Soil properties and microbial functional structure in the rhizosphere of <i>Pinus densiflora</i> (S. and Z.) exposed to elevated atmospheric temperature and carbon dioxide

Ultra Jr., Venecio U.,Han, Sim-Hee,Kim, Du-Hyun Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2013 Journal of forest research Vol.18 No.2

Effects of Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Wood Vinegar Mixtures on Rice Growth and Soil Properties

Kang Wook Jeong,Bo Sung Kim,Venecio U. Ultra, Jr,Sang Chul Lee 한국작물학회 2015 Korean journal of crop science Vol.60 No.3

Environment-friendly growth enhancers for rice are being promoted to reverse the negative impact of intensive chemical-based and conventional rice farming on yield sustainability and environmental problems. Several rhizosphere microorganisms and pyroligneous acids (PA) had demonstrated beneficial influence on growth, yield and grain quality of rice. Since most of the previous study had evaluated the effect of PGPR and PA on paddy rice singly, the effect of combined application of these on the growth and yield of paddy rice and on some soil chemical properties were determined. A four factorial pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PGPR, PA in combination with fertilizers and on different soil types. There were 54 treatment combinations including the control with three replications under complete randomized design. Plant growth parameters were evaluated using standard procedures during tillering and heading stages. Rice yield and some soil chemical properties were determined at harvest. Results showed that inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis and Fusarium fujikuroi enhanced plant growth by increasing the plant height which could be ascribe to its ability to promote IAA and GA production in plants. Inoculation of Rhizobium phaseoli enhanced chlorophyll content indicative to its ability to improve the N nutrition. However, these plant growth benefits during the vegetative stage were override by the fertilizer application effect especially during the maturity stage and grain yield. High fertilization rates on coarse-textured soil without nutrient loss resulted to high available nutrients and consequently high yield. Wood vinegar application however improved nutrient availability in soil which could be beneficial for improving soil quality. Further evaluation is necessary to fully assess the potential benefits that could be derived from inoculation of these organisms and wood vinegar application in different soil environment especially under different field conditions.

Effects of Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Wood Vinegar Mixtures on Rice Growth and Soil Properties

정강욱,김보성,Venecio U. Ultra, Jr.,이상철 한국작물학회 2015 Korean journal of crop science Vol.60 No.3

Environment-friendly growth enhancers for rice are being promoted to reverse the negative impact of intensive chemical-based and conventional rice farming on yield sustainability and environmental problems. Several rhizosphere microorganisms and pyroligneous acids (PA) had demonstrated beneficial influence on growth, yield and grain quality of rice. Since most of the previous study had evaluated the effect of PGPR and PA on paddy rice singly, the effect of combined application of these on the growth and yield of paddy rice and on some soil chemical properties were determined. A four factorial pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PGPR, PA in combination with fertilizers and on different soil types. There were 54 treatment combinations including the control with three replications under complete randomized design. Plant growth parameters were evaluated using standard procedures during tillering and heading stages. Rice yield and some soil chemical properties were determined at harvest. Results showed that inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis and Fusarium fujikuroi enhanced plant growth by increasing the plant height which could be ascribe to its ability to promote IAA and GA production in plants. Inoculation of Rhizobium phaseoli enhanced chlorophyll content indicative to its ability to improve the N nutrition. However, these plant growth benefits during the vegetative stage were override by the fertilizer application effect especially during the maturity stage and grain yield. High fertilization rates on coarse-textured soil without nutrient loss resulted to high available nutrients and consequently high yield. Wood vinegar application however improved nutrient availability in soil which could be beneficial for improving soil quality. Further evaluation is necessary to fully assess the potential benefits that could be derived from inoculation of these organisms and wood vinegar application in different soil environment especially under different field conditions. Keywords : Bacillus licheniformis, Fusarium fujikuroi, Paddy soil, Rhizobium phaseoli, Wood vinegar

Physiological Responses and Phytoextraction Potential of Pinus thunbergii on Cd-contaminated Soil

