Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secreted-Extracellular Vesicles are Involved in Chondrocyte Production and Reduce Adipogenesis during Stem Cell Differentiation

Tsai Yu-Chen,Cheng Tai-Shan,Liao Hsiu-Jung,Chuang Ming-Hsi,Chen Hui-Ting,Chen Chun-Hung,Zhang Kai-Ling,Chang Chih-Hung,Lin Po-Cheng,Huang Chi-Ying F. 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.6

BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from internal cellular compartments, and have potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in degenerative disease associated with aging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising tool for functional EVs production. This study investigated the efficacy of EVs and its effect on differentiation capacity. METHODS: The characteristics of MSCs were evaluated by flow cytometry and stem cell differentiation analysis, and a production mode of functional EVs was scaled from MSCs. The concentration and size of EVs were quantitated by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). Western blot analysis was used to assess the protein expression of exosomespecific markers. The effects of MSC-derived EVs were assessed by chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation analyses and histological observation. RESULTS: The range of the particle size of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)- and Wharton’s jelly -MSCs-derived EVs were from 130 to 150 nm as measured by NTA, which showed positive expression of exosomal markers. The chondrogenic induction ability was weakened in the absence of EVs in vitro. Interestingly, after EV administration, type II collagen, a major component in the cartilage extracellular matrix, was upregulated compared to the EV-free condition. Moreover, EVs decreased the lipid accumulation rate during adipogenic induction. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the production model could facilitate production of effective EVs and further demonstrated the role of MSC-derived EVs in cell differentiation. MSC-derived EVs could be successfully used in cell-free therapy to guide chondrogenic differentiation of ADSC for future clinical applications in cartilage regeneration.

주자(朱子)의 인심도심설(人心道心說)에서의 이기(理氣) 문제와 조선 유학자의 해석

채진풍 ( Tsai Chen-feng ) 퇴계학연구원 2019 退溪學報 Vol.145 No.-

朱熹(1130~1200)는 ‘中和新說’을 완성한 뒤에 ‘心統性情’의 이론적 구조를 확립하였다. 心이 性과 情을 통섭한다는 주장의 구도에서 주희의 공부론은 ‘未發’ㆍ‘已發’ 두 방면으로 논의될 수 있다. 그러나 ‘心統性情’과 ‘理/氣’ㆍ‘人心/道心’설은 동일한 이론의 위치에 놓고 보면 거기에는 주희가 명확히 설명하지 않은 이론적 문제가 다분히 존재하는 데, 그로 인해 후대의 학자들이 해석상의 다양한 이견을 내놓게 되었다. 주자 및 그 후학들의 논쟁의 소재를 해명하기 위해, 본고에서는 동아시아 주자학의 입장에서 주희ㆍ陳淳(北溪, 1484~1544)과 조선의 유학자인 李退溪(滉, 1501~1570)ㆍ李栗谷(珥, 1536~1584)ㆍ丁茶山(若鏞, 1762~1836)의 관점을 토론하고 이로써 문제의 소재 및 그 가능한 발전에 대해 설명해 보았다. 본 논문의 결론은 다음과 같다. 이퇴계와 이율곡, 그리고 정약용이 주희가 말한 것에 대해서 해석하고 수정한 내용을 통해 보면, 주희가 말한 理는 확실히 모종삼이 말한 것과 같은 “理는 단지 존재하고 활동하지는 않는다”와 “理가 정태적 존재의 리가 된다” 라는 의심을 낳기 쉽다. 그리고 퇴계와 율곡이 주희가 말한 것을 수정한 내용이 비록 같진 않더라도, 그들은 대개 마음이 ‘선을 알고 악을 알 수 있는 것’은 ‘격물궁리‘의 과정을 통할 필요가 없다는 것에 동의한다. 그리고 모두 마음이 理와 氣 사이를 주재한다는 뜻을 강조한다. 이는 중국의 양명학 발전과도 그 방향성을 같이하는 것이다. 이퇴계와 이율곡이 朱子學을 해석ㆍ수정한 것에 따라, 정약용이 이기론 혹은 주희의 형이상학에 반대하는 논점을 형성한 것 또한 자연스러운 일인 듯하다 After acquiring his new understanding of “Zhong He,” Zhu Xi completes the theoretical construction that mind combines Nature and Sentiment (xin tong xing ching 心統性情), which makes him be able to develop a twofold discourse on the “manifest” (yifa 已發) and “not-manifest” (weifa 未發) mind in self cultivation. When applying the same theoretical principle to compare the above theories of Zhu xi, however, there are unsolved problems that give rise to later-day disputes. In order to clarify the problem of these disputes, this paper, in the light of East Asian schools of Zhu Xi, studies the idea of Chinese scholars, Zhu xi and Chen Chun (Beixi, 1484-1544), and Joseon Confucians, Yi Toegye (Hwang, 1501-1570), Yi Yolgok (I, 1536-1584) and Jeong Yakyong (Dasan, 1762-1836). Through this study, we concludes that, by observing Joseon Confucians’ interpretation and rectification of Zhu Xi, the Principle (li 理) in Zhu Xi’s theory is easily in the danger that, called by Mou Zongsan, “being existent without functioning” or “being a statically existential principle.” Yi Toegye and Yi Yolgok both agree that the ability of human mind to know good and evil does not need to be cultivated by the method “Study the Phenomena of Nature and comprehend the Whole Truth (gewu qiongli 格物窮理).” They put their emphasis on the authoritativeness of human mind between Li and Chi, which exhibits a trend the same with Wang Yangming School in China. At last, Jeong Yakyong, absorbing theoretical resource of the above two predecessors, opposes the metaphysics of Zhu Xi.

