Stem-leaf saponins from Panax notoginseng counteract aberrant autophagy and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of mice with cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation

Cao, Yin,Yang, Yingbo,Wu, Hui,Lu, Yi,Wu, Shuang,Liu, Lulu,Wang, Changhong,Huang, Fei,Shi, Hailian,Zhang, Beibei,Wu, Xiaojun,Wang, Zhengtao The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.3

Backgroud: Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs learning and memory by inhibiting hippocampal functioning at molecular and cellular levels. Abnormal autophagy and apoptosis are closely associated with neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. This study is aimed to explore the alleviative effect and the underlying molecular mechanism of stem-leaf saponins of Panax notoginseng (SLSP) on the abnormal neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in hippocampus of mice with impaired learning and memory induced by SD. Methods: Mouse spatial learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze test. Neuronal morphological changes were observed by Nissl staining. Autophagosome formation was examined by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescent staining, acridine orange staining, and transient transfection of the tf-LC3 plasmid. Apoptotic event was analyzed by flow cytometry after PI/annexin V staining. The expression or activation of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting assay. Results: SLSP was shown to improve the spatial learning and memory of mice after SD for 48 h, accomanied with restrained excessive autophage and apoptosis, whereas enhanced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in hippocampal neurons. Meanwhile, it improved the aberrant autophagy and apoptosis induced by rapamycin and re-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling transduction in HT-22 cells, a hippocampal neuronal cell line. Conclusion: SLSP could alleviate cognitive impairment induced by SD, which was achieved probably through suppressing the abnormal autophagy and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. The findings may contribute to the clinical application of SLSP in the prevention or therapy of neurological disorders associated with SD.

Stem-leaf saponins from Panax notoginseng counteract aberrant autophagy and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of mice with cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation

Yin Cao,Yingbo Yang,Hui Wu,Yi Lu,Shuang Wu,Lulu Liu,Changhong Wang,Fei Huang,Hailian Shi,Beibei Zhang,Xiaojun Wu,Zhengtao Wang 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.3

Backgroud: Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs learning and memory by inhibiting hippocampal functioningat molecular and cellular levels. Abnormal autophagy and apoptosis are closely associated with neurodegenerationin the central nervous system. This study is aimed to explore the alleviative effect and theunderlying molecular mechanism of stemeleaf saponins of Panax notoginseng (SLSP) on the abnormalneuronal autophagy and apoptosis in hippocampus of mice with impaired learning and memory inducedby SD. Methods: Mouse spatial learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze test. Neuronalmorphological changes were observed by Nissl staining. Autophagosome formation was examined bytransmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescent staining, acridine orange staining, and transienttransfection of the tf-LC3 plasmid. Apoptotic event was analyzed by flow cytometry after PI/annexin Vstaining. The expression or activation of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins were detected byWestern blotting assay. Results: SLSP was shown to improve the spatial learning and memory of mice after SD for 48 h,accomanied with restrained excessive autophage and apoptosis, whereas enhanced activation of phosphoinositide3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in hippocampalneurons. Meanwhile, it improved the aberrant autophagy and apoptosis induced by rapamycinand re-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling transductionin HT-22 cells, a hippocampal neuronal cell line. Conclusion: SLSP could alleviate cognitive impairment induced by SD, which was achieved probablythrough suppressing the abnormal autophagy and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. The findings maycontribute to the clinical application of SLSP in the prevention or therapy of neurological disordersassociated with SD.

Study Of Acquisition Streetlights Background Signal By Multi-Sensor Array

WU Yue,SHI changhong,YANG Wei 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

