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유전자 적응형 시간 지연 신경망(GATDNN)을 이용한 바덴포(Bardenpho) 고도하수처리 공정의 성능 예측
Yoonseok Timothy Hong,백병천 한국도시환경학회 2018 한국도시환경학회지 Vol.18 No.3
Wastewater treatment systems are characterized by large temporal variability of inflow, variable concentrations of components in the incoming wastewater to the plant, and highly variable biological reactions within the process. The behavior of observed process variables within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at a certain time instant is the combined effect of various processes initiated at different moments in the past. This is called a time-delay effect in the system. Due to the nature of strong nonlinear mapping, neural networks provide advantages as a modeling and identification tool over a structure-based model. However, the determination of the architecture of the artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the selection of key input variables with a time delay is not easy. In our research, a genetic adapted time-delay neural network (GATDNN), which is a combination of time-delay neural network (TDNN) and genetic algorithms (GAs), was developed and applied to the full-scale Bardenpho advanced sewage treatment process. In a GATDNN, a three-step modelling procedure was performed: (1) selection of significant input variables to maximise the predictive accuracy for each specific output; (2) finding a suitable network topology for the ANN-based process estimator;(3) sensitivity analysis. The results demonstrate that the modelling technique presented using a GATDNN provides a valuable tool for predicting the outputs with high levels of accuracy and identifying key operating variables. This work will permit the development of a reliable control strategy thus reducing the burden of the process engineer. 하폐수처리공정은 복잡한 생물학적 처리과정과 많은 입력변수들의 시간에 따른 강력한 동적인 변동성으로 인해서 이전의 운전 상황이 차후의 운전상황에 많은 영향을 미친다. 이런한 현상을 시간지연 효과라 한다. 강력한 비선형 매핑(mapping) 특성 때문에 신경망은 구조 기반 모델에 대한 모델링 및 식별 도구로서의 이점을 제공하지만, 일반 인공신경망(ANN)의 경우 시스템 설계방식(architecture)의 결정 및 시스템에서의 시간 지연과 관련된 주요 입력 변수의 선택은 쉽지 않다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 시간 지연 신경망과 유전자 알고리즘을 결합한 유전자 적응형 시간 지연 신경망(GATDNN)을 개발하여 바덴포(Bardenpho) 고도하수처리 공정 모델링에 적용하였다. GATDNN에서 3 단계 모델링 절차가 수행되었다. (1) 각 특정 출력에 대한 예측 정확도를 극대화하기 위해 중요한 입력 변수 선택 (2) ANN 기반 프로세스추정기에 적합한 네트워크 토폴로지(topology)를 찾기 (3) 민감도 분석. 모델링 결과 GATDNN을 사용하여 제시된 모델링 기술이 높은 정확도로 출력을 예측하고 주요 작동 변수를 식별하는 데 유용한 도구임을 보여주었다. 이 작업은 고도하수처리장 운전을 위한 신뢰할 수 있는 제어 전략의 개발을 가능하게 하여 엔지니어의 부담을 줄여 줄 수 있다.
Hong, Kyung-Won,Yi, Joo-Mi,Shin, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Huh, Jae-Won,Lee, Young-Choon,Lee, Won-Ho,Crow, Timothy J.,Kim, Heui-Soo 한국유전학회 2003 Genes & Genomics Vol.25 No.2
A human endogenous retroviral family (HERV-W) has been related to multiple sclerosis associated retrovirus (MSRV) and schizophrenia associated retrovirus (SZRV) sequences. The HERV-W family was identified in the cerebrospinal fluids and brains of individuals with schizophrenia. Using cDNA libraries derived from human brains, we performed PCR amplification and identified new 16 HERV-W env elements (9 from human adult brain and 7 from human fetal brain). Those sequences showed a high degree of sequence similarity (89.2-99.6%) with HERV-W env (GenBank accession no. AF072506). Clones HB-1, HB-9 from adult brain and FB-2, FB-5 from fetal brain showed no frameshift and termination codons by deletion/insertion or point mutation. Synonymous and nonsynonymous calculation indicated that these sequences (HB-1, HB-9, FB-2, FB-5) could be associated with an active provirus in human brain tissues. In phylogenetic analysis, clones HB-1, HB-9, FB-2, FB-5 containing putative amino acid sequences showed sister relationship with the HERV-W and W-7-1 derived from human chromosome 7. Taken together, our data suggest that the related genes of the HERV-W env sequences are expressed in human brains and may contribute to an understanding of biological function connected to neuropsychiatric diseases.
Global Perspectives on Democracy and Public Stadium Finance
Timothy Kellison,Michael P. Sam,Sungil Hong,Kamilla Swart,Michael J. Mondell 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.5 No.4
Arenas, ballparks, and stadiums built for professional sports teams or mega-events all around the world often come with large public costs. In democratic states, citizens are assumed to have a role in public policymaking, but previous research suggests the strength of this role can vary case-to-case. To examine the incidence of public stadium finance and public participation across the geopolitical landscape, a collective case study was employed and organized into regime type (i.e., full democracies, flawed democracies, hybrid regimes, authoritarian regimes). The results of the study show clear contrasts in the financing mechanisms within and between regime types. Additionally, each case-study grouping contained examples of citizen-led public participation, though the efficacy of these democratic actions is questionable. This review complements the growing literature on public policy and stadium finance by assessing public engagement in current stadium-subsidy debates around the world.
