Novel osmotin inhibits SREBP2 via the AdipoR1/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway to improve Alzheimer's disease neuropathological deficits

Shah, S A,Yoon, G H,Chung, S S,Abid, M N,Kim, T H,Lee, H Y,Kim, M O Nature Publishing Group 2017 Molecular psychiatry Vol.22 No.3

<P>Extensive evidence has indicated that a high rate of cholesterol biogenesis and abnormal neuronal energy metabolism play key roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here, for we believe the first time, we used osmotin, a plant protein homolog of mammalian adiponectin, to determine its therapeutic efficacy in different AD models. Our results reveal that osmotin treatment modulated adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), significantly induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activation and reduced SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2) expression in both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> AD models and in Adipo<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Via the AdipoR1/AMPK/SIRT1/SREBP2 signaling pathway, osmotin significantly diminished amyloidogenic Aβ production, abundance and aggregation, accompanied by improved pre- and post-synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, memory deficits and, most importantly, reversed the suppression of long-term potentiation in AD mice. Interestingly, AdipoR1, AMPK and SIRT1 silencing not only abolished osmotin capability but also further enhanced AD pathology by increasing SREBP2, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-secretase (BACE1) expression and the levels of toxic Aβ production. However, the opposite was true for SREBP2 when silenced using small interfering RNA in APPswe/ind-transfected SH-SY5Y cells. Similarly, osmotin treatment also enhanced the non-amyloidogenic pathway by activating the α-secretase gene that is, <I>ADAM10</I>, in an AMPK/SIRT1-dependent manner. These results suggest that osmotin or osmotin-based therapeutic agents might be potential candidates for AD treatment.</P>

SCORE SEQUENCES IN ORIENTED GRAPHS

Pirzada, S.,Naikoo, T.A.,Shah, N.A. 한국전산응용수학회 2007 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.23 No.1

An oriented graph is a digraph with no symmetric pairs of directed arcs and without loops. The score of a vertex $v_i$ in an oriented graph D is $a_{v_i}\;(or\;simply\;a_i)=n-1+d_{v_i}^+-d_{v_i}^-,\;where\; d_{v_i}^+\;and\;d_{v_i}^-$ are the outdegree and indegree, respectively, of $v_i$ and n is the number of vertices in D. In this paper, we give a new proof of Avery's theorem and obtain some stronger inequalities for scores in oriented graphs. We also characterize strongly transitive oriented graphs.

Charge transport studies on chemically grown manganite based heterostructures

Keval Gadani,Khushal Sagapariya,K.N. Rathod,Hetal Boricha,Bhargav Rajyaguru,V.G. Shrimali,A.D. Joshi,K. Asokan,N.A. Shah,P.S. Solanki 한국물리학회 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.4

In this communication, we have successfully fabricated mixed valent La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) manganite based (i) ZnO/LCMO/LAO and (ii) LMO/LCMO/LAO (LMO: LaMnO3–d thin layer; LAO: LaAlO3 substrate) thin film heterostructures using chemical solution deposition (CSD) method. 100 nm LCMO layer was initially grown on single crystalline (100) LAO substrate followed by the growth of 50 nm ZnO and LMO layers separately on the two different heterostructures. In the present study, upper layers of ZnO and LMO were intentionally prepared at 700 °C for 12 h under air environment, thereby some naturally created oxygen vacancies are expected to be present in their lattices. Presence of oxygen vacancies makes ZnO and LMO layers as n–type oxides in the heterostructures. Temperature dependent current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and interface resistivity (under different applied electric fields across interface only) were carried out to understand their charge transport behavior. A strong effect of electric field on the resistivity behavior has been observed due to a reasonable electrically polarizable (active) nature of ZnO and LMO thin layers. Zener double exchange (ZDE) polynomial law has been employed to understand various scattering processes as source of resistivity across, both, ZnO/ LCMO and LMO/LCMO interfaces. Transport properties and charge conduction mechanisms have been discussed and compared for both the interfaces in the context of interface state and barrier between electrically active layer and LCMO film. Also, power consumption criteria have been discussed in detail for the presently studied heterostructures for their practical device applications such as field effect devices, memory devices, read–write head devices or any other spintronic devices.

