Analysis on the Risks Ensued during the 2022 Beijing Olympic Winter Games to Protect the Social SECURITY

Bai Xuefeng,Zhao Xuemei,Shin Hong-bum J-INSTITUTE 2020 Protection Convergence Vol.5 No.1

Beijing will host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games after the Summer Olympics in 2008. It is the first Winter Olympics for Beijing and the second capital city to host Olympic Games. The success of the Summer Olympics and expectations for the Winter Olympics will place higher demands to Beijing. Prevention and control to secure so-ciety will be the key to the success of the Games. Security of society is the momentous part in the whole process and the essence to ensure stability of society, especially under the changes of domestic and foreign circumstances, this work will face more severe challenges. Therefore, in order to ensure the social stability of political and eco-nomic center in China during winter Olympic Games and the successful hosting, this study is trying to employ systematic reviews of past research literatures, summarize risk factors that might cause social problems during the Beijing Olympic Winter Games, classify, and then screen them. Finally it also puts forward corresponding prevention and control suggestions. The results show that there are many risk factors that may cause social problems in Beijing during the winter Olympics. The characteristics of risk factors and the types that may cause social problems were classified into public security risks, life risks, economic risks, ecological environment risks, political risks, cultural risks and public health risks. Due to the large time span of retrieval, some risk factors are still possible to occur, but they are under control. Therefore, in order to further ensure the pertinence of the research results, this paper screened and removed the summarized factors according to the actual situation and relevant policies. Finally, the risk factors were identified as public security, living, and public health. Public security risk factors include public opinion and cyberbully; Living risk factors are the ones affecting the life of vulnerable groups; Public health risk factor is pan-demic outbreak. According to the results, this paper proposes the following prevention and control measures: 1. Strengthen the education and publicity of public security knowledge. The Chinese government has a relatively completed public security management system, so it should start with the education and publicity in the early stage to achieve the prevention of public opinion and cyberbully. 2. Establish service stations for vulnerable groups to ensure their normal life during the winter Olympics. 3. Create a real-name health monitoring mobile APP during the winter Olympics. Smart phones have already been popularized in China, and people can upload their personal health status anytime and anywhere through the APP, which can effectively assist the Chinese government on public health situation during the Beijing Olympic Winter Games.

The Impacts of the Winter Olympic Games on SPORT Tourism: A Systematic Review

Xuefeng Bai,신홍범,Soonhwan Lee J-INSTITUTE 2021 Kinesiology Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: Sport Tourism is a driving force for sustainable economic development of tourism destinations. The Winter Olympic Games is a catalyst for this momentum. In order to clearly sort out the impacts of the Winter Olympic Games on sport tourism of the host city, this paper employed a systematic review. This study allowed to provide some enlightenment for the development of sport tourism in the host cities of the Winter Olympic Games in the future, and proposed the corresponding reference for the continued research in this field. Method: This paper adopted systematic review, more rigorous than the traditional literature review, to explore the impacts of the Winter Olympic Games on sport tourism in host cities. Through the literature search of selected data, 369 articles in English language was retrieved and finally narrowed down to 17 articles according to the set research criteria. The information extracted from the remaining articles was used to present the types of impacts the Winter Olympics have had on sport tourism in host cities and in how it impacted. Results: Through the review and summary of the literature, current Winter Olympic Games had both positive and negative impacts on sport tourism in host cities. According to its specific manifestation, this paper classified the impact factors. Positive impacts could be summarized into three parts: improving sport tourism revenue, improving city image and promoting urban reform. Negative impacts were mainly reflected in two aspects: the excessive cost leads to excessive burden and the unsatisfied sustainable development sustainable development. Conclusions: This paper clearly stressed that the Winter Olympic Games had both positive and negative impacts on the development of sport tourism in host cities, and further analyzed the aspects in which these impacts are found. Based on research results, it proposed the enlightenment on the development planning and ecological environment in order to ensure the sustainable development of sport tourism for the upcoming Beijing Olympic Games. It is a pity that there were still some limitations in the research scope and methods, and it hoped that they can be solved in the following research.