Challenges and Opportunities for Occupational Therapy in Big Data Research
Ickpyo Hong,Meredith F. Shields,Mi Jung Lee,Riqiea Kitchens,Karen Ratcliff,Timothy A. Reistetter 대한작업치료학회 2019 대한작업치료학회지 Vol.27 No.5
The advance of information technology with governmental support allows researchers to utilize big data to conduct rigorous rehabilitation-related studies in both the United States and Korea. While big data research has been actively conducted in the United States, few Korean rehabilitation scientists currently conduct big data research. In this paper, we discuss the existing rehabilitation-related big data in Korea and introduce the current big data research trends in the United States. In addition, we provide potential research areas by discussing the previous big data studies in the United States, including 1) functional outcomes, 2) geographical variation, 3) linkage of a population-based cohort to hospital data, 4) cross-national comparison, and 5) scale development. We also discuss various statistical methods required in big data research and compare how these methods differ compared to the traditional research methods in rehabilitation research. Lastly, we discuss the importance of workforce development in rehabilitation-related big data research. We hope this paper will provide occupational therapy scientists and clinicians with practical and useful information about big data research and accelerate big data rehabilitation research communities in Korea.
A Spray-Processable, Low Bandgap, and Ambipolar Donor−Acceptor Conjugated Polymer
Steckler, Timothy T.,Zhang, Xuan,Hwang, Jungseek,Honeyager, Ryan,Ohira, Shino,Zhang, Xiao-Hong,Grant, Adrian,Ellinger, Stefan,Odom, Susan A.,Sweat, Daniel,Tanner, David B.,Rinzler, Andrew G.,Barlow, S American Chemical Society 2009 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.131 No.8
Coupled Lattice Polarization and Ferromagnetism in Multiferroic NiTiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films
Varga, Tamas,Droubay, Timothy C.,Kovarik, Libor,Nandasiri, Manjula I.,Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam,Hu, Dehong,Kim, Bumsoo,Jeon, Seokwoo,Hong, Seungbum,Li, Yulan,Chambers, Scott A. American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.26
<P>Polarization-induced weak ferromagnetism (WFM) was demonstrated a few years back in LiNbO3-type compounds, MTiO3 (M = Fe, Mn, Ni). Although the coexistence of ferroelectric polarization and ferromagnetism has been demonstrated in this rare multiferroic family before, first in bulk FeTiO3, then in thin-film NiTiO3, the coupling of the two order parameters has not been confirmed Here, we report the stabilization of polar, ferromagnetic NiTiO3 by oxide epitaxy on a LiNbO3 substrate utilizing tensile strain and demonstrate the theoretically predicted coupling between its polarization and ferromagnetism by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism under applied fields. The experimentally observed direction of ferroic ordering in the film is supported by simulations using the phase-field approach. Our work validates symmetry-based criteria and first-principles calculations of the coexistence of ferroelectricity and WFM in MTiO3 transition metal titanates crystallizing in the LiNbO3 structure. It also demonstrates the applicability of epitaxial strain as a viable alternative to high-pressure crystal growth to stabilize metastable materials and a valuable tuning parameter to simultaneously control two ferroic order parameters to create a multiferroic. Multiferroic NiTiO3 has potential applications in spintronics where ferroic switching is used, such as new four-stage memories and electromagnetic switches.</P>
VALIDATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS TO CALCULATE BYPASS FLOW IN A PRISMATIC GAS-COOLED REACTOR CORE
Tak, Nam-Il,Kim, Min-Hwan,Lim, Hong-Sik,Noh, Jae Man,Drzewiecki, Timothy J.,Seker, Volkan,Downar, Thomas J.,Kelly, Joseph Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.6
For thermo-fluid and safety analyses of a High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR), intensive efforts are in progress in the developments of the GAMMA+ code of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and the AGREE code of the University of Michigan (U of M). One of the important requirements for GAMMA+ and AGREE is an accurate modeling capability of a bypass flow in a prismatic core. Recently, a series of air experiments were performed at Seoul National University (SNU) in order to understand bypass flow behavior and generate an experimental database for the validation of computer codes. The main objective of the present work is to validate the GAMMA+ and AGREE codes using the experimental data published by SNU. The numerical results of the two codes were compared with the measured data. A good agreement was found between the calculations and the measurement. It was concluded that GAMMA+ and AGREE can reliably simulate the bypass flow behavior in a prismatic core.
Current development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of chronic infectious diseases
Park Pil-Gu,Fatima Munazza,An Timothy,Moon Ye-Eun,Woo Seungkyun,Youn Hyewon,Hong Kee-Jong 대한백신학회 2024 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.13 No.1
Chronic infectious diseases refer to diseases that require a long period of time from onset to cure or death, the use of therapeutic vaccines has recently emerged to eradicate diseases. Currently, clinical research is underway to develop therapeutic vaccines for chronic infectious diseases based on various vaccine formulations, and the recent success of the messenger RNA vaccine platform and efforts to apply it to therapeutic vaccines are having a positive impact on conquering chronic infectious diseases. However, since research on the development of therapeutic vaccines is still relatively lacking compared to prophylactic vaccines, there is a need to focus more on the development of therapeutic vaccines to overcome threats to human health caused by chronic infectious diseases. In order to accelerate the development of therapeutic vaccines for chronic infectious diseases in the future, it is necessary to establish a clear concept of therapeutic vaccines suitable for the characteristics of each chronic infectious disease, as well as standardize vaccine effectiveness evaluation methods, secure standards/reference materials, and simplify the vaccine approval procedure.