일본어교육으로서 연극도입에 대하여 -대학생의 의식 조사를 중심으로-

( Saito,Akemi ) 한국일어교육학회 2012 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.22

본고는 한국에서 대학교 수업으로 연극을 도입할 경우, 그 의의와 연극지도 순서에 대하여 설명한 후, 학생들이 쓴작문과 앙케이트 조사결과 등에 대하여 언급한 것이다. 연극도입의 의의로는 현실은 아닐지라도 문맥이 있는 장면으로 일본어회화를 배울 수 있다는 점, 그룹 활동을 통하여 학습의욕이 높아진다는 점 등을 들었다. 그리고 연극 순서로는 「사전지도→그룹 만들기→대본작성→대본 맞추기→연극 연습→발표」순서로 설명하였다. 이어, 앙케이트 조사결과를 보고하였다. 조사결과, 학생들은 연극이 재미있다고 생각하였으며 발표한 후 만족감을 느끼고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 이러한 기회가 있으면 또 참가하고 싶다는 학생들이 많다는 것도 밝혀졌다. 또 그룹의 구성원들이 모두 열심히 했다고 느끼며 구성원들에게 감사하고 있다고 대답한 학생도 많이 있었다. 그러나 방과 후에 대본맞추기나 연극연습, 배경이나 음향준비 등을 하였기 때문에 그룹 구성원들과의 시간조정이 어려웠다고 대답한 학생들도 적지 않았다. 이것은 이후 개선해야 할 점이기도하다. 또 일본어학습에 관해서는 평소 교실에서 학습할 수 없는 일본어단어나 표현을 배울 수 있어서, 일본어실력이 늘었다고 느끼고 있는 학생들이 많음이 밝혀졌다. 本稿は、韓國の大學における日本語會話の授業に演劇を導入する場合の意義、演劇指導の手順について述 べたあと、演劇に對する大學生の感想文をあげ、最後に大學生を大象としたアンケ一ト調査の結果について 言及したものである。演劇導入の意義としては、現實ではないが、文脈のある場面で日本語會話學ぶこと ができること、グル一プ活動をすることにより仲間意識が芽生え、學習意欲が高まること等をあげた。また、 演劇の手順としては、「事前指導→グル一プ作成→台本作成→台本の讀み合わせ→動作を伴う演劇の練習→發 表」の順に說明した。續いて、感想文とアンケ一ト調査の結果を報告したが、調査の結果、學生たちは演劇は 面白いと思い、發表した後滿足感を感じていることがわかった。そして、このような機會があれば、また參加 したいと思っている學生が多いことも明らかになった。また、グル一プのメンバ一は皆一生懸命やったと感 じ、メンバ一に感謝していると答えた學生も多かった。しかし、放課後に台本の讀み合わせや動作を伴った 練習、演劇の背景や音響の準備等をしたので、グル一プのメンバ一と時間の調整をするのが難しかったと答 えた學生も少なくなかった。これは今後改善しなければならない点でもある。また、日本語學習に關しては、 平素敎室では學習できない日本語の單語や表現を學ぶことができ、日本語の實力が伸びたと感じている學生 が多いということが明らかになった。

Perioperative Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Strength after Scoliosis Correction in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Wataru Saito1,Kosuke Mizuno,Gen Inoue,Takayuki Imura1,Toshiyuki Nakazawa,Masayuki Miyagi,Eiki Shirasawa,Kentaro Uchida,Masashi Takaso 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To investigate the effect of spinal correction on respiratory muscle strength in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Overview of Literature: Several studies have reported that scoliosis correction in patients with DMD does not improve pulmonary function. In these studies, pulmonary function was evaluated using the traditional spirometric values of percent vital capacity (%VC) and percent forced vital capacity (%FVC). However, traditional spirometry may not be suitable for patients with DMD because the results can be influenced by patient fatigue or level of understanding. Therefore, we evaluated respiratory function focusing on respiratory muscle strength using maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), in addition to %VC and %FVC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 16 patients with DMD who underwent spinal correction surgery between 2006 and 2011 at Kitasato University Hospital. All patients were males, and the mean age was 13.5 years. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using MIP, MEP, and SNIP. Measurements were obtained preoperatively and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively, and %VC and %FVC were obtained preoperatively and within 6 months postoperatively. Results: The mean preoperative and postoperative %VC values were 54.0% and 51.7%, whereas the mean %FVC values were 53.9% and 53.2%, respectively. The mean MIP, MEP, and SNIP values obtained preoperatively and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively were as follows: MIP, 40.5, 42.7 and 47.2 cm H2O; MEP, 26.0, 28.0, and 29.0 cm H2O; and SNIP, 33.4, 33.0, and 33.0 cm H2O; respectively. The mean MIP and MEP values significantly improved postoperatively. There were no significant differences in SNIP, %VC, or %FVC preand postoperatively. Conclusions: By focusing on respiratory muscle strength, our results suggest that scoliosis correction in patients with DMD might have a favorable effect on respiratory function.