The multi-sensor array, such as the sound, light, infrared, vibration etc, is used to get the street lights environmental information. Combined with a variety of clock control strategy for control lamps, it can achieve the background information of perception, detection, identification, and collect the typical characteristics of an effective signal, to rationally determine the threshold value range in the circuit design and lay a solid foundation for the realization of intelligent control of lights. The joint acquisition streetlights background signal through a variety of sensors carried out in a typical experimental design and preparation, principles, introduction, experimental methods and experimental analysis of the results, not only can test the design of control circuit, but also optimize the choice of the sensor models to provide true comparative data. In order to facilitate in a real environment to detect and further identify goals, to achieve the typical information data fusion of specific objectives, the ultimate street intelligent control can be achieved. Experimental results show that the magnetic sensors and infrared sensors detect close proximity, so the model of sensor needs to be replaced or further improved design (such as the optimization of pre-level filtering and amplification circuit design). Acoustic sensors and vibration sensors to detect distance, can meet night lighting control at residents of the community as well as tourist attractions. But there are a lot of distances to meet the use demands of roads and high-speed traffic, the more optimal designs and experiments is need. In addition, a range problem of information synchronize data collection, background noise and a variety of information data crosstalk need to be solved in the joint acquisition experiments, which in the paper were discussed.

Aqueous Extract of Semen <i> Ziziphi Spinosae</i> Exerts Anxiolytic Effects during Nicotine Withdrawal via Improvement of Amygdaloid CRF/CRF1R Signaling

Gu, Changhong,Zhao, ZhengLin,Zhu, Xiaodong,Wu, Tong,Lee, Bong Hyo,Jiao, Yu,Lee, Chul Won,Jung, Dae Hwa,Yang, Chae Ha,Zhao, Rongjie,Kim, Sang Chan Hindawi 2018 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2018 No.-

<P>Anxiety during nicotine withdrawal (NicW) is a key risk factor for smoking relapse. Semen<I> Ziziphi Spinosae</I> (SZS), which is a prototypical hypnotic-sedative herb in Oriental medicine, has been clinically used to treat insomnia and general anxiety disorders for thousands of years. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of the aqueous extract of SZS (AESZS) on NicW-induced anxiety in male rats that received subcutaneous administrations of nicotine (Nic) (0.4 mg/kg, twice a day) for 7 d followed by 4 d of withdrawal. During NicW, the rats received four intragastric treatments of AESZS (60 mg/kg/d or 180 mg/kg/d). AESZS dose-dependently attenuated NicW-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM) tests and 180 mg/kg/d AESZS inhibited NicW-induced increases in plasma corticosterone. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF type 1 receptor (CRF1R) increased in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) during NicW, but these changes were suppressed by 180 mg/kg/d AESZS. A post-AESZS infusion of CRF into the CeA abolished the attenuation of anxiety by AESZS and 180 mg/kg/d AESZS suppressed NicW-induced increases in norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol levels in the CeA. The present results suggest that AESZS ameliorated NicW-induced anxiety via improvements in CRF/CRF1R and noradrenergic signaling in the CeA.</P>

Experimental Application of Pitting Formation for 20MnCr5 Carburized Gear Tooth

Zhang, Jing,Zhang, Qi,Wu, Changhong,Xu, Zhezhu,Lyu, SungKi 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.15 No.5

Gear tooth contact analysis and a FZG gear test rig were applied to study and analyze gear contact fatigue in this paper. Under the range of operating conditions, experiments were performed in the test rig by using standard FZG type C spur gear test specimens which were made from 20MnCr5 gear steel. Test rig, spur gear test specimens, the properties of the gear material were also introduced. After the test, pitting formation was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Two kinds of fatigue spallings caused by subsurface fatigue failure and surface fatigue failure were investigated. And energy spectral analysis for two kinds of fatigue positions were analyzed by the EDS detector, the materials of subsurface fatigue failure are the oxide $Al_2O_3$ and the carbide, and the black textures of surface fatigue failure are the oxide and the non-martensitic material. Through the mechanism analysis of this gear contact fatigue failure, it is founded that reducing the oxygen content in the material, can effectively reduce the oxide inclusions in the steel. It would provide a reliable reference study for 20MnCr5 carburized gear.

