http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Quechua Language Revitalization Policies and Planning in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador
Tuba Yilmaz(Tuba Yilmaz ) 전남대학교 교육문제연구소 2023 New Horizons of Educational Research Vol.3 No.1
The Quechua language, spoken by indigenous Quechuans, faced endangerment due to the widespread use of Spanish. This paper explored the language revitalization policies for Quechua language in South American countries, particularly Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. The paper began by presenting a concise overview of Quechua and the Quechuan community, elucidating the factors contributing to Quechua's endangered status and the prevalence of Spanish monolingualism. Subsequently, it delved into an exploration of language revitalization policies and challenges within each country, framed by corpus planning, status planning, acquisition planning, and prestige planning. The paper concluded with a discussion on the outcomes of Quechua revitalization efforts. This paper offered valuable insights for countries adopting a 'language as a resource approach,' and particularly those endeavoring to implement additive policies for their extinct, endangered, or threatened languages.
Tuba Demirel,Md. Mahbubor Rahman,Kemal Şahin Tunçel,Ismail Karacan 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.11
Thermal-oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber pretreated with ammonium bromide (NH4Br) wasperformed in the air atmosphere at temperatures between 200 and 250 °C for periods of 5 to 75 min in a multistep approach. The study demonstrates that the NH4Br incorporation is highly effective in accelerating nitrile group cyclization by reducingthe time required to form a thermally stable structure. After 60 min of the multistep stabilization, NH4Br incorporated andstabilized PAN was entirely thermally stable, infusible, and non-burning. XRD analysis showed the conversion of the pristinePAN molecular structure from a laterally ordered condition to a very disordered amorphous structure by crosslinking andaromatization process. Infrared analysis indicated rapid and concurrent aromatization and dehydrogenation reactions assistedby the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups. With the progression of the stabilization period, TGA thermogramsrevealed a comparative increase in thermal stability, as directed by the continuous rise of carbon yield. By decreasing therequired time for the stabilization process of PAN fiber, the use of NH4Br impregnation is expected to enhance carbon fiberproductivity at a reduced cost considerably.
TIMELIKE HELICES IN THE SEMI-EUCLIDEAN SPACE E42
Tuba Agirman Aydin,Rabil Ayazoglu,Huseyin Kocayigit 호남수학회 2022 호남수학학술지 Vol.44 No.3
In this paper, we define timelike curves in R^4_2 and characterize such curves in terms of Frenet frame. Also, we examine the timelike helices of R^4_2 , taking into account their curvatures. In addition, we study timelike slant helices, timelike B_1-slant helices, timelike B_2-slant helices in four dimensional semi-Euclidean space, R^4_2 . And then we obtain an approximate solution for the timelike B1 slant helix with Taylor matrix collocation method.
Copper Oxide Thin Films Synthesized by SILAR: Role of Varying Annealing Temperature
Tuba ÇAYIR TAŞDEMİRCİ 대한금속·재료학회 2020 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.16 No.3
To coat CuO thin flms on the glass surface, an easily controlled successive ionic layer absorption and reaction methodwas used. CuO thin flms were grown at room temperature. The CuO thin flms obtained were annealed for 30 min at 200,300 and 400 °C. The changes caused by annealing temperature on nanostructured CuO thin flms were studied. Structural,morphological, optical and molecular properties of annealed CuO thin flms were investigated. For this analysis, X-ray diffraction,Scanning electron microscopy, Atomic force microscopy, RAMAN and Optical absorption spectroscopy (UV–Vis)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy devices were used.
Tuba Bayindir,Aliye Filiz,Mustafa Iraz,Serdar Kaya,Mehmet Tan,Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu 대한이비인후과학회 2013 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.6 No.1
Objectives. This experimental study investigated the possible protective effect of beta glucans on amikacin ototoxicity. Methods. Thirty-eight rats with normal distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were divided into four groups. Group K was the control group. Group A was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with amikacin 600 mg/kg/day between days 1-15. Group AB was given beta glucan gavage 1 mg/kg/day on days 0-15 and given amikacin 600 mg/kg/day i.m. on days 1-15. Group B was administered only beta glucan gavage, 1 mg/kg/day, on days 0-15. The DPOAEs were elicited in different frequency regions between 2,003 and 9,515 Hz, as distortion product diagrams (DPgrams), before and after the medication was administered, in all groups, on days 1, 5, 10, and 15. Results. No significant changes in the DPgrams were observed in group K. In group A, significant deterioration was observed at the 8,003 and 9,515 Hz frequencies on day 10, and at the 3,991, 4,557, 5,660, 6,726, 8,003, and 9,515 Hz frequencies on day 15. For group AB, statistically significant deterioration was observed at the 2,824, 8,003, and 9,515 Hz frequencies on day 15. The results for group B showed a significant improvement of hearing at the 2,378, 2,824, 3,363, and 3,991 Hz frequencies on day 1, at the 3,363, 3,991, and 8,003 Hz frequencies on day 10, and at the 8,003 Hz frequency on day 15. Conclusion. This study suggests that amikacin-induced hearing loss in rats may be limited to some extent by concomitant use of beta glucan.
