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Ulla A. Saari,Saku J. Mäkinen 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7
The target of this paper is to introduce a general brand experience measurement scale that can be used to measure brand experiences of the stakeholders of a company. It is proposed that also stakeholders’ brand experiences can be measured with a measurement scale developed for consumer marketing research. In literature, there are various different kinds of individual brand constructs and measurement frameworks that have been developed for tracking consumers’ brand perceptions; however, these models have not been frequently used to measure brandrelated aspects outside consumer-centric situations. The tracking of stakeholders’ brand experiences can help companies to position their brands better in the tightening global competition where also stakeholders have a critical role and can influence the performance of the company (Hult, Mena, Ferrell, & Ferrell, 2011). Brands are experienced via stimuli that can be either controlled by the company, including, for example, advertisements, logos, sales environments, sales packages, and services, or then they are out of their control, for example, brand related information can spread freely on the social media or by word-of-mouth (Brakus, Schmitt, & Zarantonello, 2009; Keller, 2013). Thus, it can be said that the measurement of brand experiences can give valuable information to the company on what is the status and reputation of the brand. However, it is not only the customers or consumers that have brand experiences, also stakeholders encounter brands and the way they experience them on the personal level can have a major impact on how they interact and promote the brand in other contexts. Some B2B marketing theories have brought up the importance of understanding long-term relationships between buyers and sellers, including experiences associated with the relationship (Hadjikhani & LaPlaca, 2013) as well as purchase risks (Brown, Zablah, Bellenger, & Johnston, 2011). Brands are experienced via stimuli that can be either controlled by the company, including, for example, advertisements, logos, sales environments, sales packages, and services, or then they are out of their control, for example, brand related information can spread freely on the social media or by word-of-mouth (Brakus, Schmitt, & Zarantonello, 2009; Keller, 2013). Thus, it can be said that the measurement of brand experiences can give valuable information to the company on what is the status and reputation of the brand. However, it is not only the customers or consumers that have brand experiences, also stakeholders encounter brands and the way they experience them on the personal level can have a major impact on how they interact and promote the brand in other contexts. Some B2B marketing theories have brought up the importance of understanding long-term relationships between buyers and sellers, including experiences associated with the relationship (Hadjikhani & LaPlaca, 2013) as well as purchase risks (Brown, Zablah, Bellenger, & Johnston, 2011). Brand experiences can be measured, for example, with a measurement scale (Brakus et al., 2009) that has been extended with an eco-friendliness dimension (Saari, 2016). This model has been tested with consumers, and this paper argues that the same scale can be useful for monitoring the brand experiences of other stakeholders as well. The extended brand experience scale can be used to monitor whether consumers and stakeholders experience a certain brand to be ecofriendly, and how positively or negatively they are inclined towards the eco-friendliness of the brand experiences. With the raising focus on stakeholders’ important role in solving environmental problems, the role of stakeholder marketing becomes more critical for a company (Homburg, Stierl, & Bornemann, 2013). And in this situation it becomes also more crucial to follow up what are the brand experiences of stakeholders. The stakeholders’ brand experiences can give a strong indication is the company implementing its strategy correctly and are all the essential elements transparently and authentically communicated to the stakeholders, especially with regard to the environmental development activities that are reflected in the eco-friendliness dimension of brand experiences.
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The trap of pop-charisma for the institutionalization of Indonesia's post-Suharto parties
Ulla Fionna 서울대학교행정대학원 2016 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.24 No.1
This article investigates how the Indonesian party system has created parties that increasingly rely on charisma for support and votes. Initially associated with divinely bestowed qualities, the concept of charisma has evolved to emphasize popularity and recognizability instead. In Indonesia, this tendency has combined with direct elections to distract parties from their ideal functions of developing platforms and programmes. Instead, parties have sought to pick and choose candidates that are popular to front their campaign. This has contributed to the formation of dysfunctional parties that are opportunistic, corrupt, and rentseeking. As Indonesian parties continue their struggle to prove themselves by relying on the ephemeral attraction of personal charisma, the resultant incapacity to develop solid organization will continue to be a crippling trap for them.
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Ulla-Maija Haltia,Ralf Bützow,Arto Leminen,Mikko Loukovaara 대한부인종양학회 2014 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.25 No.1
Objective: The surgical staging system for endometrial carcinoma developed by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) in 1988 was revised in 2009. Given the importance of continuous validation of the prognostic performance of staging systems, we analyzed the disease specific survival for patients with endometrial carcinoma using FIGO 1988 and 2009 systems. Further, the stage distribution of endometrioid and nonendometrioid carcinomas was studied. Methods: Eight hundred twenty-one women with endometrial carcinoma were retrospectively staged using FIGO 1988 and 2009 systems. Results: FIGO 1988 IC was associated with an inferior survival compared with IA-IB. Survival overlapped for 1988 IA and IB, for 1988 IC and IIA, and for 2009 IB and II. FIGO 2009 IA-II patients with negative peritoneal cytology had a superior survival compared with 1988 IIIA patients with positive cytology only. The survival was similar for 1988 IIIA with positive cytology only and for 2009 IIIA. Cox proportional hazards model recognized grade 3 endometrioid and nonendometrioid histology, tumor spread beyond the uterine corpus and cervix, and positive peritoneal cytology as significant predictors of death. Among 2009 IIIC substages, the proportion of IIIC2 tumors was higher for nonendometrioid than for endometrioid carcinomas (p=0.003). Conclusion: Stage I with deep myometrial invasion and stage II endometrial carcinoma seem to have similar survival outcomes. Although positive peritoneal cytology does not alter the stage according to the FIGO 2009 system, it should be considered a poor prognostic sign. The high proportion of nonendometrioid carcinomas in the stage IIIC2 category may reflect different patterns of retroperitoneal spread among tumors with different histologic subtypes.
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Chembazhi, Ullas Valiya,Patil, Vinod Vikas,Sah, Shivjee,Reeve, Wayne,Tiwari, Ravi P.,Woo, Euijeon,Varshney, Umesh Oxford University Press 2017 Nucleic acids research Vol.45 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Repair of uracils in DNA is initiated by <B>u</B>racil <B>D</B>NA <B>g</B>lycosylases (UDGs). Family 1 UDGs (Ung) are the most efficient and ubiquitous proteins having an exquisite specificity for uracils in DNA. Ung are characterized by motifs A (GQDPY) and B (HPSPLS) sequences. We report a novel dimeric UDG, Blr0248 (<I>Bdi</I>Ung) from <I>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</I>. Although <I>Bdi</I>Ung contains the motif A (GQDPA), it has low sequence identity to known UDGs. <I>Bdi</I>Ung prefers single stranded DNA and excises uracil, 5-hydroxymethyl-uracil or xanthine from it. <I>Bdi</I>Ung is impervious to inhibition by AP DNA, and Ugi protein that specifically inhibits family 1 UDGs. Crystal structure of <I>Bdi</I>Ung shows similarity with the family 4 UDGs in its overall fold but with family 1 UDGs in key active site residues. However, instead of a classical motif B, <I>Bdi</I>Ung has a uniquely extended protrusion explaining the lack of Ugi inhibition. Structural and mutational analyses of <I>Bdi</I>Ung have revealed the basis for the accommodation of diverse substrates into its substrate binding pocket. Phylogenetically, <I>Bdi</I>Ung belongs to a new UDG family. <I>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</I> presents a unique scenario where the presence of at least four families of UDGs may compensate for the absence of an efficient family 1 homologue.</P>
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