The Evaluation of Contact Fatigue Strength for 20MnCr5 Carburized Gear

Zhang, Qi,Zhang, Jing,Wu, Changhong,Xu, Zhezhu,Lyu, SungKi 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.15 No.1

A FZG test rig for determining the contact fatigue characteristics of gear teeth was used in this paper. Under the range of operating conditions, experiments were performed by using standard spur gear test specimens which were made from 20MnCr5 gear alloy steel. Test rig, spur gear test specimens, the properties of the gear material were also introduced as well as the method to determine the stress levels. After the test, a small spalling pitting phenomenon was observed in the vicinity of the test pinion pitch line which is close to the gear tooth root portion. The tooth is subjected to the highest load due to the single tooth pair contact. The test data was analyzed and processed by statistical methods, and the equation parameters of gear contact fatigue and the contact fatigue limit were obtained. The analyzed results showed that the three-parameter Weibull distribution was best to fit the given stress for the contact fatigue life of 20MnCr5 carburized gear with better precision and adaptability. Finally, the P-S-N (Probability-Stress-Life) curves for the contact fatigue strength had been obtained by the reliability theory. It would provide a reliable basis for the reliability design for 20MnCr5 carburized gear fatigue life.

Dynamic increase factor for progressive collapse of semi-rigid steel frames with extended endplate connection

Ying Huang,Yan Wu,Changhong Chen,Zhaohui Huang,Yao Yao 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.31 No.6

As an extremely destructive accident, progressive collapse is defined as the spread of an initial local failure from element to element, resulting eventually in the collapse of an entire structure or disproportionately large of it. To prevent the occurrence of it and evaluate the ability of structure resisting progressive collapse, the nonlinear static procedure is usually adopted in the whole structure design process, which considered dynamic effect by utilizing Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF). In current researches, the determining of DIF is performed in full-rigid frame, however, the performance of beam-column connection in the majority of existing frame structures is not full-rigid. In this study, based on the component method proposed by EC3 guideline, the expression of extended endplate connection performance is further derived, and the connection performance is taken into consideration when evaluated the performance of structure resisting progressive collapse by applying the revised plastic P-M hinge. The DIF for structures with extended endplate beam-column connection have been determined and compared with the DIF permitted in current GSA guideline, the necessity of considering connection stiffness in determining the DIF have been proved.

Experimental Application of Pitting Formation for 20MnCr5 Carburized Gear Tooth

Jing Zhang,류성기,Qi Zhang,Changhong Wu,Zhe-Zhu Xu 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Gear tooth contact analysis and a FZG gear test rig were applied to study and analyze gear contact fatigue in this paper. Under therange of operating conditions, experiments were performed in the test rig by using standard FZG type C spur gear test specimenswhich were made from 20MnCr5 gear steel. Test rig, spur gear test specimens, the properties of the gear material were alsointroduced. After the test, pitting formation was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Two kinds of fatigue spallings causedby subsurface fatigue failure and surface fatigue failure were investigated. And energy spectral analysis for two kinds of fatiguepositions were analyzed by the EDS detector, the materials of subsurface fatigue failure are the oxide Al2O3 and the carbide, and theblack textures of surface fatigue failure are the oxide and the non-martensitic material. Through the mechanism analysis of this gearcontact fatigue failure, it is founded that reducing the oxygen content in the material, can effectively reduce the oxide inclusions inthe steel. It would provide a reliable reference study for 20MnCr5 carburized gear.

The Evaluation of Contact Fatigue Strength for 20MnCr5 Carburized Gear

Qi Zhang,류성기,Jing Zhang,Zhe-Zhu Xu,Changhong Wu 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

A FZG test rig for determining the contact fatigue characteristics of gear teeth was used in this paper. Under the range of operating conditions, experiments were performed by using standard spur gear test specimens which were made from 20MnCr5 gear alloy steel. Test rig, spur gear test specimens, the properties of the gear material were also introduced as well as the method to determine the stress levels. After the test, a small spalling pitting phenomenon was observed in the vicinity of the test pinion pitch line which is close to the gear tooth root portion. The tooth is subjected to the highest load due to the single tooth pair contact. The test data was analyzed and processed by statistical methods, and the equation parameters of gear contact fatigue and the contact fatigue limit were obtained. The analyzed results showed that the three-parameter Weibull distribution was best to fit the given stress for the contact fatigue life of 20MnCr5 carburized gear with better precision and adaptability. Finally, the P-S-N (Probability-Stress-Life) curves for the contact fatigue strength had been obtained by the reliability theory. It would provide a reliable basis for the reliability design for 20MnCr5 carburized gear fatigue life.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals transcriptional and cell subpopulation differences between human and pig immune cells

