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Kang, Seock,Kim, Ho Bang,Lee, Hyoungseok,Choi, Jin Young,Heu, Sunggi,Oh, Chang Jae,Kwon, Soon Il,An, Chung Sun Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2006 Molecules and cells Vol.21 No.3
<P>Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated nonselective cation channels that mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission. Although homologues of the iGluRs have been identified in higher plants, their roles are largely unknown. In this work we isolated a full-length cDNA clone (RsGluR) encoding a putative glutamate receptor from small radish. An RsGluR: mGFP fusion protein was localized to the plasma membrane. In Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing the full-length cDNA, glutamate treatment triggered greater Ca2+ influx in the root cells of transgenic seedlings than in those of the wild type. Transgenic plants exhibited multiple morphological changes such as necrosis at their tips and the margins of developing leaves, dwarf stature with multiple secondary inflorescences, and retarded growth, as previously observed in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing AtGluR3.2 [Kim et al. (2001)]. Microarray analysis showed that jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive genes including defensins and JA-biosynthetic genes were up-regulated. RsGluR overexpression also inhibited growth of a necrotic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea possibly due to up-regulation of the defensins. Based on these results, we suggest that RsGluR is a glutamate-gated Ca2+ channel located in the plasma membrane of higher plants and plays a direct or indirect role in defense against pathogen infection by triggering JA biosynthesis.</P>
Kang, Soyeong,Min, Ahrum,Im, Seock-Ah,Song, Sang-Hyun,Kim, Sang Gyun,Kim, Hyun-Ah,Kim, Hee-Jun,Oh, Do-Youn,Jong, Hyun-Soon,Kim, Tae-You,Bang, Yung-Jue Korean Cancer Association 2015 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.47 No.1
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is thought to promote survival of transformed cells. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) exerts anti-proliferative effects on a broad range of epithelial cells. In the current study, we investigated whether TGF-β can regulate COX-2 expression in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, which are TGF-β-responsive and overexpress COX-2.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Western blotting, Northern blotting, and mRNA stability assays were performed to demonstrate that COX-2 protein and mRNA expression were suppressed by TGF-β. We also evaluated the effects of tristetraprolin (TTP) on COX-2 mRNA using RNA interference.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We demonstrated that COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were both significantly suppressed by TGF-β. An actinomycin D chase experiment demonstrated that COX-2 mRNA was more rapidly degraded in the presence of TGF-β, suggesting that TGF-β–induced inhibition of COX-2 expression is achieved via decreased mRNA stability. We also found that TGF-β rapidly and transiently induced the expression of TTP, a well-known mRNA destabilizing factor, before suppression of COX-2 mRNA expression was observed. Using RNA interference, we confirmed that increased TTP levels play a pivotal role in the destabilization of COX-2 mRNA by TGF-β. Furthermore, we showed that Smad3 is essential to TTP-dependent down-regulation of COX-2 expression in response to TGF-β.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The results of this study show that TGF-β down-regulated COX-2 expression via mRNA destabilization mediated by Smad3/TTP in A549 cells.</P>
Saponins and Flavonoid Glycosides from Yellow Sweetclover
Kang, Sam-Sik,Lee, Young-Soon,Lee, Eun-Bang The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1988 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.11 No.3
A new saponin, 3-O-[${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl$(1{\rightarrow}2)$-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl$(1{\rightarrow}2)$-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranosyl]soyasapogenol B carboxylate (6) has been isolated from the medicinal plant yellow sweetclover together with azukisaponin II(7), robinin(8), and clovin(9). 7,8, and 9 are reported for the first time from this plant. The new saponin(6) exhibited inhibitory action on leucocyte migration in inflammation.
