Numerical optimization of transmission bremsstrahlung target for intense pulsed electron beam

Xiao Yu,Jie Shen,Shijian Zhang,Jie Zhang,Nan Zhang,Ivan Sergeevich Egorov,Sha Yan,Chang Tan,Gennady Efimovich Remnev,Xiaoyun Le 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.2

The optimization of a transmission type bremsstrahlung conversion target was carried out with MonteCarlo code FLUKA for intense pulsed electron beams with electron energy of several hundred keV formaximum photon fluence. The photon emission intensity from electrons with energy ranging from300 keV to 1 MeV on tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum targets was calculated with varied targetthicknesses. The research revealed that higher target material element number and electron energy leadsto increased photon fluence. For a certain target material, the target thickness with maximum photonemission fluence exhibits a linear relationship with the electron energy. With certain electron energy andtarget material, the thickness of the target plays a dominant role in increasing the transmission photonintensity, with small target thickness the photon flux is largely restricted by low energy loss of electronsfor photon generation while thick targets may impose extra absorption for the generated photons. Thespatial distribution of bremsstrahlung photon density was analyzed and the optimal target thicknessesfor maximum bremsstrahlung photon fluence were derived versus electron energy on three targetmaterials for a quick determination of optimal target design

Analysis on the Present Situation of Golf Vocational Training in China

Xiaoyu Zhang(Xiaoyu Zhang),Junhee Hong(Junhee Hong) 동아시아무역학회 2022 Journal of East Asian Trade(JEAT) Vol.4 No.1

Purpose – Golf started on September 30th, 1982, when Zhang Junlin registered and established Shenzhen Golf Club Co., Ltd. in Shenzhen Municipal Market Supervision Administration. In September of the same year, it was approved by Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government. The establishment of the first established golf club in China also marks the official entry of modern golf into the Chinese market. In 1997, Shenzhen University established the first golf major in China, and now there are nearly 600 golf courses in China. China’s golf industry is still developing at a high speed despite policy restrictions. However, there are still some deficiencies in golf vocational training in China. Through the analysis of the shortcomings, the reasonable development direction is put forward. Design/Methodology/Approach – With the development of golf industry, supporting education has also been carried out in China. Since Shenzhen University, many colleges and universities have also carried out related majors. Golf industry is not limited to golf, but also includes lawn planting, garden art, fashion design, sporting goods manufacturing, hotel management, real estate development, golf education and training, etc., which makes the golf industry bring a variety of jobs and personnel needs. It also makes golf clubs pay more attention to talent cultivation. In this paper, the problems existing in the training of golf talents in clubs and universities are listed and analyzed by means of investigation, to find out the appropriate direction. Findings – Children are an important member of golf club staff. How to carry out good caddy training and improve caddy’s professional level and comprehensive quality has become the task focus of golf club managers. At present, the common problems of golf caddies in China are: 1. There is no uniform training standard, which makes the quality of caddies uneven. 2. The income of caddies is unstable. 3. Most of the temporary employment relationships between caddies and clubs. 4. Caddy talent reserve can’t meet the needs of club staff. 5. Caddy occupation requires physical condition, and it is difficult to transform after unemployment. Research Implications – A good teaching foundation is an important way to cultivate talents, and only the mutual communication between clubs and colleges can help improve the ability of golf vocational training in China.

Modeling and Analysis of Temperature Compensation for Multitemperature Zone Sintering Furnace Temperature Sensing

Xiaoyue Sang,Zhaohui Yuan,Xiaojun Yu,Muhammad Tariq Sadiq,Na Liang,Noman Naseer,GaoXi Xiao 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.7

The surface temperature of workpieces in a multi-temperature zone sintering furnace is an important parameter to characterize the performances of a multi-temperature zone system. Due to the practical structural properties of the sintering furnace, however, the conventional way of temperature measurement cannot detect the exact surface temperature of the workpieces directly, making it difficult to control the multi-temperature zone system performances precisely. To address such an issue, this paper proposes, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, a temperature compensation algorithm based soft-measurement technique to compensate for the temperature of the measuring points. Specifically, we analyze the heat-transfer mechanism within the electric heating surface and the workpiece surface and establish a mathematical model for it first, and then calculate the radiative heat transfer coefficient between the diffuse gray surface within sintering furnace using the discrete radiation heat transfer method. Finally, the heat transfer mechanism based soft measurement technique is proposed and applied tocompensate for the temperature. Both simulations and experiments with a practical sintering furnace are conducted to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed temperature compensation algorithm in different cases. Results show that the proposed algorithm could help maintain the temperature difference within a range limit of ±5◦, which is much better as compared with the conventional temperature measurement methods.