Post-Traumatic Cerebral Infarction Following Low-Energy Penetrating Craniocerebral Injury Caused by a Nail

Chen, Po-Chuan,Tsai, Shih-Hung,Chen, Yu-Long,Liao, Wen-I The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2014 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.55 No.5

Post-traumatic cerebral infarction (PTCI) is a secondary insult which causes global cerebral hypoxia or hypoperfusion after traumatic brain injury, and carries a remarkable high mortality rate. PTCI is usually caused by blunt brain injury with gross hematoma and/or brain herniation. Herein, we present the case of a 91-year-old male who had sustained PTCI following a low-energy penetrating craniocerebral injury due to a nail without evidence of hematoma. The patient survived after a decompressive craniectomy, but permanent neurological damage occurred. This is the first case of profound PTCI following a low-energy penetrating craniocerebral nail injury and reminds clinicians of possibility this rare dreadful complication for care of head-injured patients.

Refereed Articles : Comparison of Trust Level on Insurance and Influence of College Major on It: Evidence from Korea and Taiwan

( Chen, Tsai-Jyh Joyce ),( Jung, Hongjoo ) 한국금융소비자학회 2011 금융소비자연구 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of trust on insurance industry, including companies, products, and salespersons. The first part of this study conducts an international comparison of trust level on insurance industry between Korea and Taiwan, which provides some empirical evidences for the differences in trust level on insurance markets between two countries. The second part of this study examines if insurance education affects the trust level on insurance industry in Taiwan. The empirical findings in general suggest that insurance trust level in Taiwan is significantly higher than that in Korea. Besides, insurance trust level increases positively with the purchase experience in Taiwan, but the trust level is negatively related to claim experience in Korea. The analyses of determinants of insurance trust in Taiwan show that insurance-major in college has a positive impact on insurance trust level.

The Trend of Risk Management Research and Practice in Taiwan

( Tsai Jyh Joyce Chen ) 한국리스크관리학회 2008 리스크 管理硏究 Vol.19 No.2

Magnolol induces apoptosis via caspase-independent pathways in non-small cell lung cancer cells

Tsai, Jong-Rung,Chong, Inn-Wen,Chen, Yung-Hsiang,Hwang, Jhi-Jhu,Yin, Wei-Hsian,Chen, Hsiu-Lin,Chou, Shah-Hwa,Chiu, Chien-Chih,Liu, Po-Len 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.4

Magnolol, a hydroxylated biphenyl agent isolated from herbal planet Magnolia officinalis, is a component of traditional Asian herbal teas. It has been reported to have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549, H441 and H520) and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of magnolol. We show that magnolol inhibited cellular proliferation, increased DNA fragmentation, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in all NSCLC cells, but had no cytotoxic effect on HBECs. Magnolol triggered the release of pro-apoptotic proteins: Bid, Bax and cytochrome c from mitochondria, but did not activate the caspase-3, -8, and -9, suggesting that magnolol induces apoptosis of NSCLC cell lines via a caspase-independent pathway. The caspase-independent pathway is mediated through the activation of nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor, endonuclease G and cleaved poly(-ADP-ribose) polymerase, which played important roles in mediating cell death. Furthermore, magnolol inhibited PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 activity, but up-regulated p38 and JNK activity in A549 cell lines. The results of this study provided a basis for understanding and developing magnolol as a novel treatment of NSCLC.