Li Jie,Xu Yanan,Zhang Jiayu,Zhang Zhaoqi,Guo Han,Wei Dong,Wu Changhong,Hai Tang,Sun Hai-Xi,Zhao Yong 한국유전학회 2024 Genes & Genomics Vol.46 No.3

Background The pig is a promising donor candidate for xenotransplantation. Understanding the differences between human and swine immune systems is critical for addressing xenotransplant rejection and hematopoietic reconstitution. The gene transcriptional profile differences between human and pig immune cell subpopulations have not been studied. To assess the similarities and differences between pigs and humans at the levels of gene transcriptional profiles or cell subpopulations are important for better understanding the cross-species similarity of humans and pigs, and it would help establish the fundamental principles necessary to genetically engineer donor pigs and improve xenotransplantation. Objective To assess the gene transcriptional similarities and differences between pigs and humans. Methods Two pigs and two healthy humans’ PBMCs were sorted for 10 × genomics single-cell sequence. We generated integrated human-pig scRNA-seq data from human and pig PBMCs and defined the overall gene expression landscape of pig peripheral blood immune cell subpopulations by updating the set of human-porcine homologous genes. The subsets of immune cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results There were significantly less T cells, NK cells and monocytes but more B cells in pig peripheral blood than those in human peripheral blood. High oxidative phosphorylation, HIF-1, glycolysis, and lysosome-related gene expressions in pig CD14+ monocytes were observed, whereas pig CD14+ monocytes exhibited lower levels of cytokine receptors and JAK-STAT-related genes. Pig activated CD4+T cells decreased cell adhesion and inflammation, while enriched for migration and activation processes. Porcine GNLY+CD8+T cells reduced cytotoxicity and increased proliferation compared with human GNLY+CD8+T cells. Pig CD2+CD8+γδT cells were functionally homologous to human CD2+CD4+ γδT cells. Pig CD2−CD8−γδT cells expressed genes with quiescent and precursor characteristics, while CD2−CD8+γδT cells expressed migration and memory-related molecules. Pig CD24+ and CD5+B cells are associated with inflammatory responses. Conclusion Our research with integrated scRNA-seq assays identified the different distribution of pig immune cell subpopulations and the different transcriptional profiles of human and pig immune cells. This study enables a deeper understanding of the development and function of porcine immune cells. Background The pig is a promising donor candidate for xenotransplantation. Understanding the differences between human and swine immune systems is critical for addressing xenotransplant rejection and hematopoietic reconstitution. The gene transcriptional profile differences between human and pig immune cell subpopulations have not been studied. To assess the similarities and differences between pigs and humans at the levels of gene transcriptional profiles or cell subpopulations are important for better understanding the cross-species similarity of humans and pigs, and it would help establish the fundamental principles necessary to genetically engineer donor pigs and improve xenotransplantation. Objective To assess the gene transcriptional similarities and differences between pigs and humans. Methods Two pigs and two healthy humans’ PBMCs were sorted for 10 × genomics single-cell sequence. We generated integrated human-pig scRNA-seq data from human and pig PBMCs and defined the overall gene expression landscape of pig peripheral blood immune cell subpopulations by updating the set of human-porcine homologous genes. The subsets of immune cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results There were significantly less T cells, NK cells and monocytes but more B cells in pig peripheral blood than those in human peripheral blood. High oxidative phosphorylation, HIF-1, glycolysis, and lysosome-related gene expressions in pig CD14+ monocytes were observed, whereas pig CD14+ monocytes exhibited lower levels of cytokine receptors and JAK-STAT-related genes. Pig activated CD4+T cells decreased cell adhesion and inflammation, while enriched for migration and activation processes. Porcine GNLY+CD8+T cells reduced cytotoxicity and increased proliferation compared with human GNLY+CD8+T cells. Pig CD2+CD8+γδT cells were functionally homologous to human CD2+CD4+ γδT cells. Pig CD2−CD8−γδT cells expressed genes with quiescent and precursor characteristics, while CD2−CD8+γδT cells expressed migration and memory-related molecules. Pig CD24+ and CD5+B cells are associated with inflammatory responses. Conclusion Our research with integrated scRNA-seq assays identified the different distribution of pig immune cell subpopulations and the different transcriptional profiles of human and pig immune cells. This study enables a deeper understanding of the development and function of porcine immune cells.