The Reflective Research on the Impact of the Public Health CRISIS on Chinese Sport Industry by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Xuefeng Bai,Xuemei Zhao,신홍범 J-INSTITUTE 2020 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: The outbreak of public health crisis of COVID-19 has caused the Chinese sports industry to suffer a "cold winter" and turned into stagnation from rapid development. Although China's sports industry has been gradually restored under the leadership of the government after the epidemic has been effectively controlled, the internal problems exposed by COVID-19 are still worth pondering. These problems will not only impede the further development of China's sports industry, but also make it difficult to cope with other public health emergency crisis. Method: This study researched the impacts of COVID-19 on Chinese sports industry through literature review and data collation, so as to reflect the existing problems in Chinese sports industry and put forward correspond-ing suggestions. Results: Through summarizing the current situation of impacts, it found COVID- 19 had negative impact on sports competition performance, sports fitness and leisure activities, sports tourism services and education and training industry of sports industry. It caused huge economic losses, even hinders the continue development of these industries. Through the specific analysis of the current situation, this paper believed that the huge losses on small and medium-sized sports enterprises was the reason caused such serious consequences. The reasons are as follows: (1)small and medium-sized sports enterprises lacked plans and capabilities to deal with public health emergency crisis due to their small sale and weak assets; (2)In order to control the spread of COVID-19, Chinese people have adopted a semi-closed life. The loss of physical consumers has a fatal shock to small and medium-sized sports enterprises with a single business model; (3)Small and medium-sized sports enterprises are unable to quickly and effectively resume normal operation after the epidemic situation is under control due to their insuffi-cient recovery capacity. Conclusion: In order to solve the existing problems, the development suggestions about government domi-nantion, enterprises assist for small and medium-sized sports companies are proposed. The suggestions are as follows. (1)public health emergency crisis plan for small and medium-sized sports enterprises is established in Chi-na to ensure that small and medium-sized sports enterprises can make timely and effective response when public health emergency crisis happens. (2)diversified online business is conducted based on big data and the Internet by small and medium-sized sports enterprises under the premise of effective supervision, so as to solve the prob-lem of single operation mode and poor pressure-resistant ability of small and medium-sized sports enterprises. (3)epidemic sports industry insurance is carried out to create GDP and enhance the ability of small and medium-sized sports enterprises to resume normal operation.

How to Protect Collegiate Students from the Risk of Sport Activities in CHINA based on the Risk INVESTIGATION

Bai Xuefeng,Shin Hong bum J-INSTITUTE 2019 Protection Convergence Vol.4 No.1

In this study, the issue of the decline of college students’ physical fitness and the risks involved in sports activ-ities have been discussed. The Chinese government and colleges encourage students to participate in sports to resolve health problems; however, there is a worry arising from possible occurrence of injuries due to sports activities. The risks of injuries and accidents hang over the heads of college students like the sword of Damocles. As a result, the Chinese government as well as colleges have paid much attention to the prevention of risks in college students’ sports activities. There is extensive research and discussion on risk identification of the same. However, there are still shortcomings in this area. This paper uses the literature research method to reorganize the major studies in recent years to analyze the existing research on problems in college sports activities and proposes solutions for the problem. The results show that current research has three primary inadequacies: 1)Methods of risk perception are am-biguous. Being the most used method, the risk questionnaire does not have a common compilation standard. Therefore, the quality and content of data vary, and this may lead to the omission or misjudgment of some risk factors. 2)Risk induction methods need to be improved. The use of risk induction methods in some studies is not rigorous enough, and this may cause deviation in the results. 3)Risk identification results are limited. China has a vast territory and has varied geographical, natural and human environmental conditions in different regions; as a result, most of the data gathered are from designated areas, and research results have geographical re-strictions. The risks faced by college students in sports activities are unavoidable, so there is a need for further study on the issue. The problems of research in this area mainly manifest as unclear risk perception methods, incomplete risk induction methods and limited risk identification results, further affected by regional limitations. Suggestions have been proposed with an aim to resolve existing problems as well as to address the limitations of this study. It is hoped that further study will result in the development of safety of college students’ sports activities and prompt further research on the risks in relation to college sports activities. This study recommends the following solutions: First, design a questionnaire for a survey on basic risks to improve the accuracy of statistics in subsequent studies. Second, form the criteria for risk induction to ensure the precision of the classification. Third, build a national platform for cooperation and identification of risks, summa-rization of data from different regions and elimination of regional restrictions while laying the foundation for further research on the subject.