한심희,김두현,ULTRA VENECIO JR,이재천 한국산림과학회 2010 한국산림과학회지 Vol.99 No.5

We investigated physiological responses and phytoextraction ability of Pinus thunbergii in cadmium contaminated soil as part of our efforts in identifying plant materials for the restoration and revegetation of forest soil contaminated by heavy metals. Thirty seedlings (ten per treatment) were assigned to three treatments (control, 0.3 and 0.6 mM CdSO4 solution) at first year experiment. At second year, ten seedlings per treatment treated with Cd during the first year experiment were divided by two groups (no Cd-treated and consecutive Cd-treated group). At first experiment, photosynthetic pigment content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities have significantly reduced by Cd application, and the reduction rate was increased much higher as the rate of Cd application increased. On the other hand, thiol and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly increased at the application of 0.6 mM of Cd. At the second year experiment, a general increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid content was observed with Cd treatment while SOD and GR activities showed a relative reduction compared to the control. Similar to the first year measurement, thiol and MDA contents also increased considerably due to Cd treatment. At harvest, dry matter was significantly reduced by Cd treatment especially at the rate of 0.6 mM Cd, but dry yield of P. thunbergii treated with 0.3 mM Cd was less affected and it was comparable with the control seedling. Cadmium concentration in seedling tissues increased with increasing Cd application rate while Cd uptake was higher in seedlings supplied with 0.3 mM Cd, which could be ascribed to their high dry matter. Overall, our study has demonstrated the unique physiological response of P. thunbergii to Cd-prolonged exposure by showing that the changes in photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidative enzyme activities were dependent on the concentration and duration of treatment. In addition, our results have demonstrated the potential of P. thunbergii to withstand up to 0.3 mM Cd (equivalent to cumulative Cd concentration of 134.4 to 268 mg kg−1) without showing growth reduction, hence it might be used for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated areas.

Influence of Yeast-treated Rice By-products on Growth, Yield and Grain Quality of Rice

서필대,이상철,John Paolo Nunez,박재상,ULTRA VENECIO JR 한국작물학회 2013 Korean journal of crop science Vol.58 No.2

The use of agricultural by-products as alternative nutrient sources in crop production had gained popularity in order to reducing the rate of chemical fertilizer application in the field. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of rice milling by-products treated with yeast inoculants could substitute, or reduce the rate of chemical fertilizer application. The results of agronomic measurements showed that the effect of incorporated materials was not immediate, as compared to 100% chemical fertilizer application. However, grain yield and quality was either the same or greater than 100% chemical fertilizer application. It was found out that expanded rice hull (treated with yeast or not) could reduce the rate of applying chemical fertilizers by half. Also, yeast treatment was only favorable only to expanded rice hull and not with rice bran, and was already found to be a potential material in reducing chemical fertilizer application in rice production

연구보문 : 사회과학 ; 남아시아의 차 산업실태 및 네팔의 차 생산과 교역의 잠재력과 전망

( Nitu Rani Mishra ),장우환 ( Woo Whan Jang ),( Venecio U Ultra Jr ),이상철 ( Sang Chul Lee ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