The Consonant System of West Middle Mongol

( Saito Yoshio ) 한국알타이학회 2011 알타이학보 Vol.0 No.21

A quadrilingual manuscript of the Muqaddimat al-Adab created in Central Asia in the fifteenth century AD contains many West Middle Mongolian words in Arabic transcription. Taking consonantal differences and implicational universals into consideration, the author posited in Saito (2009) eight phonemic vowels /i, e, a, o, u, u, o, i/ for the Mongolian language recorded in the Muqaddimat al-Adab. In the present paper, he investigates the consonant system of the same language and sets up the following seventeen consonant phonemes through analysis of the use of Arabic characters in the document: /t, k, b, d, g, c, j, s, s, h, r, l, m, n, ŋ, w, y/.

日韓機械翻訳使用に関する認識と日本語の誤用例研究 ― オンライン授業を受講した韓国の大学生を中心にして ―

齊藤良子 ( Saito Ryoko ),齊藤明美 ( Saito Akemi ) 한국일어교육학회 2024 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.66

近年、新型コロナウイルス感染防止のために韓国の多くの大学で実施されたオンライン授業の課題として提出された日本語作文にみられる誤用は新型コロナウイルス流行以前の対面授業での課題作文にみられた誤用とは様相が異なっていると思われる。このような日本語の誤用に変化をもたらした要因の一つに日本語の作文を書く際に学生が用いた翻訳アプリ、翻訳サイト、翻訳ソフト等を含む機械翻訳の影響があったと思われる。オンライン授業を受講し教室以外の場所で書いた日本語作文は、対面授業での日本語作文とは異なり辞書や教科書を参考にする以外に日本語のできる知り合いの力を借りたり、機械翻訳をすることをも可能にした。本研究では、まず、オンライン授業を受講した韓国の大学生が課題の日本語作文を書く際に、どの程度翻訳アプリ等を使用しているのかについて現状を調査した。また、翻訳アプリを使用している学生は翻訳アプリをどのように認識し、どのような使い方をしているのかについても明らかにしようとした。さらに、学生が韓国語と日本語で、同じ内容で書いた作文をもとに、日本語作文にみられる誤用例と翻訳アプリの誤訳とを比較し分析することによって、翻訳アプリの使用と日本語に誤用が生じた原因との間に関連があるか否かについても調査した。調査の結果、大部分の学生が翻訳アプリ等を使用しているが、認識の仕方と使い方は専攻、学習歴と関連があることが明らかになった。機械翻訳が一般化しつつある現在、機械翻訳と日本語教育を初めとする言語教育との共存を実現するためには、このような研究が必要であると思われる。 Many South Korean universities have adopted online classes to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Recently misusage examples seen in Japanese composition assignments submitted in these classes differ from those in conventional face-to-face classes before the COVID-19 pandemic. One factor that led to this change is the influence of machine translation, which includes translation apps, translation sites and translation softwares that students use when writing. In case of online classes, students can write Japanese compositions outside of the classroom, asking for help from Japanese speaking acquaintances and using machine translation, while students would use dictionaries and textbooks in face-to-face classes. This study surveys the actual status of the usage of translation apps among online-class students when writing Japanese compositions, as well as examines how students recognize translation apps and how they use them. Composition assignments written in both Korean and Japanese with the same content were used to compare and analyze word misusage seen in the Japanese compositions and mistranslation by translation apps. This study looked for relevant factors between the use of translation apps and the actual misusage in the writing. Results of this survey shows that the majority of students used tools such as translation apps, but the condition of recognition and usage was relevant to the students’ major subject and their individual study history. With machine translation becoming increasingly common, studies such as this are necessary to achieve coexistence of language education including Japanese and machine translation.