The Good and the Right: Connections between the Thought of Tasan and Zhu Xi

( Tsai Chen-feng ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2013 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.20

丁若鏞(號茶山Tasan)對四書的注解, 在說法上與朱子學頗有出入, 因而有學者認爲他是反朱子學的學者。類似的討論, 放在「實學」的脈絡中, 也有學者認爲實學接近於氣學, 因而將丁若鏞的說法歸入氣學一派。本文由當代政治哲學中「完善」與「正當」的槪念重新檢討上述的說法, 其目的有二:(一)釐淸茶山學與朱子學淸代氣學的理論差異及其關聯性。(二)探尋茶山學的理論是否有延伸至現代學術(特別是當代政治哲學)的可能性。本文的結論有二:(一)丁若鏞的論說與朱子學具有互補的意義, 而與淸代的氣學不屬同一路向。(二)茶山學的理論比朱子學更具有現代學術的意義, 除了有融通倫理學中「義務論」(deontology)與「目的論」(teleology)的可能性外, 也有由「德行原理」(principle of virtue)延伸爲「法權原理」(principle of right)的可能性。 The fact that the commentaries on the Four Books written by Chŏng Yagyong (style name: Tasan) deviate widely from those of Zhu Xi has led many scholars to believe that he opposed the thought of Zhu Xi. As similar positions have been thought to be related to qi studies, Chŏng Yagyong has been considered to be a proponent of such movement. This paper reviews this argument from the modern philosophical perspectives of the “good” and the “right” to clarify the theoretical differences and connections between Tasan and Zhu Xi, as well as to consider whether it is possible to place Tasan’s theory within the context of modern scholarship, especially that of political philosophy. We conclude that Chŏng Yagyong’s thought is complementary to that of Zhu Xi, and that as such it is distinct from the qi studies of the Qing dynasty. Furthermore, Tasan’s thought is shown to be more relevant to modern scholarship than that of Zhu Xi in that, in addition to introducing the possibility of merging deontology and teleology in the field of ethics, he also opens up the possibility of shifting from the principle of virtue to the principle of right. [Article in Chinese]

Electrochemical Behavior and Protective Property of Al-containing Zinc-Rich Paints

Chen, Wen-Ben,Chen, Peter,Chen, Hunz-Yin,Wu, Chung-Min,Tsai, Wen-Ta 한국부식방식학회 2002 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.31 No.3

The effect of Al addition on the corrosion performance of zinc-rich paints (ZRP) was investigated. Both electrochemical measurement and salt spray test were employed to evaluate the corrosion performance of ZRP with or without Al addition. The Al content as percentage of the total metallic components in the ZRP, investigated in this study, varied from 0 to 75wt%. The experimental results showed that protective nature of ZRP altered from cathodic protection to barrier former as the Al content was increased beyond 20wt%. The results from salt spray tests also revealed that the corrosion products were modified with the presence of aluminum oxide in the Al-containing ZRP. The amount of zinc white on the painted steel decreased as the Al content in the ZRP increased. The protectiveness, in terms of the time of red rust formation and cathodic protection, was reduced as the Al content was higher than 20wt%.

Vertical distributions of lateral forces on base isolated structures considering higher mode effects

Tsai, C.S.,Chen, Wen-Shin,Chen, Bo-Jen,Pong, Wen-Shen Techno-Press 2006 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.23 No.5

Base isolation technology has been accepted as a feasible and attractive way in improving seismic resistance of structures. The seismic design of new seismically isolated structures is mainly governed by the Uniform Building Code (UBC-97) published by the International Conference of Building Officials. In the UBC code, the distribution formula of the inertial (or lateral) forces leads to an inverted triangular shape in the vertical direction. It has been found to be too conservative for most isolated structures through experimental, computational and real earthquake examinations. In this paper, four simple and reasonable design formulae, based on the first mode of the base-isolated structures, for the lateral force distribution on isolated structures have been validated by a multiple-bay three-story base-isolated steel structure tested on the shaking table. Moreover, to obtain more accurate results for base-isolated structures in which higher mode contributions are more likely expected during earthquakes, another four inertial force distribution formulae are also proposed to include higher mode effects. Besides the experimental verification through shaking table tests, the vertical distributions of peak accelerations computed by the proposed design formulae are in good agreement with the recorded floor accelerations of the USC University Hospital during the Northridge earthquake.

Antioxidant Activity of Fruits Produced in Taiwan

Tsai-Yun Chen,Wen-Ju Yang,Ning-Sing Shaw,Tzong-Shyan Lin 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-