The Citespace Approach on the Changes of Trends and Hotspots to Consume SPORT Products of Chinese Collegiate Students

Xuefeng Bai,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2021 Kinesiology Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: With the national emphasis on the high-quality development of sports industry and the cultivation of new cultural formats and consumption patterns, sports consumption of college student has become a hot topic of academic attention, and a lot of research has been carried out. In order to fully understand the research status of sports consumption of college student in China, this study conducted scientific econometric statistics on related researches in the past 20 years, aiming to analyze the hot spots and trend evolution of sports consumption of college students. Method: In this paper, 487 valid samples were obtained by searching the literature related to college student sports consumption collected by CNKI from 2001 to 2021. CiteSpace was used to conduct visualized analysis, and through the collation of knowledge map, it revealed the hot spots and trend evolution of Chinese collegiate stu-dent sports consumption. Results: The results of descriptive statistical analysis from literatures for this study showed that the time dis-tribution characteristics of Chinese collegiate student who consume sport products could be divided into four stages: 1)steady growth stage from 2001 to 2005, 2)rapid development stage from 2006 to 2008, 3)ups and downs stage from 2009 to 2014, and 4)slow decline stage from 2015 to 2021. These literatures were mainly studied by colleges and universities, involving physical education, pedagogy, economics. The research hotspots analysis showed that the main keywords of Chinese collegiate student sports consumption were sports consump-tion, college students, current situation, influencing factors, sports consumption behavior, college student sports consumption, female college students, consumption consciousness, sports consumption structure and motivation. The results of emerging trend analysis showed that the research on sports consumption of collegiate student in China could be divided into four development stages: it mainly involved the definition and interpretation of sports consumption of college students, the investigation of the current situation in different regions, the analysis of influencing factors and the proposal of consumption countermeasures from 2001 to 2008. The research from 2009 to 2014 mainly included sports consumption consciousness and sports consumption behavior. From 2015 to 2019, sports and fitness consumption and sports consumption motivation were mainly discussed. After 2019, due to the short period of time and the gradual maturity of research in this field, the research mainly focused on the comprehensive discussion of sports consumption of collegiate students. Conclusions: As the data used for this study were only collected from CNKI literature, there are limitations in obtaining data which were the previous literature. In addition, due to the strict limitation of keywords in the literature search process, it may lead to the omission of sport consumption contents of college student in other articles. Therefore, it is hoped that these problems can be properly solved in the future scientometrics researches.

The Safety Control and Injury Prevention of Collegiate SPORT Activities in CHINA

Bai Xuefeng,Shin Hong-bum,Zhao Xuemei J-INSTITUTE 2019 Kinesiology Vol.4 No.2

‘Myopia’, ‘obesity’, ‘decline in physical fitness’ and other sub-health phenomena have always been an urgent problem for Chinese college students to improve the quality of their education and all-round development. To comprehensively improve the physical and mental health of college student’s education, the Chinese government has issued many policies urging college students to actively participate in sports activities. After the release of a series of policies, a large number of college students left their dorms to spend more time doing sports activities. As a result, their physical fitness improved, and the sub-health phenomenon was alleviated. However, with the frequent occurrence of sports injury accidents, many college students are afraid to participate in sports activities, and many parents are also afraid of sports activities. As managers of college students and organizers of sports activities, Chinese colleges also face multiple pressures from the society, parents and students. Some colleges have prohibited the holding of dangerous sports activities and heavily restrict students’ participation in sports activities. The role of improving students’ physical and mental health through sports has also been gradually weakened. A new, important topic in China is ensuring the normal development of college sports activities and the continuous improvement of college students’ physical and mental health and the effective and reasonable solution to reduce the harm caused by sports injury accidents. Accordingly, this paper identifies the current safety of college students’ physical activity in China. It explores the reasons for the safety of their physical activity and puts forward appropriate protective strategies. This paper found that sports injury accidents occur in colleges and universities in different regions with differ-ent degrees of injury. The reasons are student, school and environmental factors. Based on the main reasons for the occurrence of accidents, the following suggestions are put forward: 1. The protection strategy of student safety: College students should pay attention to individual behavior and enhance their awareness of protection when participating in sports activities. 2. The protection strategy of college security: Colleges should conduct duplicate protection before and after the occurrence of injury accidents and regularly publicize sports safety knowledge, so students understand the causes of injury accidents. It should also improve the maintenance and management system of sports venues and facilities to reduce the number of injuries caused by accidents. Also, it should increase the medical investment and introduce an insurance system. 3. The protection strategy of social and environmental safety: it is hoped that the Chinese government will continue to issue policies that lead to the establishment of a security system for college students’ sports activities. It is also hoped that the Chinese gov-ernment and all sectors of society will increase investment in college sports to ensure the maintenance and re-newal of college sports venues and facilities.