Response of Ammonia Assimilation in Cucumber Seedlings to Nitrate Stress

Xiaoyu Yang,Xiufeng Wang,Min Wei,Shoko Hikosaka,Eiji Goto 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.53 No.3

The influence of increased nitrate concentration—14 (control) and 140 mmol L−1 (T)—in hydroponic culture on ammonia assimilation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xintaimici) seedlings was investigated. The results showed that NH3 accumulation in the roots and leaves of T seedlings increased significantly, indicating that NH3toxicity might be involved in nitrate stress. Under control conditions, GS and GOGAT activity were much higher in the leaves than in the roots, whereas GDH activity was much higher in the roots than in the leaves. Correlation analysis showed that NH3 concentration had a strong negative linear relationship with GDH activity in the roots but had a strong negative linear relationship with GS and GOGAT activity in the leaves. These results indicate that NH3 might be assimilated primarily via GDH reaction in the roots and via GS/GOGAT cycle in the leaves. Shortterm nitrate stress resulted in the increase of GS and GOGAT activity in the roots and GDH activity in the leaves of T seedlings, indicating possible shifts in ammonia assimilation from the normal GDH pathway to GS/GOGAT pathway in the roots and from the normal GS/GOGAT pathway to the GDH pathway in the leaves under nitrate stress, but with the increase of treatment time, GS, GOGAT,and GDH activity in the roots and leaves of T seedlings decreased possibly due to low water potential and NH3toxicity.

The Application of ANP Models in the Web-Based Course Development Quality Evaluation of Landscape Design Course

Xiaoyu Chen,Lifang Qiao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.9

Web-based course is the important method in the landscape design teaching. In this paper, the ANP (Analytic Network Process) model has been adopted to evaluate the quality of the development of on-line courses, so as to provide the basis for preferred on-line courses. Conclude 10 evaluation indicators from 3 aspects of teaching, availability, and technology, and establish ANP model consisting of control layer, network layer, and alternatives. Four web-based courses of landscape design were chosen as the evaluation objects and the SD (Super Decisions) software was used to conduct the calculation. The result shows that: ANP is a practical science decision analysis method, comprehensively considering the mutually influential and feedback relationships of indicators, and is suitable for the evaluation and decision of the complex problems. The development quality evaluation of ANP which is applied in landscape design web-based courses is feasible, and the result of research can provide decision basis to web-based course development.

Dynamic Event-triggered Control for Heterogeneous Leader-following Consensus of Multi-agent Systems Based on Input-to-state Stability

Xiaoyu Li,Dazhong Ma,Xuguang Hu,Qiuye Sun 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.2

By utilizing dynamic event-triggered control strategy, this paper deals with consensus problem of a class of heterogeneous leader-following multi-agent systems(MASs) consisting of a high-dimensional leader system but low-dimensional following systems. A kind of observer-based consensus controllers is put forward with a dynamic event-triggered function consisting of the measurement error and a threshold based on the neighbors’ discrete states to reduce unnecessary utilization of limited communication and computation resources. Meanwhile, a dynamic variable is used to generate the event-triggered law using Input-to-State Stability(ISS) criteria. Based on this criteria, the proposed control strategy ensures stability of MASs, which fully reflects of the relationship between the external control inputs of the following systems and the internal states of the leader system and fully considered the influence of disturbances or noises on the MASs. Furthermore, the Zeno behavior for triggering time sequence is excluded. At last, a numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Frequency Characteristics of the d-q Synchronous-Frame Current Reference Generation Methods for Active Power Filter

Xiaoyu Wang,Jinjun Liu,Jinku Hu,Yuji Meng,Chang Yuan 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

The d-q harmonics detection algorithms are dominant methods to generate current reference for active power filter (APF). They are often processed in synchronous frame and time domain. This paper researches the frequency characteristics of d-q synchronous transformation which are quite related to the design of close loop regulator and analysis of the performance. Intuitively, the synchronous transformation is explained with amplitude modulation (AM) in this paper. Then the synchronous filter is proven as time-invariant linear transformation and modeled with transfer functions in stationary frame and frequency domain. The frequency-domain analytical models imply that the synchronous transformation has an equivalent effect of frequency transformation, with which the synchronous filter achieves a band pass filter from the low pass filter in synchronous frame. To simplify the analytical model, an instantaneous positive/negative sequence frame is proposed as an expansion of symmetrical components theory. Based on these frequency analytical models, the synchronous filter is compared with the traditional filters in stationary frame. Further more, the d-q harmonics detection methods are improved to get rid of the inherent coupling of synchronous transformation. Typical examples are given to verify previous analysis and comparison. Simulation and experimental results are also given.

