Baseline risk of recurrence in stage I–II endometrial carcinoma

Shinsuke Sasada,Mayu Yunokawa,Yae Takehara,Mitsuya Ishikawa,Shunichi Ikeda,Tomoyasu Kato,Kenji Tamura 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.1

Objective: Though there are no evidences that postoperative therapy improves overall survival (OS) in stage I–II endometrial carcinoma, many women receive postoperative radiation or chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the baseline risk of recurrence after complete resection without any adjuvant therapies and to suppose the validity of postoperative therapy for stage I–II endometrial carcinoma. Methods: Charts for patients with stage I–II endometrial carcinoma who underwent operation without postoperative therapy between January 2005 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and the baseline risk of recurrence and prognosis were assessed. Risk classifications were performed according to European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) clinical practice guidelines and Japanese guideline written by Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology Group. Results: Among 374 patients who underwent complete resection, 311 were evaluable. Five-year recurrence rates by ESMO and Japanese were 2.6% and 3.1% in low-risk, 9.2% and 6.6% in intermediate-risk and 13.5% and 13.8% in high-risk group (p=0.003 and 0.015, respectively). High-risk group had worse OS compared with low- and intermediate-risk groups (5-year OS, low: 97.9% and 97.6%, intermediate: 97.9% and 98.8%, and high: 89.5% and 87.5%; p=0.003 and 0.008, respectively). Independent predictive factors of recurrence were age over 60 years, type 2 (estrogen-independent) and peritoneal cytology. Conclusion: ESMO and Japanese risk classification similarly stratify the baseline risk of recurrence. Patients with stage I–II endometrial carcinoma, especially low- and intermediate-risk diseases, have low recurrence rate and favorable OS, and the benefit of postoperative therapy might be small.

Operation of Orthogonal Fluxgate of Fundamental Mode in Null Detection Method

Ichiro Sasada,Masanori Murakami 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

The Electoral Origin of Japan's Nationalistic Leadership: Primaries in the LDP Presidential Election and the "Pull Effect"

Hironori Sasada 동아시아연구원 2010 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.10 No.1

In recent years, some Japanese prime ministers have exhibited a nationalistic tendency, particularly in their foreign policies. The increasing nationalistic appeal by recent leaders marks a sharp contrast with previous leaders, who were unwilling to cause friction with other countries and thus took more centrist positions. More interestingly, those recent leaders, including Koizumi Junichiro, previously adopted a more modest stance. This article seeks to explain the increase in nationalistic appeal, particularly between 2001 and 2006, among Japanese leaders by focusing on some important changes in the Liberal Democratic Party’s (LDP’s) presidential election procedures. Drawing on the study of US primary elections, I argue that the increase in the weight of rank-and-filers’ votes vis-à-vis the LDP Diet members’ votes in the LDP presidential election encouraged some candidates to take more ideologically extreme positions. In other words, much like US primaries, the LDP presidential elections can have a tendency to pull some candidates toward extreme positions.

Alternative Paths to Party Polarization: External Impacts of Intraparty Organization in Japan

Hironori Sasada,Naofumi Fujimura,Satoshi Machidori 동아시아연구원 2013 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.13 No.3

Although party polarization is one of the most significant focal points in the study of contemporary US politics, a limited number of studies have examined its theoretical implications for other countries. In addition, a great deal of effort has been made in the study of the changes in voting bases (i.e., constituencies or interest groups). However, little attention has been given to the features of party organization. In this study we look at the process of polarization between two major parties in Japan in recent years and analyze the way Japanese parties took an alternative path to polarization. We argue that party polarization can be caused by the strategic position-taking of the party executive in addition to the centralization of the party organization.

The Impact of Rural Votes in Foreign Policies: The FTA Policies under the DPJ Government in Japan

Hironori Sasada 서울대학교행정대학원 2013 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.21 No.3

The recent trend of bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) has pressured the governments of many countries to make such arrangements with their trade partners. Since its foundation in 1998, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) has advocated free trade policies, partly because the party was an urban-based party. Thus, many expected that, when the DPJ assumed power in 2009, it would implement free trade policies as it had promised in the past. However, the DPJ government failed to deliver on its promise after spending three and a half years in office. It contrasts sharply with the Korean government under the leadership of Lee Myung-bak, which managed to conclude FTAs with its major trade partners, including the United States and the European Union. Both governments' free trade policies faced strong opposition from the agricultural industry, as farmers in Japan and Korea lacked international competitiveness. What explains the reasons why the Japanese government has been struggling to implement its free trade policies, while its Korean counterpart succeeded in signing a number of FTAs? Focusing primarily on the case of Japan and using the Korean case as reference, this study tries to provide an explanation for this puzzle by analyzing the impact of rural votes in the policy-making process.