Low-Power Voltage Converter Using Energy Recycling Capacitor Array

Shah, Syed Asmat Ali,Ragheb, A.N.,Kim, HyungWon The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2017 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.15 No.1

This paper presents a low-power voltage converter based on a reconfigurable capacitor array. Its energy recycling capacitor array stores the energy during a charge stage and supplies the voltage during an energy recycle stage even after the power source is disconnected. The converter reconfigures the capacitor array step-wise to boost the lost voltage level during the energy recycle stage. Its energy saving is particularly effective when most of the energy remaining in the charge capacitors is wasted by the leakage current during a longer sleep period. Simulations have been conducted using a voltage source of 500 mV to supply a $V_{DD}$ of around 800 mV to a load circuit consisting of four 32-bit adders in a 65-nm CMOS process. Results demonstrate energy recycling efficiency of 85.86% and overall energy saving of 40.14% compared to a conventional converter, when the load circuit is shortly active followed by a long sleep period.

Detection of Mobile Object in Workspace Area

Shah, H.N.M,Rashid, M.Z.A,Abdollah,M.F,Kamarudin, M.N,Kamis, Z,Khamis, A 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.4

This paper introduces the detection of mobile object in intelligent space robot application. There are three major algorithms, namely object detection, object classification and object tracking. The core of the detection of mobile object comprise of two processes: offline and online. An offline process consists of the training of the model using deference input sources that depend on the application. An online process consists of the matching process and the result of the object poses. The main idea of object classification is to classify into two categories depending on the dimension of object, mobile object and non-mobile object. By using an offline and an online process the whole process becomes faster because there only have object classification and object tracking involved in real time. The positions of the mobile object are represented by symbol X with difference colors for easy comparison with non-mobile object. One of the unique advantages mentioned in this paper, the detection of mobile object only uses image processing that are generated by the algorithms without additional sensor like sonar or IR sensor.

A review on thermochemical seasonal solar energy storage materials and modeling methods

ABDULLAH,Koushaeian M.,Shah N. A.,정재동 대한설비공학회 2024 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.32 No.1

In the current era, national and international energy strategies are increasingly focused on promoting the adoption of clean and sustainable energy sources. In this perspective, thermal energy storage (TES) is essential in developing sustainable energy systems. Researchers examined thermochemical heat storage because of its benefits over sensible and latent heat storage systems, such as higher energy density and decreased heat loss. Solar energy is a promising alternative among the numerous renewable energy sources. As a result, this study provides an overview of thermochemical heat storage materials, focusing on materials utilized by solar energy systems in buildings. The research examines the storage materials used in relevant studies and the models used to predict and enhance system performance.

Evaluating the performance of gamma irradiated okra fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites: comparative study with jute/PP

A. N. M. Masudur Rahman,Shah Alimuzzaman,Ruhul A. Khan,Jamal Hossen 한국의류학회 2018 Fashion and Textiles Vol.5 No.1

In this study, two bast fibers such as okra and jute were selected to manufacture composites taking polypropylene (PP) as matrix material by means of compression molding technique with maintaining 40% fiber content on the total weight of the composites. Investigation was done on tensile properties such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (EB%), bending properties such as bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM) and impact properties like impact strength (IS) and hardness (Shore-A) of the composites. From analyzed data, it was found that Okra/ PP composites showed very competitive mechanical properties to Jute/PP composites. Non-irradiated okra composite showed the value of TS, TM, BS, BM, IS and hardness to be 32.2 MPa, 602 MPa, 55.6 MPa, 3.6 GPa, 19.54 kJ/m2 and 95 (Shore-A), respectively, whereas that value for non-irradiated jute composite was 35.5 MPa, 629 MPa, 71.5 MPa, 4.5 GPa, 21.48 kJ/m2 and 96 (Shore-A), respectively. The composite samples were exposed to different intensities of gamma radiation (250‒1000 krad) at a dose rate of 330 krad/h and changes in mechanical properties were examined. Both irradiated composites (500 krad) showed significant improvement of mechanical properties compared to that of the non-irradiated composites. Maximum TS, TM, BS, BM and IS value were found to be 41.9 MPa, 685 MPa, 72 MPa, 4.7 GPa and 22.6 kJ/m2, respectively for irradiated okra composite and 45.3 MPa, 717 MPa, 88 MPa, 6.7 GPa and 24.3 kJ/m2, respectively for irradiated jute composite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the surface groups of the composites. Water absorption, degradation behavior of the composites under soil and heat medium were also performed. Degradation tests revealed that okra composite retained its original mechanical properties higher than that of jute composite. The morphology of the composites was inspected by scanning electron microscope.

