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Avinash Vishwakarma,Sivaiah Bathula,Nagendra S. Chauhan,Ruchi Bhardwaj,Bhasker Gahtori,Avanish K. Srivastava,Ajay Dhar 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.12
SiGe alloy is widely used thermoelectric materials for high temperature thermoelectric generator applications. However, its high thermoelectric performance has been thus far realized only in alloys synthesized employing mechanical alloying techniques, which are time-consuming and employ several materials processing steps. In the current study, for the first time, we report an enhanced thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT)∼1.1 at 900 °C in ntype Si80Ge20 nano-alloys, synthesized using a facile and up-scalable methodology consisting of rapid solidification at high optimized cooling rate∼3.4×107 K/s, employing melt spinning followed by spark plasma sintering of the resulting nano-crystalline melt-spun ribbons. This enhancement in ZT>20% over its bulk counterpart, owes its origin to the nano-crystalline microstructure formed at high cooling rates, which results in crystallite size ∼7 nm leading to high density of grain boundaries, which scatter heat-carrying phonons. This abundant scattering resulted in a very low thermal conductivity ∼2.1 Wm−1K−1, which corresponds to ∼50% reduction over its bulk counterpart and is amongst the lowest reported thus far in n-type SiGe alloys. The synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, based on which the enhancement in their thermoelectric performance has been discussed.
Quality control of Dalchini (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): a review
Arun K. S. Parihar,K. Kulshrestha Mayank,Umakant Sahu,K. S. Karbhal,S. R. Inchulkar,Kamal Shah,N. S. Chauhan 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.1
Dalchini bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) being a vast treasure of phytoconstitutents have a tremendous ethnomedicinal value. Dalchini (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) being a delicious spice with an impressive effects on health and metabolism. Cinnamon barks are available in the market in lot of varieties. So it’s difficult to identify and select dalchini adulterant by numerous substituent and exhausted drugs which are of fewer efficacies and have an harmful effects for human beings. Dalchini are adulterate with Cinnamon cassia, Cinnaniomon burmanii, Cinnaniomon loureirii with other spices and amurud (Psidium guajava, common guava, lemon guava) etc. The present chapter is an attempt to cater various techniques for the identified of the adulterants and substitutes to shot out deterioration of herb potential.
Development of In Vitro Produced Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos in Relation to Time
Chauhan, M.S.,Singla, S.K.,Palta, P.,Manik, R.S.,Tomer, O.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.4
The objective of the present study was to examine the developmental rates, and the stage of development in relation to time since fertilization, of in vitro produced buffalo embryos. Buffalo cumulus-oocyte complexes obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized in vitro. The fertilized oocytes (n = 248) were then co-cultured with buffalo oviductal epithelial cells and evaluated for the developmental stages on Days 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 post-insemination. The peak of 4-cell stage embryos was observed on Day 2 (63.7 %), whereas Day 4 was marked by peaks of 6-8-cell stage embryos (20.9%) and 16-cell stage embryos to early morulae (50%). On Days 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 post-insemination, 49.5, 48.3, 38.3, 33.8 and 33.4% embryos were found to be at morula/compact morula stages, 8.8, 12.5, 25.4, 6.0 and 1.2% at early blastocyst/blastocyst stages, 0, 6.8, 7.2, 15.3 and 2.0% at expanded blastocyst stage and 0, 1.6, 4.8, 19.3 and 38.5% hatching/hatched blastocyst stages, respectively. The peaks of early blastocyst/blastocyst, expanded blastocyst and hatching/hatched blastocyst stages were observed on Days 8, 9 and 10, respectively. The percentages of oocytes which initially became arrested and subsequently degenerated were 3.6, 4.8, 10.4, 14.5, 21.3 and 24.5% on Days 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 post-insemination, respectively.
