Spatio-temporal supply–demand of surface water for agroforestry planning in saline landscape of the lower Amudarya Basin

Kumar, Navneet,Khamzina, Asia,Tischbein, Bernhard,Knö,fel, Patrick,Conrad, Christopher,Lamers, John P.A. ACADEMIC PR 2019 JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS Vol.162 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Global warming is predicted to increase water scarcity in many drylands worldwide. In Central Asia, one of the most intensively irrigated dryland agricultural regions, climate change is likely to exacerbate the regional water supply–demand gaps, particularly in downstream areas. The withdrawal of degraded, highly salinized croplands from irrigated farming in favor of tree plantations that effectively utilize saline groundwater may contribute to irrigation water saving, which can generate valuable ecosystem services and provide rural income opportunities. To facilitate the spatial planning of afforestation in the lower Amudarya region, we developed a hydrological algorithm to map the spatio-temporal pattern of water supply–demand. The resulting map, based on seven-year continuous data of cropping pattern and corresponding irrigation dynamics, rainfall, and evapotranspiration at 250 m resolution, revealed the overly irrigated areas from which excess water can be redistributed to water-stressed areas. Furthermore, combining this information with spatial data on marginally productive croplands and with water requirement of tree plantations showed that 67% of these croplands are characterized by water availability sufficient for the introduction of salt-tolerant tree species. The algorithm developed is of potential use for defining the feasibility of introducing alternative (tree) crops with known growth and water use characteristics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Remote sensing aided a water balance estimation in data-scarce irrigated drylands. </LI> <LI> Spatio-temporal dynamics of surface water is key for dryland afforestation planning. </LI> <LI> Cell-based hydrological algorithm offers spatial guidance for regional afforestation. </LI> <LI> Over 60% of marginal cropland receives enough water for conversion to agroforestry. </LI> </UL> </P>

In-Situ Synthesis of rGO Supported Ce Nanocatalyst of Transesterification of Propylene Carbonate (PC) and Ethanol to Diethyl Carbonate (DEC)

Kumar Navneet,Jinsub Park 한국신재생에너지학회 2022 AFORE Vol.2022 No.9

Robot-assisted "Santosh-Post Graduate Institute tubularized flap pyelovesicostomy" in a solitary functioning kidney with giant hydronephrosis: A minimally invasive salvage procedure

Santosh Kumar,Shivanshu Singh,Navneet Kumar 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.2

We describe a case of a solitary functioning kidney with giant hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a young girl who underwent successful robot-assisted tubularized flap pyelovesicostomy. The aim of this report was to highlight the feasibility and efficacy of this technique in salvaging such renal moieties and to present a brief review of the surgical options available for the management of giant hydronephrosis.

Feasibility of Neurovascular Antropylorus Perineal Transposition With Pudendal Nerve Anastomosis Following Anorectal Excision: A Cadaveric Study for Neoanal Reconstruction

Abhijit Chandra,Ashok Kumar,M Noushif,Nitish Gupta,Vijay Kumar,Navneet Kumar Chauhan,Vishal Gupta 대한대장항문학회 2013 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Perineal transposition of the antropyloric valve following an anorectal excision as a substitute for a permanent colostomy has recently been reported in humans. However, the problem of neural control still remains in these patients. Our aim herein was to study the anatomical feasibility of an anastomosis between the pudendal nerve branches (inferior rectal nerve) innervating the external anal sphincter and the anterior vagal branches of the perineally-transposed antropyloric segment in cadavers. Methods: The antropyloric segment, along with its carefully dissected branch of the anterior vagus, was mobilized based on the left gastroepiploic pedicle in six fresh human cadavers. The antropyloric valve was then transposed in the perineum after the pudendal nerve branches had been dissected out, and an approximation of these two nerves was performed to ascertain the technical feasibility of their neural anastomosis. Results: The anterior vagus innervating the antropylorus could be harvested in all cadavers below the hepatic division of the main vagus trunk. The inferior rectal nerve or its branches were found consistently around the 3 or the 9 o’clock position in the ischioanal fossa. An anatomical tension-free approximation of the anterior vagus branch (of the transposed antropyloric segment) to the inferior rectal nerve in the perineum was feasible in all the cadavers studied. Conclusion: An inferior rectal nerve anastomosis with the anterior vagal branch of the perineally-transposed antropyloric segment can be achieved anatomically. This preliminary step can be the basis for future animal studies and subsequent clinical application of the procedure for possible neural control of the transposed antropyloric segment in the perineum.

A Survey on Applications of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System

Navneet Walia,Sharad Kumar,Harsukhpreet Singh 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.11

In this paper we presented an architecture and basic learning process underlying in fuzzy inference system and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system which is a hybrid network implemented in framework of adaptive network. In real world computing environment, soft computing techniques including neural network, fuzzy logic algorithms have been widely used to derive an actual decision using given input or output data attributes, ANFIS can construct mapping based on both human knowledge and hybrid learning algorithms. This study involves study of ANFIS strategy ANFIS strategy is employed to model nonlinear functions, to control one of the most important parameters of the induction machine and predict a chaotic time series, all yielding more effective, faster response or settling times.