Arteriovenous Fistula at the Craniocervical Junction Found After Cervical Laminoplasty for Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Susumu Sasada,Masafumi Hiramatsu,Akira Ksumegi,Haruto Fujimura,Shogo Oshikata,Yuichi Takahashi,Kenki Nishida,Takao Yasuhara,Isao Date 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.4

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is common in East Asia. Arteriovenous fistula at the craniocervical junction (CCJ-AVF), in contrast, is rare. As OPLL occurs most often in the cervical region, these 2 conditions can coexist in the cervical spinal canal of a single patient. We report a case of CCJ-AVF found after cervical laminoplasty (CLP) for OPLL. A 68-year-old man experienced progressive myelopathy due to cervical OPLL. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a high-intensity area inside the spinal cord. CLP was performed and his symptoms immediately improved. Three months after CLP, however, myelopathy recurred. MRI revealed an exacerbated and enlarged high-intensity area inside the cord from the medulla oblongata to the C4/5 level with a flow void around the cord. Left vertebral artery angiography revealed CCJ-AVF with ascending and descending draining veins. Direct surgery was performed to interrupt shunt flow into the draining veins. The patient’s symptoms improved to a limited degree. In this case, increased pressure inside the spinal canal due to OPLL might have decreased the shunt flow of the CCJ-AVF. Thus, the venous congestion induced by CCJ-AVF might have been exacerbated after the pressure was removed by CLP. Magnetic resonance angiography screening could help detect concurrent CCJ-AVF and OPLL.

Flehmen Induction with Goats by the Urine of Twenty Animal Species

Kang, M.S.,Sasada, H.,Kanomata, K.,Fukuoka, T.,Masaki, J. 제주대학교 농과대학 제주도축산문제연구소 1989 畜産論叢 Vol.4 No.1

Flehmen is well-known response which often occurs during the procesa of courtship in most mammals. Recent studies with domestic ruminants suggest that the flehmen may be involved in the mechanism of transferring some pheromonal substances to vomeronasal organ. Thus, variety of its significance has been supposed, besides that male animals may UK it for estrus detection. In this experiment, 8 male, 3 female and 3 castrated goats of Saanen and its hybrid were used to ascertain whether urine from alien species can induce flehrnen aa that from same species. Urine was collected from twenty species consisting of 15 mammals, 3 birds and 2 reptiles and frozen until UM. Mostly urine was sprayed to the nose of goats, but some coagulated ones were miffed. Duration of flehmen was scored to our ranks as 0, l-19, 20-39 and > 40 sec. Each urine sample induced the response in any goats. However, much difference in the in-tensity was found between the samples and according to the reproductive state of the receptor goats. Although individual difference was manifest, male goats genenlly showed more intense response than did female. Castrated goats showed the intermediate pattern. Administration of antiandrogen to the male goat tended to reduce the response. The results indicate that flehmen in the goat could occur for the urine of alien species as that of same species and the androgen may be one of the factors regulating the response.

Flehmen Induction with Goats by the Urine of Twenty Animal Species

Kang M. S,H. Sasada,K. Kanomata,T. Fukuoka,J. Masak 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 1988 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.12 No.1

한.일간의 의료보험 관리 운영에 관한 비교연구(도입초부터 1993년까지)

남은우,사사다 시호 高神大學校保健科學硏究所 1997 보건과학연구소보 Vol.7 No.-

This paper aims to clarify two nations health insurance systim with some data. The data for pre-period to 1993. The people of the Republic of Korea have benefitde from universal health insurance coverage since 1989. The rapid expansion in the coverage of the social health insurance systim was due in large part to favourble economic circumstances combined with explicit govermment policy. The curent of the systim is a far cry from the harsh reality that prevailed in the early 1960s, the Republic of KAorea was a poor, agrariancountry in which seasonal famine was a serious problem. The roots of the country's present-day health insurance system can be found in the policies of the authoritariian military govermment which took power after a coup in 1961. In that after, changing circumstances would soon make compulsory health insurance a more viable proposition. Powerful economic developnent between 1962 and 1976 transformed the country from a predominantly agrarian society to a rapidly expanding manufacturing and industry-based economy. Per capita GNP had risen to US $765 by 1976. Resing income and employment in the manufacturing sector paved the way the introduction of compulsory health insurance for industrial workers. The first compulsory system, which covered the personnel in companies with more than 500 workers, was introduced in 1977. The system was financed by contributions paid by workers and their employers, and was administered by independent health insurance societies which were established by cach company. Continres rapid industrialization in the 1980s further increased employment and incomes in the industrial sector, and the economy grew by an average of more than 10% annually between 1980 and 1988. The consumer price index had remained relatively stable during the same period, and the govermment budget showed a financial surplus of 1.4% in 1986. The main lesson learnt during this process is that rapid economic development creates favourable socioeconomic conditions for the expansion of coverage to all industrial worders and government employees. It is clear that political action and government support are further key factors in the establishment of a veable and equitable health insurance systim. This experience also demonstrates that contribution-sharing on the farmers and the self-employed are to benefit from compulsory health insurance in Korea. Japan's health care system balances universal coverage at reasonable coat. The ratio of the GDP devoted to health care is 6.8% in 1990. Meanwhile Japan has achieved the longest life expectancy and the lowest infant mortaliyt in the world. Since Korea patterned after the Jpaan's compulsory insurance system, the health financing system is quite similar and Japan has a strong private sector as well which consists 82% of hospitals and 94% of clinics in 1992. In contrast to basically laissez-faire policy taken toward the delivery system, the financing system is heghly regulated in Japan. Every citizen must join one statutory health insurance plan offerde by their employer, or if they are self-employed that akminstrated bytheir local government. Since achieving the universal coverage of health insurance in 1961, the government. Since achieving the universal coverage of health insurance in 1961, the government decreased copayment rates for selt-employed and dependents from 50% to 30%. Although copayment rates are different from 10% to 30% among plans, all plans offer the same set of comprehensive medical benefits. Premiums amount to only 4% the average employee's total income in 1991. The government has a strong incentive to contain the growth of total health expenditure because the government subsidises one of health insurance plan(for self-employed) at a fixed rate. The fee schedule is annually reviewed by the Ministry of Health. From 1981 to 1990, drug price and laboratrory test fee, which used to give much profit for hospitals, have decreased by 52%. Thus the net increase for fees was kept at only 2.4%, while increase in inflation was 15% during the same period. This control has in dffect set an implicit global budget. It is worth recognezing that Japan's economic growht may have masked the sharp increase in health care coats. In Japan medical coats are relatively low and copayment is not much burden on most patients. However, it has some serious problems. Most serious feature has to do with quality of care. No real incentives exist to maintain quality. As a result of patients are increasingoy turing to the university and large public hospitals, there long queues for ortpatient visits. Development of referral system would be one solution, byt clinics and hospitals have regarded eachg other as competitors. Information disclosure and a formal system of extemal audit might be necessary.