オンライン授業による日本語作文にみられる誤用例研究 ― 韓国の大学生を中心にして ―

齊藤良子 ( Saito¸ Ryoko ),齊藤明美 ( Saito¸ Akemi ) 한국일어교육학회 2023 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.64

韓国では、新型コロナウイルス感染防止のために2020年からオンライン授業を実施する大学が増加した。新型コロナウィルスの流行以前の韓国の大学における日本語作文の授業は主に対面で行なわれ、課題として出された作文を授業時間外に書いて提出することはあったが、授業中は教員の目があることもあり、単語や文法を教科書や辞書で調べることはあっても、それ以外の手段を用いて書くということはあまりなかったと思われる。しかし、オンライン授業で行なわれる場合、作文はすべて授業時間外に書かれ、教員の目が全く届かないこともあり、課題として出された日本語作文を書く際に、従来通り教科書や辞書を用いて自分一人の力で作文を書く学生、翻訳アプリを利用する学生、日本語が得意な知人の助言を得て作文を書く学生等がいると思われる。また、社会に出た後も学生が翻訳アプリを使用する機会は多いだろう。このような様々な可能性を考えると、オンライン授業を受講している韓国の大学生が書いた日本語作文の誤用研究をすることは意義があると思われる。そこで、本研究ではオンライン授業にて開講された授業の課題として提出された日本語作文にみられる誤用例をあげ、誤用が生じた原因について考察した。調査の結果、名詞、形容詞、形容動詞、助詞、敬語、授受表現に誤用がみられた。また、誤用の原因を一つに定めることは難しいが、母語干渉によるもの、学習不足、翻訳アプリによるもの等いくつかの要因があると思われる。 Many South Korean universities have conducted online classes since 2020 to prevent COVID-19. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Japanese composition classes in South Korean universities were mainly held face-to-face, and with the teacher’s supervision, students used textbooks and dictionaries during class to look up words and check grammar. Students may complete the assigned compositions outside of class, but they mainly used these tools in writing. However, in the case of online classes compositions are all written outside of class, and with no teacher present to monitor the writing, some students may write using dictionaries and textbooks as usual, some may use translation apps, and some may ask for advice in writing. Students will have many opportunities to use translation apps even after graduation. Considering these possibilities, it would be meaningful to study misuse found in Japanese compositions that South Korean university students write in online classes. This study presents misuse examples found in the submitted compositions assigned in online classes, and discusses the reasons that led to misuse. Results show that misuse was found in nouns, adjectives, adverbs, particles, honorifics and expressions for acceptance. It is difficult to determine a single reason for misuse, but various factors such as mother-tongue interference, lack of study and use of translation apps can be considered.

Short-Term Results of Hybrid Closed-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Case Series with a Minimum 3-Year Follow-up

Hidetomo Saito,Kimio Saito,Yoichi Shimada,Toshiaki Yamamura,Shin Yamada,Takahiro Sato,Koji Nozaka,Hiroaki Kijima,Naohisa Miyakoshi 대한슬관절학회 2018 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Purpose: High tibial valgus osteotomy (HTO) is a well­established surgical procedure for patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The hybrid closed­wedge HTO (CWHTO) procedure permits extensive correction in patients with severe deformities or patellofemoral joint OA. The aim of this study was to report the short­term results in a consecutive series of patients treated with hybrid CWHTO.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes and radiographic parameters in 29 consecutive knees that underwent hybrid CWTHO to correct medial compartment OA at an average follow­up of 52.6 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Lysholm score and knee scoring system of the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA). The Kellgren­Lawrence grading system and pre­ and postoperative mechanical axis (MA), femorotibial angle (FTA), posterior tibial slope, and patella height were assessed.Results: The FTA and MA significantly changed from 180.7° to 170.4° and from 22.0° to 60.2°, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the mean pre­ and postoperative posterior tibial slope, Insall­Salvati ratio, or Caton­Deschamps index. The postoperative JOA and Lysholm scores significantly improved from 76.7 to 95.8 and from 58.8 to 90.2, respectively. Conclusions: Satisfactory outcomes can be achieved with hybrid CWHTO in patients with medial OA.