The Influencing Factors on the Development of Chinese SPORTS Industry in Digital Era: A Systematic Review

Xuefeng Bai,Xuemei Zhao,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2020 Kinesiology Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: With the introduction of the concept of digital sports in 2012, Chinese sports industry has begun to enter the digital era and the original business model, market structure and other have been changed. After more than ten years development, digital sports industry has made remarkable achievements, but also exposed some problems. In order to find the answer to the problem, this paper conducted a descriptive statistical research on the factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry. Through the analysis of the influencing factors, it hoped to put forward some suggestions to improve the digital development of Chinese sports industry benign. Method: To descriptive statistics result objective and accurate, this study discussed the factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports with a systematic review. It selected 770 articles from CNKI database from January 1st, 2012 to November 21st, 2020 for sorting and summary. After the screening with strict standards, 20 articles were left for information extraction. The extracted information was mainly used to explain the types of factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry, and what factors are included in the differ-ent types. Results: It showed that the factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry could be di-vided into three types: political factors, economic factors, and technical factors. Different types contain different number of specific factors. Some of these factors contributed to the digital development of Chinese sports indus-try, while some of them had a diminishing or even negligible impact on the digital development of Chinese sports industry. After comprehensive consideration of the research topic, benign factors and ineffective factors were eliminated in this study, and the remaining factors were analyzed according to the actual situation. The analysis results showed that the main factors impacting the digital development of Chinese sports industry at the present stage were: sports policies, unbalanced consumption of population proportion and lack of regulatory rules. Conclusion: Based on the results, this study proposed targeted suggestions, expanding the scope of sports welfare policy, enhancing the popularization intensity of sports science and technology, and strengthening the supervision of digital sports field. Among them, expanding the implementation scope of sports welfare policy aimed at welfare policies for emerging industries or trends. Enhancing the popularization intensity of sports sci-ence and technology targeted on the serious aging problem in China. The effective popularization can stimulate the elderly sports consumption, thus achieving the goal of promoting the development of sports industry. Strengthening the supervision was mainly reflected in the establishment of joint supervision by the government, the market and the society to ensure the healthy and orderly development of Chinese sports industry.

A Scientometrics Research on Physical Activity and Health RISKS of the Elderly

Xuefeng Bai,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: With the deepening of global aging, how to control and prevent the health crisis of the elderly has become the focus of global attention. To address this problem, a large number of studies have been conducted around the world, and physical activity has been shown to be closely linked to health risks in the elderly. In order to sort out the results of many researches, this paper made a scientometrics analysis of the relevant researches in the past 10 years. This can not only systematically understand the current research trend, but also serve as a reference for subsequent research. Method: This study adopted scientometrics and visual analysis methods, thus CiteSpace Visualization based on Java programming was employed as the main tool of the study. Literature searched from Web of Science database from 2010 to present and was used to show the topic evolution of research related to the research topic after analysis. Results: According to the statistics on the time and quantity of the literature on physical activity and health risks of the elderly, it was found that the literature had a stable increasing trend from 2010 to 2012, from 2013 to 2015, from 2016 to 2018, and from 2019 to 2020. Through the analysis of the co-occurring map of institutions on physical activity for elderly, it was found that colleges and universities were the core in the institutions in this field. Geriatrics & Gerontology, Public Environmental & Occupational Health, General & Internal Medicine, Medicine, Nutrition & Dietetics and Physical provided basic for the researches on physical activity and health risks of elderly. The research hotspots were showed as physical activity, risk, risk factor, Older adult, elderly, exercise, mortality, health, prevalence, association. This indicated that the researches on physical activity and health risk of the elderly at this stage mainly focused on the health and physique of the elderly. In the second stage, there were abundant experimental studies on the physical function of the elderly, the physiological dimension of different types of senile chronic diseases, and the risk factors of disease prevention. In the third stage, the researches on the elderly personal health behavior and lifestyle, social support and health promotion began to be prominent. Conclusion: This paper took Web of Science as the data source and used CiteSpace, a scientific measurement tool, to draw the knowledge map of physical activity and health risks of the elderly scientifically and rigorously, and systematically analyzes the basic characteristics, research hotspots and topic evolution of this research field. However, there are still some limitations in the time period, database and search scope of the research results, which we hope can be solved in the follow-up research.