차 (Tea)는 네팔을 포함한 남아시아의 주요 농산물 수출품목 중에 하나이다. 네팔의 차 생산은 150년 전에 시작되었지만, 상업적인 생산 규모는 발전 가능성이 있음에도 불구하고 초창기 모습 그대로이다. 차 생산에서 우위를 차지하고 있는 인도, 스리랑카, 방글라데시와 같이 네팔은 좋은 품질의 차를 생산할 수 있는 큰 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 그리고 현재 차 산업의 선도자로 남아시아 국가의 잠재력을 강화하기 위해 남아시아지역협력연합 (South Asian Association for the Regional Cooperation, SAARC)은 각 회원국의 National Tea board가 차 산업을 육성할 수 있도록 지원하기 위하여 차 위원회를 설립할 예정이다. 이러한 남아시아지역협력연합의 차 위원회 설립에 맞추어 본 연구는 남아시아 차 산업에서 부각되고 있는 네팔의 차 생산과 소비, 그리고 수출 경향을 다른 남아시아 국가와 비교하여 분석하였다. 남아시아는 전세계 차 생산량의 약 1/3를 생산하고 있으며, 대표적인 차 생산국가는 인도, 스리랑카, 방글라데시, 네팔이다. 남아시아 중에서 네팔은 연간 약 1만8천톤의 차를 생산하고 있으며, 최근 20여년간(1994 ~ 2012) 차 생산량이 약 100배(196톤 → 18,309톤) 가까이 급증하고 있다. 네팔의 차 산업은 수출증대를 통해 외화획득과 경제발전에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 차 생산과 가공산업에 참여하는 농가와 농촌여성의 고용창출 측면에서 매우 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. Camellia sinesis tea is one of the main agricultural export commodity for South Asian countries including Nepal. Tea production in Nepal started over 150 years ago, but its commercial scale production is still at its infancy with indications for future expansions. Nepal, in addition to other top tea producing countries such as India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, has a huge potential of producing quality tea. To strengthen the potential of the South Asian countries as the global leader in tea industry, the South Asian Association for the Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Tea Council will be established to support the National tea boards of each member countries in promoting and establishing tea products as an important agricultural export commodity of the region. In anticipation of the establishment of SAARC, this study was conducted to analyze the international trade of South Asian tea industries with special emphasis on the emerging Nepalese tea industry. This paper reviews the status of tea production, consumption and exports in South Asian nations, and compares the potential and strengths of each South Asian countries. The objective is to analyze the trends of production, consumption and export in/from Nepal, compare it with other South Asian nations and identify opportunities and threats of the industry in the near future.

Effects of Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Wood Vinegar Mixtures on Rice Growth and Soil Properties

Jeong, Kang Wook,Kim, Bo Sung,Ultra, Venecio U. Jr.,Chul, Sang The Korean Society of Crop Science 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.3

Environment-friendly growth enhancers for rice are being promoted to reverse the negative impact of intensive chemical-based and conventional rice farming on yield sustainability and environmental problems. Several rhizosphere microorganisms and pyroligneous acids (PA) had demonstrated beneficial influence on growth, yield and grain quality of rice. Since most of the previous study had evaluated the effect of PGPR and PA on paddy rice singly, the effect of combined application of these on the growth and yield of paddy rice and on some soil chemical properties were determined. A four factorial pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PGPR, PA in combination with fertilizers and on different soil types. There were 54 treatment combinations including the control with three replications under complete randomized design. Plant growth parameters were evaluated using standard procedures during tillering and heading stages. Rice yield and some soil chemical properties were determined at harvest. Results showed that inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis and Fusarium fujikuroi enhanced plant growth by increasing the plant height which could be ascribe to its ability to promote IAA and GA production in plants. Inoculation of Rhizobium phaseoli enhanced chlorophyll content indicative to its ability to improve the N nutrition. However, these plant growth benefits during the vegetative stage were override by the fertilizer application effect especially during the maturity stage and grain yield. High fertilization rates on coarse-textured soil without nutrient loss resulted to high available nutrients and consequently high yield. Wood vinegar application however improved nutrient availability in soil which could be beneficial for improving soil quality. Further evaluation is necessary to fully assess the potential benefits that could be derived from inoculation of these organisms and wood vinegar application in different soil environment especially under different field conditions.

