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α-Amino Acid Pendant Polymers as Endosomal pH-Responsive Gene Carriers
Takuya Wada,Atsushi Maruyama,Arihiro Kano,Naohiko Shimada 한국고분자학회 2012 Macromolecular Research Vol.20 No.3
In order to prepare gene carriers responsive to an endosomal pH, amino groups of linear poly(allylamine)(PAA) or poly(L-lysine) (PLL) were coupled with a-carboxyl groups of α-amino acids (Gly, His, Lys, Arg, and Orn). Acid-base titration indicated that Lys-, Arg-, and Orn-pendant polymers had both strongly basic groups and endosomal pH-responsive α-amino groups. These polymers, like PAA and PLL, formed stable complexes with DNA. Lys-,Arg-, and Orn-pendant polymers were effective transfection reagents independent of the backbone polymers. The pH-responsive α-amino groups enhanced transfection activity as shown by the observation that acetylation of the α-amino group resulted in a considerable loss in transfection activity. These results strongly suggested a lysosomotropic activity of the α-amino groups. Among the α-amino acid-pendant polymers tested, the Orn-pendant polymer exhibited the highest transfection activity/toxicity index. Since PLL with α-amino acid-pendants is composed of naturally occurring amino acids, it is expected to be biodegradable, and these reagents have promise as gene carriers.
Battery Remaining Charge Estimation for Small Hydroponic Plant Cultivation System
Takuya MOTOSUGI,Satoru YAMAGUCHI,Yoshihiko TAKAHASHI 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10
Continuing population growth and climate shift worldwide has introduced additional risks to our civilization. Our team set out to confront the risk of potential malnutrition of future generations. We have developed a system that utilizes sustainable energy for the purpose of agriculture. Our system utilizes sunlight radiation for energy storing based on a model that incorporates governmental irradiation forecast data. This energy is then used to supplement plant growth. Energy conservation and storage is assisted by an on-site battery that utilizes a method of conservation estimate to accommodate the ever-changing weather conditions which allows for powering the LED light units for plant irradiation. This paper talks about the determination method of a battery SOC (State of Charge) and the simplification of the process based on experiments conducted with a Nickel-Hydrogen battery unit.
Magnetic Properties of a Nd7Pd3 Single Crystal
Takuya Matsushita,Koji Shimomura,Takanori Tsutaoka 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
Magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements have been carriedout for Nd7Pd3 single crystals having the Fe7Th3-type hexagonal structure with the space groupP63mc. Nd7Pd3 possesses an antiferromagnetic (AF) state at temperatures below TN = 39 K and aferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic one at temperatures below TC = 34 K. Another magnetic transitionor a magnetic structure change was found at Tt = 15.7 K. In the ferromagnetic state, Nd7Pd3 hasa relatively large magnetic anisotropy; the easy magnetization direction is the a-axis, and hard oneis the c-axis. Metamagnetic transitions were observed in the AF state along the c-axis and in thec-plane; the critical field HC increases with increasing temperature. The magnetization curve hasan inflection point even in the paramagnetic state at 45 K in the c-plane, indicating a field-inducedtransition in the region having antiferromagnetic short-range order.
The generalized Cucconi test statistic for the two-sample problem
Takuya Nishino,Hidetoshi Murakami 한국통계학회 2019 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.48 No.4
When testing hypotheses in two-sample problem, the Lepage test statistic is often used to jointly test the location and scale parameters, and this test statistic has been discussed by many authors over the years. Since two-sample nonparametric testing plays an important role in biometry, the Cucconi test statistic is generalized to the location, scale, and location–scale parameters in two-sample problem. The limiting distribution of the suggested test statistic is derived under the hypotheses. Deriving the exact critical value of the test statistic is difficult when the sample sizes are increased. A gamma approximation is used to evaluate the upper tail probability for the proposed test statistic given finite sample sizes. The asymptotic efficiencies of the proposed test statistic are determined for various distributions. The consistency of the original Cucconi test statistic is shown on the specific cases. Finally, the original Cucconi statistic is discussed in the theory of ties.
Takuya Kitaoka,Hiroo Tanaka 한국펄프·종이공학회 1999 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
Aluminum sulfate (alum) as a representative retention aid in papermaking processes was added to pulp suspensions, and the aluminum components adsorbed on the pulp were investigated quantitatively by two types of X-ray elementary analyses with regard to simultaneous changes of their surface charges. Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFA) were applied to determine the aluminum components retained in pulp pads up to ca. 10 nm and 100 11m depth, respectively. In other words, XPS was utilized to analyze the outermost surface layers of the samples, and XFA was available for measurement of their extensive regions. A particle charge detector (PCD) was used to monitor streaming potentials at various pHs of the pulp mixtures under moderate sharing conditions. At pH 4.5 of pulp suspensions containing alum, surface charges of pulp fibers varied from negative to slight negative (approximately neutral) according to adsorption of aluminum components onto the pulp fibers. Subsequently, when a dilute NaOH solution in limited amounts was added to pulp mixtures. both streaming potentials and surface aluminum content of the pulp fibers increased distinctly although little total aluminum retention increased. Further addition of alkali solutions brought drastic decreases of the surface charges and surface aluminum content, while total aluminum content, on the contrary. increased gradually under neutral conditions.<br/> These results indicate that residual aluminum ions remained in pulp suspensions are predominantly adsorbed on surfaces of pulp fibers by adequate alkali additions, and they must sufficiently cationize the fiber surfaces with increases of somewhat cationic aluminum complexes formed on the surfaces. On the other hand, aluminum components formed in higher pH ranges have nearly no contribution to improvement of charge properties of the pulp fiber surfaces, even though aluminum retention in pulp pads increases. XPS and XFA analyses combined with streaming potential measurement using a PCD suggest close relationships between aluminum content on the pulp fiber surfaces and their charge properties.
Takuya Nishikawa,Keisuke Ohdaira,Hideki Matsumura 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3
The electrical properties of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films formed from amorphous silicon (a-Si)films by flash lamp annealing (FLA) are investigated by Hall effect measurement. The impurity-doping concentration dependences of resistivity, carrier density, and Hall mobility of such flash-lamp-crystallized (FLC) poly-Si films show the effect of carrier trapping at grain boundaries (GBs). Potential barrier height formed at GBs, estimated from the temperature dependences of Hall mobility and electrical conductivity, decreases with an increase in doping concentration, due to the complete filling of trapping states at GBs. The density of trapping states at GBs is estimated to be on the order of 10^12 cm^-2 from such barrier heights, which is almost equivalent to those of poly-Si films prepared by other techniques such as solid-phase crystallization or laser annealing of a-Si films.