만엽에 나타난 「 아이 」 : 시(가(歌))의 장면과 이미지를 통하여 the Images of the Children and the Scenes they appeared in poems

Saito, Asako 한국일어일문학회 1999 日語日文學硏究 Vol.35 No.1

한 존재가 어떤 호칭으로 불려지는 것은 그것이 어떻게 인식되고 있는가를 반영하는 것으로, 호칭의 다양성 및 구별은 각각의 발생 이유와 사정을 가지고 있는 것이다. 본고는 万葉集에 나타난 「子(こ, 아이)」 라는 호칭에 주목하여, 그 이미지와 장면의 분석을 통해 이 말이 시(歌)의 세계에 도입 된 배경을 고찰하려는 것이다. 万葉集에는 연령과는 무관하게 부모의 대립개념 사용된 「子」 가 들어간 시가 7수, 영아라는 의미로 사용된 「みどりご」가 9수, 그리고 아직 성인이 아니라는 「わらは」가 7수 포함되어 있다. 「子」 는 行路및 견당사파견, 그리고 도시에서 읍으로의 이동이라는 이별의 장면에 많이 나타나며, 주로3.4기에 집중되어 있다. 「みどりご」도 제2기의 枾本人麻呂의 泣血哀慟歌에 처음 쓰여진 이래, 대부분 그 類歌라 할 수 있는 제3기 이후의 亡妻挽歌에 많다. 특히 「行路死人歌」에서는 어머니에의 귀속감과 친밀감과 더불어 「子」가 사용되고 있는데, 이 같은 아이와 어머니와의 인연의 깊이는 당시의 장·단기에 걸친 광범위한 「通い婚」의 관습에 의한 「母子+父」이라는 가족형태와도 깊이 관련되어 있다고 말할 수 있다. 그런가하면 권16의「竹取翁の歌」에 있어서는 유아에서 성인에 이르기까지의 남자아이의 성장이 그 머리형의 변화로서 묘사되어 있는데, 이것은 어른과 아이를 구별한다는 인식이 높았던 것을 의미하는 것이다. 亡妻挽歌에서의 「みどりご」의 이미지는 「みどり」가 초목의 새순을 가리키는 말로, 생명이 싹트기 시작한 어린잎과 새순을 하루가 다르게 커 가는 유아의 모습과 오버랩시키고 있다. 또한 제3기의 山上憶良와 제4기의 大伴坂上郞는 소중한 아이를 「백옥」에 비유하고 있다. 전자에서는 「みどりご」가 아내의 부수적 존재로 표현되고 있지만, 후자에 있어서는 아이의 존재 그 자체가 부모에 있어 하나의 가치라는 점이 강하게 인식되어지고 있다. 이처럼 일상생활에 있어 지나치게 강한 부수적 존재였던「子」를 万葉集3,4기에 있어 새삼스럽게 인식시키고, 시로 읊었던 것은 자신을 사회적인 어떤 위치에 놓고, 철저히 그 위치에서 노래하는 방식이 가능하게 되었기 때문이기도 하지만, 그 배경에는 율령제도의 정착과 관료의 제도화라고 하는 새로운 시대의 변화가 있었다고 여겨진다.