SOS Based Robust Control for Dynamic Positioning System Subject to Actuator Saturation

Xiaoyu Su,Bin Lin 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.5

In this paper, the problem of thruster saturation is considered for dynamic positioning systems of offshore platforms, specifically, a state feedback controller is developed for polynomial systems subject to actuator saturation. The sufficient conditions of stabilization problem are formulated in the form of sum of squares to ensure the desired H infinity performance, which can be numerically solved via the SOSTOOLS.For the modeling uncertainty problem caused by the uncertain hydrodynamic parameter, the results are extended to the uncertain system for the consideration of wider applications. Finally, simulations are conducted for a system with parameter uncertainties and thrust saturation in dynamic positioning system to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control strategy.

Performance of Mg-Ti modified iron-based catalyst in NH3-SCR of NO at the presence of arsenic: Influence of oxygen and temperature

Xiaoyu Li,Juan Chen,Shouyan Chen,Chunmei Lu,Guangqian Luo,Hong Yao 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.101 No.-

Impact of arsenic on the performance of Mg-Ti modified iron-based catalyst during selective catalyticreduction of NOx with ammonia was studied. The results indicated that Mg and Ti modification not onlyimproved the catalytic activity at 100–350 C, but also exhibited remarkable anti-arsenic ability. Mg wasdominant in the excellent anti-arsenic performance, and this role was firstly recognized. The anti-arsenicmechanism of Mg-Ti modified iron-based catalyst was ascribed to two aspects. One side, Mg exhibitedwell reactivity with arsenic which competed with Fe for the adsorption of arsenic and protected activeiron sites from arsenic occupation. The other side, presence of Mg promoted the formation of MgFe2O4in view of the strong interactions between Mg and Fe, suppressing the interactions between arsenicand Fe. Instead, gaseous arsenic turned to bond with Mg-O sites. Consequently, surface acid sites andfunction Fe-OH/ Fe = O bonds were preserved for de-NOx. Moreover, increase of oxygen content and temperatureweakened the deactivation of Mg-Ti modified iron-based catalyst by arsenic. It was due to theoxidation of As2O3 with oxygen content increase and the strengthened reactivity of non-active iron siteswith arsenic and Mg with arsenic as temperature elevation, inhibiting the interactions between activeiron sites with arsenic.

Factors Associated with Behaviors Toward End-of-life Care Among Chinese Oncology Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Xiaoyu Wu,Zhihuan Zhou,Yiheng Zhang,Xiaoyan Lin,Meng Zhang,Fulin Pu,Meifen Zhang 한국간호과학회 2021 Asian Nursing Research Vol.15 No.5

Purpose The goal of this study was to describe the current status of oncology nurses' behaviors toward end of life (EOL) care in China and to explore the factors associated with oncology nurses’ behaviors toward EOL care. Methods A cross-sectional design was applied and a convenience sample of 1038 oncology nurses from 22 grade A hospitals were recruited into this study. A general social demographic data questionnaire was administered, and the Chinese version of Nurses’ Behaviors of Caring for Dying Patients Scale was used to assess nurse behavior toward EOL care. The total score ranges from 40 to 200 points. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 software. Results Chinese oncology nurses' average score of holistic EOL care behaviors was 2.97 ± 0.59. Oncology nurses provide physical care most (3.81 ± 0.76), followed by family care (3.02 ± 0.86), and spiritual care (2.37 ± 0.67). Multiple regression analysis showed that a higher frequency of sharing EOL care experience with colleagues, in-service palliative care education, higher level of head nurse support for EOL patient care, more cases of EOL care, higher working position, and nurse's perceived high level of support were positively associated with behavior toward EOL care. These six factors explained 16.2% of the total variance. Conclusions The results may help provide a basis for converting behavior for EOL care among oncology nurses and design interventions to better improve quality of life for EOL patients with cancer in China. Purpose The goal of this study was to describe the current status of oncology nurses' behaviors toward end of life (EOL) care in China and to explore the factors associated with oncology nurses’ behaviors toward EOL care. Methods A cross-sectional design was applied and a convenience sample of 1038 oncology nurses from 22 grade A hospitals were recruited into this study. A general social demographic data questionnaire was administered, and the Chinese version of Nurses’ Behaviors of Caring for Dying Patients Scale was used to assess nurse behavior toward EOL care. The total score ranges from 40 to 200 points. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 software. Results Chinese oncology nurses' average score of holistic EOL care behaviors was 2.97 ± 0.59. Oncology nurses provide physical care most (3.81 ± 0.76), followed by family care (3.02 ± 0.86), and spiritual care (2.37 ± 0.67). Multiple regression analysis showed that a higher frequency of sharing EOL care experience with colleagues, in-service palliative care education, higher level of head nurse support for EOL patient care, more cases of EOL care, higher working position, and nurse's perceived high level of support were positively associated with behavior toward EOL care. These six factors explained 16.2% of the total variance. Conclusions The results may help provide a basis for converting behavior for EOL care among oncology nurses and design interventions to better improve quality of life for EOL patients with cancer in China.