Kang, Gum-Yong,Bang, Joo Young,Choi, Ae Jin,Yoon, Jeehyun,Lee, Won-Chul,Choi, Soyoung,Yoon, Soojin,Kim, Hyung Chan,Baek, Je-Hyun,Park, Hyung Soon,Lim, Hyunjung Jade,Chung, Hyewon American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH Vol.13 No.2
<P>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) describes the progressive degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retina, and choriocapillaris and is the leading cause of blindness in people over 50. The molecular mechanisms underlying this multifactorial disease remain largely unknown. To uncover novel secretory biomarkers related to the pathogenesis of AMD, we adopted an integrated approach to compare the proteins identified in the conditioned medium (CM) of cultured RPE cells and the exosomes derived from CM and from the aqueous humor (AH) of AMD patients by LC–ESI–MS/MS. Finally, LC–MRM was performed on the AH from patients and controls, which revealed that cathepsin D, cytokeratin 8, and four other proteins increased in the AH of AMD patients. The present study has identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AMD treatment, such as proteins related to the autophagy–lysosomal pathway and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and demonstrated a novel and effective approach to identifying AMD-associated proteins that might be secreted by RPE in vivo in the form of exosomes. The proteomics-based characterization of this multifactorial disease could help to match a particular marker to particular target-based therapy in AMD patients with various phenotypes.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jprobs/2014/jprobs.2014.13.issue-2/pr400751k/production/images/medium/pr-2013-00751k_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/pr400751k'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
복막투석 환자에서 혈청 Leptin과 Leptin의 발현에 관한 전향적 연구
강순아,허우성,박진아,오동진,김대중,오하영,김윤구,이방훈,강우현 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.4
The ob gene product leptin is thought to be an adipostatic hormone through the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. There are many reports that serum leptin concentration was increased in CRF patients, especially CAPD patients. The causes of elevated serum leptin concentration in CRF are believed to be multifactorial. Increased body fat mass, decreased residual renal function, active inflammation and hyperinsulinemia all are suggested to influence serum leptin concentration in CAPD patients. In this study, in order to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of increased serum leptin level in CAPD patients, we observed the changes of serum leptin concentration, leptin expression in the abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue, body fat composition, residual renal function, serum insulin concentration and CRP. Thirteen patients(7 men and 6 women, mean age 53±14 years) were enrolled in this study. Serum leptin concentration was measured by RIA before start of CAPD(baseline data), 5 days and 1, 3 months afterstart of CAPD. Simultaneously, fat tissues were aspirated from the abdominal subcutaneous fat tissues for analysis of ob gene expression. Ob mRNA expression was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR method. The changes of serum insulin concentration, C-reactive protein, residual renal function were measured. All studies were done immediately before starting CAPD, 5 days, 1 month and 3 months after starting CAPD. Total body fat was estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal visceral and parietal fat area measured by computed tomography were done at 1-3 days(baseline data), 1 month, 3 months after start of CAPD. Serum leptin concentration increased significantly as early as 5 days after start of CAPD and maintained high up to 3 months(4.3±2.6→8.2±7.6→7.4±6.5→10.8±13.8ng/mL), while leptin expression in the abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue did not change during the study period(0.24±0.06→0.25±0.08→0.20±0.07→0.34±0.21ng/mL). No significant changes of body fat composition, residual rend serum insulin concentration were observed during the study period. These results suggest that increase of serum leptin concentration after CAPD may be due to increase of local leptin production, especially from the peritoneum, as has also been suggested by several reports of relatively higher dialysate leptin.
Kang, Dae-Jung,Lee, Hong-Sub,Park, Joon-Tae,Bang, Ji-Sun,Hong, Soon-Kwang,Kim, Tae-Yong The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2006 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.11 No.5
We assessed the ability of a Pseudonocardia sp. from soil samples to bioconvert vitamin $D_3$. The optimal culture conditions for the bioconversion of vitamin $D_3$ to active $1{\alpha}$,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ were investigated by varying the carbon and nitrogen sources, the metal salt concentrations, the initial pH, and the temperature. Microbial transformations were carried out with the addition of vitamin $D_3$ dissolved in ethanol. They were sampled by extraction with methanol-dichloromethane and the samples were examined by HPLC. Optimum culture conditions were found to be 0.4% yeast extract, 1% glucose, 3% starch, 1% fish meal, 0.2% NaCl, 0.01% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.2% $CaCO_3$, 0.01% NaF, and pH 7.0 at $28^{\circ}C$. The optimal timing of the addition of vitamin $D_3$ for the production of calcitriol by Pseudonocardia autotrophica ID9302 was concurrent with the inoculation of seed culture broth. Maximum calcitriol productivity and the yield of bioconversion reached a value of 10.4mg/L and 10.4% respectively on the 7th day in a 75L fementer jar under the above conditions.
Frontal Sinus Osteoplastic Flap Surgery Using a Surgical Navigation System
Bang, Yu Jin,Lim, Byeong Woo,Ha, Ryun,Woo, Joo Hyun,Kim, Seon Tae,Jung, Joo Hyun,Cha, Heung Eog,Chang, Jin Soon,Han, Ji Hye,Choi, Ji Yun,Kang, Il Gyu by Mutaz B. Habal, MD. 2018 JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY - Vol.29 No.7
OBJECTIVE:: To report the case of a 38-year-old woman who underwent osteoplastic flap surgery for recurrent frontal sinus mucocele. During surgery, the exact shape of the frontal sinus was duplicated using a surgical navigation system. METHODS:: In this case report, the authors suggest intraoperative surgical navigation systems are useful for accurately determining the dimensions of the frontal sinus for osteoplastic flap surgery. RESULTS:: The patient underwent successful and safe osteoplastic flap surgery using a surgical navigation system. CONCLUSION:: Surgical navigation is useful and safe for frontal sinus osteoplastic flap surgery.