A review on thermochemical seasonal solar energy storage materials and modeling methods

ABDULLAH,Koushaeian M.,Shah N. A.,정재동 대한설비공학회 2024 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.32 No.1

In the current era, national and international energy strategies are increasingly focused on promoting the adoption of clean and sustainable energy sources. In this perspective, thermal energy storage (TES) is essential in developing sustainable energy systems. Researchers examined thermochemical heat storage because of its benefits over sensible and latent heat storage systems, such as higher energy density and decreased heat loss. Solar energy is a promising alternative among the numerous renewable energy sources. As a result, this study provides an overview of thermochemical heat storage materials, focusing on materials utilized by solar energy systems in buildings. The research examines the storage materials used in relevant studies and the models used to predict and enhance system performance.

Target sequences for microRNAs within the Tff gene cluster

A.A. Shah,N. Blin 한국바이오칩학회 2010 BioChip Journal Vol.4 No.4

Despite the increasing interest focusing on control of gene activity by microRNAs this abundant class of thousands of regulatory transcripts still requires elucidation of open questions concerning selection of targets and mechanisms of complementarity, multiplicity and cooperativity of microRNAs, to name some immediate issues. In silico microRNA target prediction is often the first line of approaching the complex system and helping in setting search priorities for experimental validation of such mechanisms of gene control. We now used a well studied gene cluster coding for the trefoil peptide family (Tff1, Tff2, Tff3) with all its sequence data and information on factors driving gene expression and a combined computer-based set of target prediction programs to collect microRNAs involved in Tff gene regulation. The sequence preference of specific microRNAs was mapped and their multiplicity and cooperativity were denoted to establish an interactive regulatory profile. This computational venue will subsequently allow enhanced and specific in vitro confirmation of the regulatory networks in cellular systems and possibly later on in transgenic animal models

Initial experience with the unrestricted introduction of sugammadex at a large academic medical center: a retrospective observational study examining postoperative mechanical ventilation and efficiency outcomes

Vikas N. O’Reilly-Shah,Grant C. Lynde,Matthew L. Mitchell,Carla L. Maffeo,Craig S. Jabaley,Francis A. Wolf 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.5

Background: Sugammadex rapidly reverses deep neuromuscular blockade, but owing to cost, questions remain about its optimal utilization. After the unrestricted introduction of sugammadex at Emory University Hospital, we hypothesized that reductions would be demonstrated in the primary outcome of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) mechanical ventilation (MV) and secondary outcomes of PACU length of stay (LOS) and emergence time (surgery end to anesthesia end time in the PACU). Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients undergoing general anesthesia over a 12-month period. Using multiple variable penalized logistic regression in a one-group before-and-after design, we compared the categorized rates of PACU MV to examine the effect of sugammadex introduction following a post-hoc chart review to ascertain the reason for postoperative MV. Additionally, multiple variable linear regression was used to assess for differences in PACU LOS and emergence time within a propensity-matched set of patients receiving neostigmine or sugammadex. Results: In total, 7,217 surgical cases met the inclusion criteria: 3,798 before and 3,419 after sugammadex introduction. The incidence of PACU MV was 2.3% before and 1.8% after (P = 0.118) sugammadex introduction. PACU MV due to residual neuromuscular blockade (rNMB) decreased from 0.63% to 0.20% (P = 0.005). Ventilation because of other causes was unchanged. PACU LOS and emergence time were unchanged in the propensity-matched set of 1,444 patients. Conclusions: rNMB was an important contributor to PACU MV utilization and its incidence significantly decreased after sugammadex introduction. The selected efficiency measures may not have been sufficiently granular to identify improvements following introduction.