한국에서 내린 중재판정에 대한 중국법원의 승인 및 집행에 관한 소고(小考)
Tuba H. L. Tan,이봉준,정영진 전남대학교 법학연구소 2010 법학논총 Vol.30 No.1
중국 법원은 외국법원이 내린 판결을 승인하고 집행을 부여하는 경우가 거의 없는데, 이는 다음의 두 가지 주된 이유 때문이다. 즉, (1) 중국 및 그 주요 교역국가(예: 일본, 미국 등)는 외국 법원의 판결을 승인하고 집행을 부여하는 국제협약에 가입하지않았고 또한 양자간 조약도 체결되지 않았다. 또한 (2) 세계 대부분의 국가들이 “외국중재판정의 승인 및 집행에 관한 협약”(이하 ‘뉴욕협약’이라 함)에 가입하고 있고, 또한 실제로 외국중재판정에 대하여 중국법원에서 용이하게 승인 및 집행판결을 받을수 있다. 이에 따라 법실무상으로 보면 중국 및 다른 뉴욕협약 체약국들(예: 한국, 영국 등)의 기업들은 민사 및 상사 법률관계의 분쟁해결의 메커니즘으로서 법원의 소송을 통한 해결보다는 중재절차를 통한 해결을 선호하고 있다. 중국 법원에는 현재 외국중재판정의 승인 및 집행에 관한 사례가 상당히 축적되어 있고, 이를 연구하고 분석하는 실무적으로 의미 있는 일이라고 할 것이다. 본 논문에서는, 중국법원이 한국 중재판정부가 내린 중재판정에 대한 승인 및 집행에 관한 제 문제를 실무적인 입장에서 분석하기로 하겠다.
Case Reports : Annular Plaques on the Tongue: What Is Your Diagnosis?
( Tuba Celebi Kayhan ),( Cemal Bilac ),( Dilek Bayraktar Bilac ),( Talat Ecemis ),( Aylin Turel Ermertcan ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.4
Geographic tongue is an inflammatory disorder of the tongue characterized by asymptomatic erythematous patches with serpiginous borders. Candidiasis of the tongue may be confused with geographic tongue. A 63-year-old male patient with painful white annular lesions localized to the left side of his tongue is presented. He applied topical corticosteroid and antiinflammatory agents, but his lesions did not respond to those therapies. Using direct mycologic examination and culture, the patient was diagnosed with candidiasis. After systemic and topical antifungal therapy, clinical improvement was observed. With this case, the clinical forms of oral candidiasis were discussed, and it was suggested that the clinical presentation of mucosal candidiasis may vary according to the stage of infection and individual immunity. (Ann Dermatol 23(4) 548~550, 2011)
Belching in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Impedance Study
( Tuba Obekli ),( Filiz Akyuz ),( Umit Akyuz ),( Serpil Arici ),( Raim Iliaz ),( Suut Gokturk ),( Sami Evirgen ),( Bilger Cavus ),( Cetin Karaca ),( Kadir Demir ),( Fatih Besisik ),( Sabahattin Kaymak 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2017 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.23 No.3
Background/Aims There are limited data about the relation between belching and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aim to evaluate belching in patients with IBS. Methods Twenty-five patients with IBS and 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. IBS was diagnosed in accordance with the Rome III criteria. All patients were questioned about the presence of symptoms for belching, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and dyspepsia. Esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH-impedance were performed in all patients and healthy volunteers. Each of the patients with IBS underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Results Demographic features were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). The belching rate was 32% in patients with IBS. The mean DeMeester score was significantly higher in IBS patients (13.80 ± 14.40 vs 6.04 ± 5.60, P = 0.027) and 24% of patients had pathologic acid reflux (DeMeester score > 14). Gastroscopy was normal in all patients. Symptom association probability positivity was detected in 24% of patients in the impedance study. The rate of weak acid reflux was also significantly higher in patients with IBS (97.00 ± 56.20 vs 58.20 ± 29.30, P = 0.025). The number of supine gas reflux (7.50 ± 6.40 vs 2.42 ± 2.80, P = 0.001) and supragastric belches was significantly higher in patients with IBS (51.20 ± 41.20 vs 25.08 ± 15.20, P = 0.035). Although the number of gastric belching was higher in controls, the difference did not reach statistical significance (12.10 ± 17.60 vs 4.90 ± 3.80, P = 0.575). We did not find any correlation between belching and any symptoms of IBS. Conclusions Belching is frequent in patients with IBS. Non-erosive reflux disease is frequent in IBS, which may be related to supragastric belching. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;23:409-414)