Chauhan, Ripudaman Singh,Rajesh, S.K Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2020 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.10 No.3
Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE (immunoglobin-E) mediated inflammatory condition of upper respiratory tract; main clinical features involve runny nose, sneezing, nasal obstruction, itching and watery eyes. AR is a global problem and has large variations in incidences, currently affects up to 20% - 40% of the population worldwide. It may not be a life-threatening disease per se but indisposition from the condition can be severe and has the potential to adversely affect the daily functioning of life. Classical yoga literature indicates that, components of yoga have been used to treat numerous inflammatory conditions including upper respiratory tract. A few yoga intervention studies reported improvement in lung capacity, Nasal air flow and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. This review examined various anti-inflammatory pathways mediated through Yoga that include downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The hypothalaminic-pitutary-adrenal (HPA) axis and vagal efferent stimulation has been reported to mediate anti-inflammatory effect. A significant reduction is also reported in other inflammatory biomarkers like- TNF-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), plasma CRP and Cortisol level. Neti, a yogic nasal cleansing technique, reported beneficial effect on AR by direct physical cleansing of thick mucus, allergens, and inflammatory mediator from nasal mucosa resulting in improved ciliary beat frequency. We do not find any study showing effect of yoga on neurogenic inflammation. In summary, Integrated Yoga Therapy may have beneficial effect in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with allergic rhinitis. Yoga may reduce inflammation through mediating neuro-endocrino-immunological network. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanism how yoga might modulate immune inflammation cascade and neurogenic inflammation at the cellular level in relevance to allergic rhinitis; the effects of kriyas (yogic cleansing techniques) also need to be evaluated in early and late phase of AR. So the proposed model could guide future research.
Mahla, S.K.,Dhir, Amit,Gill, Kanwar J.S.,Cho, Haeng Muk,Lim, Hee Chang,Chauhan, Bhupendra Singh Elsevier 2018 ENERGY Vol.152 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Dwindling fossil fuel resources and deteriorating ambient air quality has mandate the search for suitable alternative fuels for diesel engine. Dual fuel engines show remarkable engine performance characteristics at higher engine loads but suffer from high NO<SUB>x</SUB>-smoke opacity emissions trade-off. In the present study, an attempt has been made to introduce exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) under compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled diesel engine using Jatropha biodiesel (B20) blend as pilot fuel. Experimental investigations were carried out in a single cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine, which was suitably modified to operate under dual fuel mode along with EGR. Comparative analysis was made on the basis of combustion, performance and emissions characteristics at different engine operating loads for fossil diesel, CNG and biodiesel blend (B20) with and without EGR. It was evident from the experimental investigations that dual fuel mode with EGR improved the NO<SUB>x</SUB>-smoke emission trade-off at higher engine loads without deteriorating engine combustion and performance characteristics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CNG and Biodiesel is used under dual fuel mode. </LI> <LI> EGR is effective in curbing NO<SUB>x</SUB> emissions. </LI> <LI> Smoke emission decreases with EGR. </LI> <LI> Drop in brake thermal efficiency under dual fuel mode. </LI> </UL> </P>
Role of Interface on the Development of Microstructure in Carbon-Carbon Composites
Dhakate, S.R.,Mathur, R.B.,Dhami, T.L.,Chauhan, S.K. Korean Carbon Society 2002 Carbon Letters Vol.3 No.4
Microstructure plays an important role in controlling the fracture behaviour of carbon-carbon composites and hence their mechanical properties. In the present study effort was made to understand how the different interfaces (fiber/matrix interactions) influence the development of microstructure of the matrix as well as that of carbon fibers as the heat treatment temperature of the carbon-carbon composites is raised. Three different grades of PAN based carbon fibres were selected to offer different surface characteristics. It is observed that in case of high-strength carbon fiber based carbon-carbon composites, not only the matrix microstructure is different but the texture of carbon fiber changes from isotropic to anisotropic after HTT to $2600^{\circ}C$. However, in case of intermediate and high modulus carbon fiber based carbon-carbon composites, the carbon fiber texture remains nearly isotropic at $2600^{\circ}C$ because of relatively weak fiber-matrix interactions.