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TRULY NONTRIVIAL GRAPHOIDAL COVERS-I
PURNIMA GUPTA,RAJESH SINGH 장전수학회 2017 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.20 No.4
A graphoidal cover of a graph G is a collection Ψ of non- trivial paths (not necessarily open) in G such that every vertex of G is an internal vertex of at most one path in Ψ and every edge of G is in exactly one path in Ψ. A graphoidal cover Ψ of G is a truly non- trivial graphoidal cover (TNT graphoidal cover) of G if every path in Ψ has length greater than 1. A graph G is a truly nontrivial graph (TNT graph) if it possesses a TNT graphoidal cover. In this paper we intend to answer the fundamental question "Does every graph possess a TNT graphoidal cover ?", raised by Fred Roberts in first author's thesis re- port. After exhibiting the fact that not every graph possesses a TNT graphoidal cover, we could obtain some forbidden structures for a graph to be a TNT graph. And in the quest to find graphs having a TNT graphoidal cover, we could identify certain classes of trees and unicyclic graphs which are TNT graphs.
Purnima Hazra,S. K. Singh,S. Jit 대한전자공학회 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.1
The fabrication and characterization of a Si/ZnO thin film heterojunction ultraviolet photodiode has been presented in this paper. ZnO thin film of ~100 nm thick was deposited on <100> Silicon (Si) wafer by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirms that as-deposited ZnO thin film has excellent visible-blind UV response with almost no defects in the visible region. The room temperature current-voltage characteristics of the n-ZnO thin film/p-Si photodiodes are measured under an UV illumination of 650 <W at 365 nm in the applied voltage range of ±2V. The current-voltage characteristics demonstrate an excellent UV photoresponse of the device in its reverse bias operation with a contrast ratio of ~ 1115 and responsivity of ~0.075 A/W at 2 V reverse bias voltage.
Hazra, Purnima,Singh, S.K.,Jit, S. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.1
The fabrication and characterization of a Si/ZnO thin film heterojunction ultraviolet photodiode has been presented in this paper. ZnO thin film of ~100 nm thick was deposited on <100> Silicon (Si) wafer by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirms that as-deposited ZnO thin film has excellent visible-blind UV response with almost no defects in the visible region. The room temperature current-voltage characteristics of the n-ZnO thin film/p-Si photodiodes are measured under an UV illumination of $650{\mu}W$ at 365 nm in the applied voltage range of ${\pm}2V$. The current-voltage characteristics demonstrate an excellent UV photoresponse of the device in its reverse bias operation with a contrast ratio of ~ 1115 and responsivity of ~0.075 A/W at 2 V reverse bias voltage.
Kuldeep Kumar,Kinsuk Das,Ajay Kumar,Purnima Singh,Madhusoodan A. P.,Triveni Dutt,Sadhan Bag The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction and Biot 2023 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.2
Background: Germ cells undergo towards male or female pathways to produce spermatozoa or oocyte respectively which is essential for sexual reproduction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential of trans-differentiation to the multiple cell lineages. Methods: Herein, rat MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and characterized by their morphological features, expression of MSC surface markers, and in vitro differentiation capability. Results: Thereafter, we induced these cells only by retinoic acid supplementation in MSC medium and, could able to show that bone marrow derived MSCs are capable to trans-differentiate into male germ cell-like cells in vitro. We characterized these cells by morphological changes, the expressions of germ cell specific markers by immunophenotyping and molecular biology tools. Further, we quantified these differentiated cells. Conclusions: This study suggests that only Retinoic acid in culture medium could induce bone marrow MSCs to differentiate germ cell-like cells in vitro. This basic method of germ cell generation might be helpful in the prospective applications of this technology.
Kumar Kuldeep,Das Kinsuk,Kumar Ajay,Singh Purnima,A. P. Madhusoodan,Dutt Triveni,Bag Sadhan 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2023 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.38 No.2
Background: Germ cells undergo towards male or female pathways to produce spermatozoa or oocyte respectively which is essential for sexual reproduction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential of trans-differentiation to the multiple cell lineages. Methods: Herein, rat MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and characterized by their morphological features, expression of MSC surface markers, and in vitro differentiation capability. Results: Thereafter, we induced these cells only by retinoic acid supplementation in MSC medium and, could able to show that bone marrow derived MSCs are capable to trans-differentiate into male germ cell-like cells in vitro. We characterized these cells by morphological changes, the expressions of germ cell specific markers by immunophenotyping and molecular biology tools. Further, we quantified these differentiated cells. Conclusions: This study suggests that only Retinoic acid in culture medium could induce bone marrow MSCs to differentiate germ cell-like cells in vitro . This basic method of germ cell generation might be helpful in the prospective applications of this technology.