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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Patterson Jr., Donald G. (검색결과 3 건)
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Characterization of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Atlanta
Li, Zheng,Sjodin, Andreas,Porter, Erin N.,Patterson Jr., Donald G.,Needham Jr., Larry L.,Lee Jr., Sangil,Russell Jr., Armistead G.,Mulholland Jr., James A. Elsevier 2009 Atmospheric environment Vol.43 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Twenty-four hour PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> samples from a rural site, an urban site, and a suburban site (next to a major highway) in the metropolitan Atlanta area in December 2003 and June 2004 were analyzed for 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Extraction of the air samples was conducted using an accelerated solvent extraction method followed by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry determination. Distinct seasonal variations were observed in total PAH concentration (i.e. significantly higher concentrations in December than in June). Mean concentrations for total particulate PAHs in December were 3.16, 4.13, and 3.40ngm<SUP>−3</SUP> for the urban, suburban and rural sites, respectively, compared with 0.60, 0.74, and 0.24ngm<SUP>−3</SUP> in June. Overall, the suburban site, which is impacted by a nearby major highway, had higher PAH concentration than did the urban site. Total PAH concentrations were found to be well correlated with PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) in both months (<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP>=0.36–0.78, <I>p</I><0.05), although the slopes from the two months were different. PAHs represented on average 0.006% of total PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> mass and 0.017% of OC in June, compared with 0.033% of total PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> and 0.14% of OC in December. Total PAH concentrations were also correlated with potassium ion (<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP>=0.39, <I>p</I>=0.014) in December, but not in June, suggesting that in winter biomass burning can potentially be an important source for particulate PAH. Retene was found at a higher median air concentration at the rural site than at the urban and suburban sites—unlike the rest of the PAHs, which were found at lower levels at the rural site. Retene also had a larger seasonal difference and had the weakest correlation with the rest of the PAHs measured, suggesting that retene, in particular, might be associated with biomass burning.</P>
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Review : How Leptin Controls the Drive to Eat
( Christa M. Patterson ),( Martin G. Myers Jr ) 대한비만학회 2015 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.24 No.2
A complex set of brain based systems modulate feeding to maintain constant body weight. The adipose derived-hormone, leptin, plays a crucial role in this control by acting on diverse leptin receptor (LepRb)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus and brainstem to modify behavior and metabolism. In addition to controlling energy expenditure and satiety, leptin controls motivation and the reward value of food by regulating two interconnected systems: hypocretin (HCRT) neurons and the mesolimbic dopamine (MLDA) system. Modest/acute decreases in leptin levels, as associated with mild caloric restriction, increase MLDA activity and overall food-seeking behavior; in contrast, severe starvation or complete leptin deficiency blunt MLDA activity, along with motivation and associated behaviors. Lateral hypothalamic (LHA) LepRb neurons project to dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area, where neurotensin (NT) release augments MLDA function; these LepRbNT cells also innervate HCRT neurons to control Hcrt expression and inhibit HCRT neurons. Ablation of LepRb in these cells abrogates the control of HCRT cells by leptin and decreases activity and MLDA function. We propose that this neural pathway regulates the MLDA, activity, and motivation in response to leptin and nutritional status.
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노영태,김은주,이현일,Margarita Saiz,Ricardo Carrion Jr,Jean L. Patterson 생화학분자생물학회 2004 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.36 No.2
In this study, Leishmania RNA virus 1-4 (LRV1-4) particles purified from host Leishmania guyanensis promastigotes were examined for capsid endoribonuclease. Temperature optimum for the endoribonulease activity was found to be at 37oC to 42oC and the activity was specifically inhibited by the aminoglycoside antibiotics, neomycin, kanamycin, and hygromycin and by 100 mM levels of NaCl or KCl. To determ ine the catalytic domain of the capsid endoribonuclease activity, three point-mutation at cysteine residues at C47S (P1), C128/ 133S (P2), and C194R (P3) were prepared and each gene was constructed into baculoviruses and expressed in Sf9 insect cells. LRV1-4 capsid Nterminus (N2 and N3) and C-terminus (C1 and C2) deletion mutants (Cadd et al., 1994) were also examined by in vitro RNA cleavage assay. The results showed that the capsid mutants; C1, C2, N3, P1, and P2 were capable of forming proper virus-like particles (VLPs) and they all possessed the specific endoribonuclease activity. However, two assembly-defective capsid mutants, N2 (Nterminus 24-amino acids deletion) and P3 mutants, did not retain the specific endoribonuclease activity. Taken together, the results suggest that at least 24 amino acids from the N-terminal region and C194 residue in LRV1-4 capsid protein are functionally important for LRV1-4 viral assembly and the capsid endoribonuclease activity may be dependent upon the properly assembled LRV1-4 virus particles.
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