Research Articles : Physiological Responses and Phytoextraction Potential of Pinus thunbergii on Cd-contaminated Soil

( Sim Hee Han ),( Du Hyun Kim ),( Venecio U. Ultra Jr ),( Jae Cheon Lee ) 한국임학회 2010 한국산림과학회지 Vol.99 No.5

We investigated physiological responses and phytoextraction ability of Pinus thunbergii in cadmium contaminated soil as part of our efforts in identifying plant materials for the restoration and revegetation of forest soil contaminated by heavy metals. Thirty seedlings (ten per treatment) were assigned to three treatments (control, 0.3 and 0.6 mM CdSO4 solution) at first year experiment. At second year, ten seedlings per treatment treated with Cd during the first year experiment were divided by two groups (no Cd-treated and consecutive Cd-treated group). At first experiment, photosynthetic pigment content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities have significantly reduced by Cd application and the reduction rate was increased much higher as the rate of Cd application increased. On the other hand, thiol and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly increased at the application of 0.6 mM of Cd. At the second year experiment a general increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid content was observed with Cd treatment while SOD and GR activities showed a relative reduction compared to the control. Similar to the first year measurement, thiol and MDA contents also increased considerably due to Cd treatment. At harvest, dry matter was significantly reduced by Cd treatment especially at the rate of 0.6 mM Cd, but dry yield of P. thunbergii treated with 0.3 mM Cd was less affected and it was comparable with the control seedling. Cadmium concentration in seedling tissues increased with increasing Cd application rate while Cd uptake was higher in seedlings supplied with 0.3 mM Cd, which could be ascribed to their high dry matter. Overall, our study has demonstrated the unique physiological response of P. thunbergii to Cd-prolonged exposure by showing that the changes in photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidative enzyme activities were dependent on the concentration and duration of treatment. In addition, our results have demonstrated the potential of P. thunbergii to withstand up to 0.3 mM Cd (equivalent to cumulative Cd concentration of 134.4 to 268 mg kg-1) without showing growth reduction, hence it might be used for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated areas.

Physiological Responses and Phytoextraction Potential of Pinus thunbergii on Cd-contaminated Soil

Han, Sim-Hee,Kim, Du-Hyun,Ultra, Venecio U. Jr.,Lee, Jae-Cheon Korean Society of Forest Science 2010 한국산림과학회지 Vol.99 No.5

We investigated physiological responses and phytoextraction ability of Pinus thunbergii in cadmium contaminated soil as part of our efforts in identifying plant materials for the restoration and revegetation of forest soil contaminated by heavy metals. Thirty seedlings (ten per treatment) were assigned to three treatments (control, 0.3 and 0.6 mM $CdSO_4$ solution) at first year experiment. At second year, ten seedlings per treatment treated with Cd during the first year experiment were divided by two groups (no Cd-treated and consecutive Cd-treated group). At first experiment, photosynthetic pigment content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities have significantly reduced by Cd application, and the reduction rate was increased much higher as the rate of Cd application increased. On the other hand, thiol and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly increased at the application of 0.6 mM of Cd. At the second year experiment, a general increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid content was observed with Cd treatment while SOD and GR activities showed a relative reduction compared to the control. Similar to the first year measurement, thiol and MDA contents also increased considerably due to Cd treatment. At harvest, dry matter was significantly reduced by Cd treatment especially at the rate of 0.6 mM Cd, but dry yield of P. thunbergii treated with 0.3 mM Cd was less affected and it was comparable with the control seedling. Cadmium concentration in seedling tissues increased with increasing Cd application rate while Cd uptake was higher in seedlings supplied with 0.3 mM Cd, which could be ascribed to their high dry matter. Overall, our study has demonstrated the unique physiological response of P. thunbergii to Cd-prolonged exposure by showing that the changes in photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidative enzyme activities were dependent on the concentration and duration of treatment. In addition, our results have demonstrated the potential of P. thunbergii to withstand up to 0.3 mM Cd (equivalent to cumulative Cd concentration of 134.4 to 268 mg $kg^{-1}$) without showing growth reduction, hence it might be used for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated areas.

Soil Nutrient Status of Different Ginseng Production Areas in South Korea

Ma. Rosnah U. Rubenecia(로스나 울트라 루베네시아),Pil Dae Seo(서필대),Sang Chul Lee(이상철),Venecio U Ultra, Jr.(베네시오 울트라 주니어),Chung Beom Park(박충범),Young Sup Ahn(안영섭) 한국약용작물학회 2013 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.2