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Wenke Wang,Jaimyun Jung,Chao Cui,Wenzhen Chen,Yang Yu,Peng Li,Wencong Zhang,Renlong Xiong,김형섭 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.4
In this work, the anisotropy variation of tensile flow stress for AZ31 magnesium alloys was investigated at various temperaturesand tensile strains with the help of the visco-plastic self-consistent model. The results showed that the anisotropyof flow stress was weakened with the increase of tensile temperature, while such anisotropy presented a slightly increasingstage first and then a continuously decreasing stage with the increase of tensile strain. During the tension deformation, theactivations of basal slip and tension twinning, together contributed to the development of a (0002)//LD (LD: loading direction)type texture. In contrast, the activations of prismatic slip produced a ⟨10–10⟩//LD type texture. Such texture variationsinfluenced the Taylor factors, but did not cause significant differences in the flow stress. By comparison, the difference inthe macroscopic average resolved shear stress, which was calculated according to the critical resolved shear stress of eachdeformation mode and their respective activation fractions, decreased significantly with the increase of tensile temperatureor tensile strain. This was the major reason for the decline of the tension deformation behavior anisotropy.
Wenke Wang,Yuepeng Song,Dongsheng Gao,Eun Yoo Yoon,이동준,이종수,김형섭 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.5
High pressure torsion (HPT) is useful for achieving substantial grain refinement to ultrafine grained/nanocrystalline states in bulk metallic solids. Most publications that analyzed the HPT process used experimental and numerical simulation approaches, whereas theoretical stress analyses for the HPT process are rare. Because of the key role of compression stage for the deformation of HPT, this paper aims to conduct a theoretical analysis and to establish a practical formula for stress and forming parameters of HPT process using the slab analysis method. Three equations were obtained via equations derivation to describe the normal stress states corresponding to the three zones of plastic deformation for HPT process as stick zone, drag zone and slip zone. As to the compression stage of HPT, the stress distribution results using the finite element method agree well with those using the slab analysis method. There are drag and stick zones on the contact surface of the HPT sample, as verified by the finite element method (FEM) and slab analysis method.
Wenk, C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.1
Animal feed additives are used worldwide for many different reasons. Some help to cover the needs of essential nutrients and others to increase growth performance, feed intake and therefore optimize feed utilization. They can positively effect technological properties and product quality. The health status of animals with a high growth performance is a predominant argument in the choice of feed additives. In many countries the use of feed additives is more and more questioned by the consumers: substances such as antibiotics and $\beta$-agonists with expected high risks are banned in animal diets. Therefore, the feed industry is highly interested in valuable alternatives which could be accepted by the consumers. Probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and highly available minerals as well as herbs can be seen as alternatives to metabolic modifiers and antibiotics.
Herbs and Botanicals as Feed Additives in Monogastric Animals
Wenk, Caspar Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.2
Animal feed additives are used worldwide for many different reasons. Some help to cover the needs of essential nutrients and others to increase growth performance, feed intake and therefore optimize feed utilization. The health status of animals with a high growth performance is a predominant argument in the choice of feed additives. The use of feed additives is more and more questioned by the consumers. Therefore, the feed industry is highly interested in valuable alternatives which could be accepted by the consumers. Probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and highly available minerals as well as herbs can be seen as alternatives. Herbs, spices and their extracts (botanicals) have a wide range of activities. They can stimulate feed intake and endogenous secretions or have antimicrobial, coccidiostatic or anthelmintic activity. A major field of application of herbs is the protection of animals and their products against oxidation.