帝紀『増鏡』の始発 ー後鳥羽院物語の示すものー

Saito Ayumi 단국대학교 일본연구소 2015 일본학연구 Vol.44 No.-

In this paper I consider the narrative of the Gotoba-in in medieval history story “Masukagami”. Usually, “Masukagami” is defined as chronological, but considering the contents of the volumes, it can be referred to as “record of emperors”. And thinking the whole work with 4-parts of Gotoba-in story, GoSaga-in story, two courts period*, Godaigo story, we examined the nature of Gotoba-in story that this history story is started. Gotoba-in story has 3 volumes. It corresponds to the front and back of Jōkyū War that he has caused. The evaluation of him in “Masukagami” is positive. It is pictorially described as the chairman of the waka and aristocratic culture. Author have deliberately abstracted the point that has been criticized in another recording. In addition, it is necessary to note outlines the history of waka, samurai, aristocracy. These presented the ideal ancient traditions. He is not represented for the battle he caused. The both of his intention and the course of battle are not shown. In other medieval literary works describes that he was more interested in military things, dissatisfaction with samurai regime was strong, and he pursued the plan for the battle clearly. However, it is noted that none of the blessings of God in this work, steadily to bemoan the absurdity of that emperor was defeated by samurai. It was the first defeat on the Japanese history. The author was aware that there is no sufficient reason to this battle. However, he did not directly state it, and chose a way to imply. The life of Gotoba-in leaving capital, told in lyrical by his poetry. Gotoba-in is portrayed as president of culture, and disappeared in the battle under criticism, and resurrected in the isolated island. When read in conjunction with the preface, his story is situated on the starting point of the process of aristocracy lost power. This perception set the nature of this literary work. two courts period*-period which emperors were crowned from the two houses by turn. この論文では中世歴史物語『増鏡』の後鳥羽院についての叙述を検討する。『増鏡』は通常編年体と定義されるが、 巻の内容によって考えると「帝紀」と呼ぶことができる。そして作品全体を後鳥羽院物語・後嵯峨院物語・両統迭立期・後醍醐天皇物語の4部構成と考えて、この歴史物語が開始される後鳥羽院物語の性格を検討した。後鳥羽院物語は3巻である。それは彼が起こした承久の乱の前後に対応している。『増鏡』の中の彼の評価は肯定的である。和歌や貴族文化の中心として絵画的に記述されている。他の記録に批判されている点を意図的に捨象している。また、和歌・武士・貴族政治の歴史を概説する点をも注目する必要がある。これらは理想的な古代の伝統を提示している。彼が起こした戦いについては表現されていない。彼の意図も戦いの経過も示されない。他の中世の文学作品では彼が軍事的なことに関心が高かったこと、武家政権に対する不満が強く、 自ら戦いを計画したことが明確に書かれている。しかし、この作品では神の加護が無かったことを記して、一途に天皇が武士に敗北したことの不条理を嘆く。それは日本歴史上初めてのことであった。作者はこの戦いに正当性がないことを意識していた。 しかし、それを直接的に記さず、 暗示する方法を選んだ。 都を離れた後鳥羽院の生活は、彼の和歌によって叙情的に語られる。 後鳥羽院物語は文化の主宰者として描かれ、批判せざるを得ない戦いでは姿を消し、都を離れた離島で復活する。 序文と併せて読むと、彼の物語は貴族が権力を失う過程の起点である。これがこの作品の性格を決定しているのだ。

Species coexistence under resource competition with intraspecific and interspecific direct competition in a chemostat

Saito, Yasuhisa,Miki, Takeshi Elsevier 2010 Theoretical population biology Vol.78 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Competition theory has developed separately for direct competition and for exploitative competition. However, the combined effects of the two types of competition on species coexistence remain unclear. To examine how intraspecific and interspecific direct competition contributes to the coexistence of species competing for a single resource, we constructed a chemostat-type resource competition model. With general functions for intraspecific and interspecific direct competition, we derived necessary and sufficient conditions (except for a critical case that rarely occurs in a biological sense) that determine the number of stably coexisting species. From these conditions, we found that the number of coexisting species is determined just by the invasibility of each species into subcommunities with a smaller number of species. In addition, using a combination of rigorous mathematical theory and a simple graphical method, we can demonstrate how the stronger intraspecific direct competition facilitates species invasion, leading to a larger number of coexisting species.</P>

Protonation-Triggered Conformational Changes to Möbius Aromatic [32]Heptaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1.1)

Saito, Shohei,Shin, Jae-Yoon,Lim, Jong Min,Kim, Kil Suk,Kim, Dongho,Osuka, Atsuhiro WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Angewandte Chemie Vol.47 No.50

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Switching Aromaticity: Conformations of [32]heptaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1.1) are dependent upon meso-aryl substituents, solvents, temperature, and protonation. Particularly, protonation of meso-pentafluorophenyl-substituted [32]heptaphyrin triggers conformational changes to form twisted aromatic Möbius structures (see picture), even at room temperature. <img src='wiley_img/14337851-2008-47-50-ANIE200804457-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14337851-2008-47-50-ANIE200804457-content'> </P>