Development of a Monitoring System for Water-borne Bacteria by a Molecular Technique, PCR-RELP-sequence Analysis

이혜영,--,--,--,--,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2003 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.9 No.3

Since water borne infection causes acute diseases and results in spread of diseases by secondary infection, the prevention is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to have a method that is rapid and effective to monitor pathogenic bacteria in drinking water. In this study, we employed a systematic method, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, to develop an effective monitoring system for possible bacterial contaminants in drinking water. For this purpose, PCR primers were derived from 992 bp region of the 16s rRNA gene that is highly conserved through the different species of prokaryotes. To test whether the PCR primers designed are indeed useful for detecting all the possible microbial contaminants in the water, the primers were used to amplify 16s rRNA regions of different microbial water-borne pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria, and Staphylococcus. As expected, all of tested microorganisms amplified expected size of PCR products indicating designed PCR primers for 16s rRNA indeed can be useful to amplify all different microbial water-borne pathogens in the water. Furthermore, to test whether these 16s rRNA based PCR primers can detect bacterial populations present in the water, water samples taken from diverse sources, such as river, tap, and sewage, were used for amplification. PCR products were for then subjected for cloning into a T-vector to generate a library containing 16s rRNA sequences from various bacteria. With cloned PCR products, RFLP analysis was done using PCR products digested with restriction enzyme such as Hae Ⅲ to obtain species-specific RFLP profiles. After PCR-RFLP, the bacterial clones which showed the same RFLP profiles were regarded as the same ones, and the clones which showed distinctive RFLP profiles were subsequently subjected for sequence analysis for species identification. By this PCR-RFLP analysis, we were able to reveal diverse populations of bacteria living in water. In brief, in unsterilized natural river water, over 60 different species of bacteria were found. On the other hand, no PCR products were detected in drinking tap-water. The results from this study clearly indicate that the PCR-RFLP-sequence analysis can be a useful method for monitoring diverse, perhaps pathogenic bacteria contaminated in water in a rapid fashion.

Analysis of Microbiological Contamination in Kimchi and Its Ingredients

Lee, Ji-Hyun,Ha, Ji-Hyoung,Lee, Hae-Won,Lee, Jae Yong,Hwang, Ye-Seul,Lee, Hee Min,Kim, Sung Hyun,Kim, Su-Ji The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구에서는 김치 제조시 철저한 재료 세척의 필요성을 확인하고, 더불어 비가열 식품인 김치의 위생 안전성 실태를 파악하여 효율적 미생물 저감화 방안을 마련하고자 국내에서 유통되는 김치 원 부재료 200건의 세척 전과 후의 비교분석과 시판 김치 100건에 대하여 미생물 분석을 실시하였다. 김치 원 부재료 및 완제품에 대하여 일반세균수, 대장균 및 대장균군을 모니터링 하였으며, 병원성 미생물 9종(Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens 정성 정량, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes 정성)을 분석 하였다. 모니터링 결과, 김치 원 부재료 및 완제품에서 일반세균은 1.4~9.0 log CFU/g 수준으로 확인되었으며, 원 부재료 중 생강에서 8.8 log CFU/g, 완제품 중 총각김치에서 9.0 log CFU/g으로 일반세균이 가장 높게 나타났다. 대장균군은 0.5~7.3 log CFU/g으로 확인되었으며, 생강에서 7.3 log CFU/g으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 병원성 미생물 9종의 분석결과, Bacillus cereus를 제외한 나머지 8종의 식중독균은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 김치 제조 시 사용되는 김치 원 부재료들의 세척공정 후 미생물 수는 일반세균수 0.2~3.2 log CFU/g, 대장균군 0.3~2.7 log CFU/g, Bacillus cereus 1.0~3.9 log CFU/g 감소하였다. 따라서, 김치 원 부재료의 세척 공정으로 미생물 오염도를 감소 시켰으며, 이 결과를 통하여 김치 완제품의 위생 및 저장성 증진에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 확인되었다. Although Kimchi has health benefits, food poisoning associated with consumption of Kimchi has been frequently reported. Accordingly, microbiological properties of Kimchi (100 samples) and washing effects on microbial reduction against its ingredients (200 samples) were examined. Total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium perfringens were quantified. In addition, B. cereus, Salmonella spp., Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, C. perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica were analysed qualitatively. Total aerobic bacteria count was approximately 1.4-9.0 log CFU/g, which were highest in ginger (8.8 log CFU/g), and Chonggak Kimchi (9.0 log CFU/g). The range of coliform counts detected in all raw materials was 0.5-7.3 log CFU/g and ginger showed the greatest number 7.3 log CFU/g among others. Contamination was decreased to 0.2-3.2, 0.3-2.7, and 1.0-3.9 log CFU/g for total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and B. cereus, respectively, after washing. Minimising microbial contamination in Kimchi ingredients is necessary to ensure the safety of Kimchi. These results indicate that washing is a useful method to reduce bacterial contamination in Kimchi.