Flehmen Induction with Goats by the Urine of Twenty Animal Species

Kanomata, K],Fukuoka, T,Sasada, H,Masaki, J,Kang, M.S 제주대학교 1988 논문집 Vol.26 No.-

Flehmen은 많은 동물에 있어 求愛과정중에 흔히 볼 수 있는 반응으로 알려져 있다. 反雛動物에 대한 최근의 연구에서 flehmen은 鋤鼻器官에 대해 어떤 pheromone 물질을 운반하는 메키니즘에 수반된 것일지도 모른다고 시사하고 있다. 그래서 이들 변화는 발정 발견을 위해 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각 되었다. 本 實驗은 다른 동물의 尿가 같은 동물의 尿처럼 flehmen을 誘起할 수 있을지 확인하기 위하여 Saanen과 이들 雜種인 雄山羊 8頭, 雌山羊 3頭, 去勢한 山羊 3頭를 공시하였다. 尿는 15種의 哺乳動物, 3種의 鳥類,2種의 파충류 등 모두 20種을 채취하여 실험할 때까지 냉동 보존 했다. 尿는 주로 코에 spray 해주었으나 약간 굳어 있는 것에 대해서는 코로 냄새를 맡게 했다. flehmen 지속시간은 0,1-9, 20-39 및 40초 이상 등 네가지로 구분 기록하였다. 각각의 尿는 어느 山羊에 있어서도 반응을 일으켰다. Sample 間 및 번식주기에 따라 강도에 많은 차이를 나타냈다. 개체 차이가 현저했음에도 불구하고 일반적으로 雄山羊은 雌山羊보다 더 강한 반응을 보였다. 거세산 山羊은 중간형을 나타냈다. Antiandrogen을 주사한 雄山羊의 반응은 억제되는 경향이었다. 이 결과는 산양에서 flehmen이 同種에서 처럼 다른 種의 尿로 부터도 誘起될 수 있다는 것과 그리고 androgen은 이 반응을 조절하는 factor의 하나일지도 모른다는 것을 시사했다. Flehmen is well-known response which often occures during the process of courtship in most mammals. Recent studies with domestic ruminants suggest that the flehmen may be involved in the mechanism of transferring some pheromonal substances to vomeronasal organ. Thus, variety of its significance has been supposed, besides that male animals may use it for estrus detection. In this experiment, 8 male, 3 female and 3 castrated goals of Saanen and its hybrid were used to ascertain whether urine from alien species can induce flehmen as that from same species. Urine was collected from twenty species consisting of 15 mammals. 3 birds and 2 reptiles and frozen until use. Mostly urine was sprayed to the nose of goats, but some coagulated ones were sniffed. Duration of flehmen was scored to four ranks as 0, 1-19, 20-39 and >40 sec. Each urine sample induced the response in any goats. However, much differnce in the intensity was found between the samples and according to the reproductive state of the receptor goats. Although individual difference was manifest, male goats generally showed more intense respomse than did female. Castrated goats showed the intermediate pattern. Administration of antiandrogen to the male goat tended to reduce the response. The results indicate that flehmen in the goat could occur for the urine of alien species as that of same species and the androgen may be one of factors regulating the response.