilities to deal with public health emergency crisis due to their small sale and weak assets; (2)In order to control the spread of COVID-19, Chinese people have adopted a semi-closed life. The loss of physical consumers has a fatal shock to small and medium-sized sports enterprises with a single business model; (3)Small and medium-sized sports enterprises are unable to quickly and effectively resume normal operation after the epidemic situation is under control due to their insuffi-cient recovery capacity. Conclusion: In order to solve the existing problems, the development suggestions about government domi-nantion, enterprises assist for small and medium-sized sports companies are proposed. The suggestions are as follows. (1)public health emergency crisis plan for small and medium-sized sports enterprises is established in Chi-na to ensure that small and medium-sized sports enterprises can make timely and effective response when public health emergency crisis happens. (2)diversified online business is conducted based on big data and the Internet by small and medium-sized sports enterprises under the premise of effective supervision, so as to solve the prob-lem of single operation mode and poor pressure-resistant ability of small and medium-sized sports enterprises. (3)epidemic sports industry insurance is carried out to create GDP and enhance the ability of small and medium-sized sports enterprises to resume normal operation.

Analysis on the Risks Ensued during the 2022 Beijing Olympic Winter Games to Protect the Social SECURITY

Bai Xuefeng,Zhao Xuemei,Shin Hong-bum J-INSTITUTE 2020 Protection Convergence Vol.5 No.1

Beijing will host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games after the Summer Olympics in 2008. It is the first Winter Olympics for Beijing and the second capital city to host Olympic Games. The success of the Summer Olympics and expectations for the Winter Olympics will place higher demands to Beijing. Prevention and control to secure so-ciety will be the key to the success of the Games. Security of society is the momentous part in the whole process and the essence to ensure stability of society, especially under the changes of domestic and foreign circumstances, this work will face more severe challenges. Therefore, in order to ensure the social stability of political and eco-nomic center in China during winter Olympic Games and the successful hosting, this study is trying to employ systematic reviews of past research literatures, summarize risk factors that might cause social problems during the Beijing Olympic Winter Games, classify, and then screen them. Finally it also puts forward corresponding prevention and control suggestions. The results show that there are many risk factors that may cause social problems in Beijing during the winter Olympics. The characteristics of risk factors and the types that may cause social problems were classified into public security risks, life risks, economic risks, ecological environment risks, political risks, cultural risks and public health risks. Due to the large time span of retrieval, some risk factors are still possible to occur, but they are under control. Therefore, in order to further ensure the pertinence of the research results, this paper screened and removed the summarized factors according to the actual situation and relevant policies. Finally, the risk factors were identified as public security, living, and public health. Public security risk factors include public opinion and cyberbully; Living risk factors are the ones affecting the life of vulnerable groups; Public health risk factor is pan-demic outbreak. According to the results, this paper proposes the following prevention and control measures: 1. Strengthen the education and publicity of public security knowledge. The Chinese government has a relatively completed public security management system, so it should start with the education and publicity in the early stage to achieve the prevention of public opinion and cyberbully. 2. Establish service stations for vulnerable groups to ensure their normal life during the winter Olympics. 3. Create a real-name health monitoring mobile APP during the winter Olympics. Smart phones have already been popularized in China, and people can upload their personal health status anytime and anywhere through the APP, which can effectively assist the Chinese government on public health situation during the Beijing Olympic Winter Games.

The Influencing Factors on the Development of Chinese SPORTS Industry in Digital Era: A Systematic Review

Xuefeng Bai,Xuemei Zhao,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2020 Kinesiology Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: With the introduction of the concept of digital sports in 2012, Chinese sports industry has begun to enter the digital era and the original business model, market structure and other have been changed. After more than ten years development, digital sports industry has made remarkable achievements, but also exposed some problems. In order to find the answer to the problem, this paper conducted a descriptive statistical research on the factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry. Through the analysis of the influencing factors, it hoped to put forward some suggestions to improve the digital development of Chinese sports industry benign. Method: To descriptive statistics result objective and accurate, this study discussed the factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports with a systematic review. It selected 770 articles from CNKI database from January 1st, 2012 to November 21st, 2020 for sorting and summary. After the screening with strict standards, 20 articles were left for information extraction. The extracted information was mainly used to explain the types of factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry, and what factors are included in the differ-ent types. Results: It showed that the factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry could be di-vided into three types: political factors, economic factors, and technical factors. Different types contain different number of specific factors. Some of these factors contributed to the digital development of Chinese sports indus-try, while some of them had a diminishing or even negligible impact on the digital development of Chinese sports industry. After comprehensive consideration of the research topic, benign factors and ineffective factors were eliminated in this study, and the remaining factors were analyzed according to the actual situation. The analysis results showed that the main factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry at the present stage were: sports policies, unbalanced consumption of population proportion and lack of regulatory rules. Conclusion: Based on the results, this study proposed targeted suggestions, expanding the scope of sports welfare policy, enhancing the popularization intensity of sports science and technology, and strengthening the supervision of digital sports field. Among them, expanding the implementation scope of sports welfare policy aimed at welfare policies for emerging industries or trends. Enhancing the popularization intensity of sports sci-ence and technology targeted on the serious aging problem in China. The effective popularization can stimulate the elderly sports consumption, thus achieving the goal of promoting the development of sports industry. Strengthening the supervision was mainly reflected in the establishment of joint supervision by the government, the market and the society to ensure the healthy and orderly development of Chinese sports industry.

Cloning and expression of a Chk1 gene in Daphnia pulex during different modes of reproduction

Xiaoge Guo,Shanliang Xu,Xuemei Yan,Wei Zhou,Xinyu Dai,Xiu Zou,Chunlin Wang,Danli Wang,Yunlong Zhao 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.9

The full-length cDNA of a Chk1 gene (DpChk1) was cloned from Daphnia pulex using RACE method. This cDNA is 1767 bp in length, consisting of a 1497 bp open reading frame encoding 498 amino acid protein. The deduced DpChk1 protein sequence contains phosphorylation sites, three conserved Ser-Gln and Thr- Gln motifs and shares 51–55 % similarity with A. pisum, M. rotundata, D. melanogaster, A. echinatior, B. terrestris, R. pulchellus and M. occidentalis, respectively. Gene expression analysis showed that Chk1 is differentially expressed in D. pulex during different reproductive modes. DpChk1 expression in sexually-reproducing females and males is significantly higher than in parthenogenetic Daphnia. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that DpChk1 was expressed during two kinds of reproductive modes. In parthenogenetic females, hybridization signals were found in the antennae and thoracic limb, whereas expression levels in the corresponding sites of sexuallyreproducing females were relatively strong, DpChk1 could not be detected in the gonads of ephippial and parthenogenetic females. Taken together, these different reproductive stages and sex specific expression patterns are regulated temporally and spatially. We speculate that DpChk1 may be involved in conversion between different stages of reproduction and in sexual differentiation in D. pulex.