Analysis of Microbiological Contamination in Kimchi and Its Ingredients

Ji-Hyun Lee,Ji-Hyoung Ha,Hae-Won Lee,Jae Yong Lee,Ye-Seul Hwang,Hee Min Lee,Sung Hyun Kim,Su-Ji Kim 한국식품위생안전성학회 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구에서는 김치 제조시 철저한 재료 세척의 필요성을 확인하고, 더불어 비가열 식품인 김치의 위생 안전성 실태를 파악하여 효율적 미생물 저감화 방안을 마련하고자 국내에서 유통되는 김치 원·부재료 200건의 세척 전과 후의 비교분석과 시판 김치 100건에 대하여 미생물 분석을 실시하였다. 김치 원·부재료 및 완제품에 대하여 일반 세균수, 대장균 및 대장균군을 모니터링 하였으며, 병원성 미생물 9종(Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens 정성·정 량, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes 정성)을 분석 하였다. 모니터링 결과, 김치 원· 부재료 및 완제품에서 일반세균은 1.4~9.0 log CFU/g 수준 으로 확인되었으며, 원·부재료 중 생강에서 8.8 log CFU/g, 완제품 중 총각김치에서 9.0 log CFU/g으로 일반세균이 가장 높게 나타났다. 대장균군은 0.5~7.3 log CFU/g으로 확 인되었으며, 생강에서 7.3 log CFU/g으로 가장 높게 나타 났고, 병원성 미생물 9종의 분석결과, Bacillus cereus를 제 외한 나머지 8종의 식중독균은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 김치 제조 시 사용되는 김치 원·부재료들의 세척 공정 후 미생물 수는 일반세균수 0.2~3.2 log CFU/g, 대장 균군 0.3~2.7 log CFU/g, Bacillus cereus 1.0~3.9 log CFU/g 감소하였다. 따라서, 김치 원·부재료의 세척 공정으로 미생물 오염도를 감소 시켰으며, 이 결과를 통하여 김치 완 제품의 위생 및 저장성 증진에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 확인되었다. Although Kimchi has health benefits, food poisoning associated with consumption of Kimchi has been frequently reported. Accordingly, microbiological properties of Kimchi (100 samples) and washing effects on microbial reduction against its ingredients (200 samples) were examined. Total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium perfringens were quantified. In addition, B. cereus, Salmonella spp., Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, C. perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica were analysed qualitatively. Total aerobic bacteria count was approximately 1.4-9.0 log CFU/g, which were highest in ginger (8.8 log CFU/g), and Chonggak Kimchi (9.0 log CFU/g). The range of coliform counts detected in all raw materials was 0.5-7.3 log CFU/g and ginger showed the greatest number 7.3 log CFU/g among others. Contamination was decreased to 0.2-3.2, 0.3-2.7, and 1.0-3.9 log CFU/ g for total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and B. cereus, respectively, after washing. Minimising microbial contamination in Kimchi ingredients is necessary to ensure the safety of Kimchi. These results indicate that washing is a useful method to reduce bacterial contamination in Kimchi.

Development and validation of a HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of chlorquinaldol and promestriene in complex prescription

이슬지(Seul Ji Lee),신상연(Sang-yeon Shin),신혜진(Hae-jin Shin),이진균(Jin Gyun Lee),김동환(Dong-Hwan Kim),이수정(Sujung Lee),한상범(Sang Beom Han),박정일(Jeong Hill Park),이정미(Jeongmi Lee),권성원(Sung Won Kwon) 한국분석과학회 2012 분석과학 Vol.25 No.2

A simple route for synthesis of SnO₂ from copper alloy dross

Lee, Jung-Il,Lee, Bo Seul,Lee, Ji Young,Shin, Ji Young,Kim, Tae Wan,Ryu, Jeong Ho The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 2014 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

Separation/recovery of valuable metals such as zinc, nickel or tin from copper alloy dross has recently attracted from the viewpoints of environmental protection and resource recycling. In this study, preliminary investigation on separation of tin (Sn) from copper alloy dross using selective dissolution method was performed. The tin in the copper alloy dross did not dissolve in an aqueous nitric acid solution which could allow the concentration/separation of tin from the copper alloy dross. Precipitation of tin as $H_2SnO_3$ (meta stannic acid)occurred in the solution and transformed to tin dioxide ($SnO_2$) after drying process. The dried sample was heat-treated at low temperature and its crystal structure, surface morphology and chemical composition were investigated.