The Aspects of Ecological ENVIRONMENT in Host City of the Winter Olympic Games

Xuemei Zhao,Xuefeng Bai,신홍범 J-INSTITUTE 2021 Public Value Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: Environment protection is one of the major tasks of International Olympic Committee which is listed into Olympic Charter in 1996. As the concept of sustainable development was introduced into Olympic Games, the environment protection was the top issue which the host cities should be concerned. Winter Olympic Games is a sport events relying on natural environment particularly. Therefore, this paper explored the aspects of winter Olympic Games on ecological environment in host cities. It will propose the references for 2022 winter Olympic Games to make winter Olympic Games and ecological environment sustainable. Method: This paper employs the systematic literature review to explore the relationship between winter Olympic Games and ecological environment. 15 articles was scanned and presented for extracting relevant information to analyze the aspects of ecological environment of host cities in winter Olympic Games. The in-formation of Year, the place of Winter Olympic Games, impact or not, positive or negative impact, the specific performance and effect on host cities were extracted to use. Results: Among the existing studies, it is believed that holding the Winter Olympics will have a certain impact on the ecological environment. There are negative and positive impacts both. The negative impact is mainly caused by the site selection and the construction of the venues occupying the natural environment, which leads to a series of subsequent effects, and then affects people's lives, containing water pollution, land source, air pollution and soon. There is also positive impact which can improve the environment protection. Conclusion: First, the hosting of the Winter Olympic Games should take full account of the city's own eco-logical environment and urban environment. Second, the concept of sustainable development of the Olympic movement should be fully implemented. Third, relevant laws and regulations related to environmental protection should be issued.

The Impacts of OLYMPIC LEGACY on Urban Regeneration: A Systematic Review

Xuemei Zhao,Xuefeng Bai,신홍범 J-INSTITUTE 2020 Public Value Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: The Olympic legacy is an important legacy left to the host city by the Olympic Games. It presents the value of Olympic Games and push Olympic movement spread till now. The IOC has stressed the importance and necessity of Olympic legacy in official. The impacts of Olympic legacy promote the regeneration and renewal of the host city and it explores how does the sporting legacy and urban legacy of Olympic legacy impact in the urban renewal and regeneration. It not only improves the sustainable development of city, but also promotes the cultural values of the Olympics. Method: This paper employs the systematic literature reviews to explore the relationship between legacy of Olympic Games and urban regeneration. After the initial search, 427 articles in English language from 2000 to 2020 were returned and it narrowed down to 19 articles finally. The information extracted from the remaining article were used to present how did sporting legacy and urban legacy impact urban regeneration and on which aspects did they impact. Results: The urban legacy and sporting legacy in urban renewal and regeneration process has played a very important role. The sporting legacy can improve the urban space planning via sport architecture and infrastructure built or renovated for the Olympics to adjust urban renewal and regeneration. It also can produce certain impact on an urban infrastructure, such as promoting the improvement of the community, improve the transportation environment and city pollution and other problems to promote the urban organic operation. The impacts of urban legacy are better reflected in the planning stage of the Olympic Games, integrating the problems left during urban development into the planning, and providing a direction for the renewal and regeneration of the city. Conclusion and discussion: First of all, the Olympic Games should be held in accordance with the evaluation of overall situation of the city itself. Rational thinking of the existing problems in city operation process should be conducted and the urban next stage of development prospects should be made at the same time. These two points should be considered as the focus of the Olympic Bid and planning. Then, improving the image of the city can be main task in the short term impact of Olympic Games as urban updating and regeneration. Finally, how to transform short-term temporary impact into long-term permanent impact will be a central issue in Olympic planning.