Lingyan Zhang,Wenke Liu 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.4
For more plant species to be suitable for plant factory production, their optimal light regimes need to be optimized. We evaluatedthe efects of light quality, light intensity, and photoperiod on the growth and yield of cherry radish grown under redplus blue LEDs in a controlled environment. Radish plants were cultivated under two light qualities with diferent red:blueratios (1R:1B, 2R:1B) at three light intensities (180, 240, 300 μmol m−2 s−1) or two photoperiods (12 h/12 h, 16 h/8 h),respectively. The light quality 2R:1B increased root diameter, root volume, and the biomass of shoot and root comparedto light quality 1R:1B under a light intensity of 240 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1, but the growth diferences between 1R:1B and2R:1B were signifcant when the light intensity was 240 μmol m−2 s−1. New leaf chlorophyll content, root growth indicesand the root-shoot ratio increased with light intensity. Cherry radish only formed storage roots with commercial value whenlight intensity was equal to or over 240 μmol m−2 s−1. The root diameter, root volume, root-shoot ratio, and the biomass ofshoot and root of plants grown in the 2R:1B treatment was signifcantly higher than those in the 1R:1B treatment under the16 h/8 h photoperiod. However, no signifcant diference was observed in the 12 h/12 h photoperiod. These results indicatedthat light regime in combination with a light intensity between 240 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1, the light quality 2R:1B, and a16 h/8 h photoperiod produced appropriate growth of cherry radish in plant factory settings using an LED light source. Inconclusion, the production of commercial storage roots in cherry radish is primarily dependent on light intensity, followed bylight quality and photoperiod. Furthermore, the efectiveness of light quality regulation of storage roots was highly dependedon light intensity and photoperiod.
Mingjie Shao,Wenke Liu,Lingyan Zha,Chengbo Zhou,Yubin Zhang,Baoshi Li 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.6
This study investigated the eff ects of constant light and alternating relatively high-intensity (500 μmol m −2 s −1 ) and lowintensity(150 μmol m −2 s −1 ) red–blue LEDs (4R:1B) on the biomass production and quality of hydroponic purple-leaf lettuce( Lactuca sativa L. cv. ‘Zishan’) in an environmentally controlled plant factory. Four treatments were set up to separate1 h of high light into four diff erent alternating frequencies in a 24-h light−dark cycle (16/8 h): one time (A1), three times(A3), six times (A6), and twelve times (A12). In addition, one constant light treatment with the same daily light integral(DLI, 9.8 mol m −2 per day) as other treatments was set as the control (CK, 170 μmol m −2 s −1 ). The results indicated thatA6 signifi cantly reduced shoot fresh weight and increased the root–shoot ratio of lettuce compared with CK, but there wasno signifi cant diff erence among other treatments. Alternating light treatments did not promote the accumulation of solublesugar, soluble protein, and phenolic substances compared with CK. Meanwhile, A12 signifi cantly promoted the accumulationof total ascorbate (TA) in lettuce leaves compared with other treatments but decreased ascorbate/TA ratio. Above all, underthe same DLI condition, alternating high and low light did not have obvious positive eff ects on biomass production and theaccumulation of nutrient substance in lettuce under constant light was better than that under alternating light. Therefore,compared with the fl uctuating radiation with the same DLI, constant radiation is a better choice for lettuce production.
Yuepeng Song,Wenke Wang,이동준,정혁재,이성학,김형섭 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.1
Distinction between plastic deformation occuring in compression and compression–torsion stages isimportant for understanding the properties and microstructures of materials processed by high-pressure torsion(HPT). In the present study, remarkable through-thickness inhomogeneities of hardness and microstructurewere found in the samples processed by compression stage of HPT. Three regions on the radialdirection plane of compressed disks were defined to display the inhomogeneity: edge zone (high hardness),radial medium zone (uniform hardness) and center zone (low hardness near the surface and highhardness in the thickness central plane). A low hardness region in the center near the surface was detectedand found to stretch along the upper and bottom surfaces of the disks compressed by low pressure. Thislow hardness region was also found to decrease with increasing the pressure. Not only the hardness butalso the microstructure through-thickness inhomogeneity is attributed to stress and strain distribution in thedisk as well as to a huge friction between the anvil and the disk during processing.