Complexity of Automotive HMI Systems: A Literature Reviw

( Seul Chan Lee ),( Hwan Hwangbo ),( Ji Man Kim ),( Meen Jong Kim ),( Yong Gu Ji ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-

With the continuous advancement of vehicle information technology, todays automotive human-machine interface (HMI) systems show more complicated and dynamic aspect than traditional driving systems. Along with the phenomenon, the types and amount of in-vehicle information rapidly increases, engendering concerns about driver`s safety issues. Various existing studies have conducted experiments about in-vehicle task performance and information behavior in the field of human factors. However, an integrative approach to automotive HMI that entails various information design factor such as amount, layout, type and its relationship with human characteristics, is still in need. In this study, we proposed the concept of ``Complexity``to provide generalizable implications in order to various applications of HMI as well as its complex relationships with human operator. By far the concept of complexity in human factor research has been limitedly discussed within specialized domains and contexts, where highly skilled experts are required, such as aircraft cockpit or nuclear power plant control room. Throughout this study, we performed extensive cross-disciplinary literature review about complexity in an attempt to define and classify the concept of complexity in the perspective of human factor and human computer interaction (HCI). The definitions of complexity have varied in accordance with academic fields, and its applications are different depending on the scale and scope of target systems.

Microbial Contamination Analysis in Kimchi and Its Ingredients for Food Safety Improvement

Ji-Hyun Lee,Su-Ji Kim,Hae-Won Lee,Ye-Seul Hwang,Jae Yong Lee,Sung Hyun Kim,Won-Bo Shim 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.8

The effect of energetically coated ZrO_x on enhanced electrochemical performances of Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂ cathodes using modified radio frequency (RF) sputtering

Lee, Ji-Hoon,Kim, Ji Woo,Kang, Ho-Young,Kim, Seul Cham,Han, Sang Sub,Oh, Kyu Hwan,Lee, Se-Hee,Joo, Young-Chang The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.3 No.24

<▼1><P>By introducing the ZrOx layer coated using a novel sputtering, the electrochemical performance of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 under liquid and solid electrolyte was greatly improved.</P></▼1><▼2><P>To date, most coating layers for electrode materials for Li-ion batteries have been fabricated using the sol–gel method or atomic layer deposition (ALD), which involve complicated processing steps and limited candidates for coating materials. With an emphasis on solving these issues, herein, a new coating methodology based on a sputtering system was developed, and sputtered zirconium oxide was coated on Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 (L333) cathode powders. The continuous movement of the cathode powders during the coating procedure and the high kinetic energy from the sputtering process resulted in a highly uniform coating layer with multiple structures exhibiting a concentration and valence state gradient of Zr, <I>i.e.</I>, surface (mainly Zr<SUP>4+</SUP>) and doped (mainly Zr<SUP>2+</SUP>) layers. The ZrOx-coated L333 powders exhibited an outstanding capacity retention (96.3% at the 200th cycle) and superior rate capability compared with the uncoated version in a coin cell with 1 M LiPF6 in EC : DEC liquid electrolyte. The ZrOx-coated L333 powders also exhibited an enhanced specific capacity in a solid state battery cell with a sulfide-based inorganic solid-state electrolyte. The improved electrochemical performance of ZrOx/L333 was attributed to the synergetic effect from the surface and doped layers: physical/chemical protection of the active material surface, enhancement of Li-ion diffusion kinetics, and stabilization of the interfaces.</P></▼2>

[P8-29] Korean Cibotium barometz as a Potent Inhibitor against an iNOS Expression via an Inhibition of NF-kB in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

Seul Lee,Chang Hyun Jin,Young Man Lee,Hyo Jung Lee,Ji Young Oh,Yong Dae Park,Myung Woo Byun,Hong Sun Yook,II Yun Jeong 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2007 No.10

AtERF15 is a positive regulator of ABA response.

Lee, Seul-bee,Lee, Sun-ji,Kim, Soo Young Springer 2015 Plant cell reports Vol.34 No.1

<P>The Arabidopsis AP2/ERF family transcription factor AtERF15 is nuclear-localized and positively regulates ABA and stress responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major plant hormone that controls the expression of hundreds genes involved in various aspects of plant growth and development, such as seed development, germination, seedling growth and abiotic stress response. Several cis-elements mediating the ABA-regulated gene expression have been reported, and one of the regulatory elements is Coupling Element 1 (CE1). We previously isolated a group of AP2/ERF family proteins that bind CE1, but their functions are mostly unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that one of the CE1 binding factors (CEBFs), AtERF15, is involved in ABA response. To investigate the AtERF15 function, we generated its overexpression (OX) lines by expressing the AtERF15 coding region under the control of CaMV 35S promoter and analyzed their phenotypes. We found that the AtERF15 OX lines were hypersensitive to ABA at the germination stage. The ABA hypersensitivity was also observed in our root elongation assay of seedlings. Furthermore, the transgenic lines were hypersensitive to high salinity and high osmolarity at the seedling establishment stage, and the transgenic seedlings were drought-tolerant. We also determined the tissue-specific expression pattern and the subcellular localization of AtERF15. Our results indicate that it is highly expressed in roots and embryos and nuclear-localized. Collectively, our data suggest that AtERF15 is a positive regulator of ABA response.</P>