Effective Analysis of Lung Infection using Fuzzy Rules

Sharad Kumar Tiwari,Navneet Walia,Harsukhpreet Singh,Anurag Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.7 No.6

Soft Computing is a consortium of methodologies which works synergistically and provides an ability to make decision from reliable data or expert’s experience. Nowadays different types of soft computing techniques such as neural network, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm and hybrid system are largely used in medical areas. In this paper, algorithm for analysis of lung infection is presented. The main focus is to develop system architecture to find probable disease stage patient may have. Severity level of disease is determined by using rule base method. The algorithm uses output of Rulebase and entered by user to determine level of infection.

Primary pyomyositis in North India: a clinical, microbiological, and outcome study

( Susheel Kumar ),( Ashish Bhalla ),( Rajveer Singh ),( Navneet Sharma ),( Aman Sharma ),( Vikas Gautam ),( Surjit Singh ),( Subhash Varma ) 대한내과학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.33 No.2

Background/Aims: Pyomyositis is an infective condition with primary involvement of the skeletal muscles. There is sparse recent literature on patients with pyomyositis. Methods: This study was carried out at emergency services of a tertiary care center located in subtropical area of Indian subcontinent. Results: Sixty-two patients of primary pyomyositis formed the study cohort. Mean age of occurrence was 29.9 ± 14.8 years. There were 54 men. Twelve patients had underlying medical diseases. Muscle pain was seen in all 62 patients. Forty-eight patients (77.4%) had the fever. Most common site of involvement was thigh muscles (n = 29, 46.8%). Forty-nine patients (79%) presented in the suppurative stage of illness. Patients with comorbidities were older (age: median 36 years [interquartile range (IQR), 25 to 47] vs. 24 years [IQR, 16 to 35], p = 0.024), had higher culture positivity with gram-negative organisms (8/9 [88.89%] vs. 6/29 [20.69%], p = 0.001). Importantly, higher number of these patients received inappropriate antibiotics initially. Patients with positive pus culture result had higher complication rate (32/38 [84.21%] vs. 10/18 [55.56%], p = 0.044). Six patients (9.7%) had in-hospital mortality. Lower first-day serum albumin, initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy, and advanced form of the disease at presentation were associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Primary pyomyositis is not an uncommon disease entity. Patients with comorbidities were more likely to receive initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy. Patients with positive pus culture report had the higher rate of complications. Lower first-day serum albumin, initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy and advanced form of the disease at presentation were associated with increased in-hospital mortality.

Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZrO2 Thin Films

Davinder Kumar,Avtar Singh,Navneet Kaur,Apoorva Katoch,Raminder Kaur 한국재료학회 2022 한국재료학회지 Vol.32 No.5

Transparent thin films of pure and nickel-doped ZrO2 are grown successfully by sol-gel dip-coating technique. The structural and optical properties according to the different annealing temperatures (300 oC, 400 oC and 500 oC) are investigated. Analysis of crystallographic properties through X-ray diffraction pattern reveals an increase in crystallite size due to increase in crystallinity with temperature. All fabricated thin films are highly-oriented along (101) planes, which enhances the increase in nickel doping. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are employed to confirm the homogeneity in surface morphology as well as the doping configuration of films. The extinction coefficient is found to be on the order of 102, showing the surface smoothness of deposited thin films. UV-visible spectroscopy reveals a decrease in the optical band gap with the increase in annealing temperature due to the increase in crystallite size. The variation in Urbach energy and defect density with doping and the change in annealing temperature are also studied.

Extreme Wind Climate Modeling of Some Locations in India for the Specification of the Design Wind Speed of Structures

Arnab Sarkar,Navneet Kumar,Debojyoti Mitra 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.18 No.5

The wind load on a structure is proportional to the square of the wind speed. Extreme wind climate modeling should be requiredfor specifying the design wind speed of structures. Extreme wind speeds for a storm type should be fitted in a suitable probabilitydistribution, from which the design wind speed can be specified for a particular service life of a structure. The methodology, used inIndia for the specification of the design wind speed of existing structures, is fairly old and should be updated. Extreme wind climatein India is mainly influenced by thunderstorms and cyclones. Because thunderstorms and cyclones occur due to different geophysicalreasons, it is necessary to fit extreme events of these two storm types in separate probability distributions, which can be subsequentlycombined to determine the overall non-exceedance probability. For a thunderstorm analysis, the wind speed data for three stationswere considered, namely Kolkata, Lucknow and New Delhi. However, the statistical analysis greatly suffered due to the lowensemble size in Lucknow. Moreover, cyclones very rarely occur; as a result, cyclone modeling for the Bay of Bengal (total eastcoast) was initially considered to obtain a sufficient ensemble size. This paper provides a strategy to determine the specification of thedesign wind speed of structures at a particular location, which is affected by both thunderstorms and cyclones. The motivation of thiswork is to improve the current design methodology as well as the national code of standards to make engineering structures in Indialess vulnerable to damage due to strong winds.

Comparison of Intraoperative Low-Dose Ketodex and Fentanyl Infusion for Postoperative Analgesia In Spine Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study

Thappa Priya,Singh Nidhi,Luthra Ankur,Deshpande Pruthviraj,Chauhan Rajeev,Meena Shyam Charan,Kumar Vishal,Singla Navneet 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.5

Study Design: Prospective randomized double-blind study.Purpose: To assess the analgesic effects of the combination of a low-dose ketamine and dexmedetomidine (ketodex) infusion and compare it with that of fentanyl for postoperative analgesia after spine surgeries.Overview of Literature: Adequate pain management following spine surgeries is crucial. Approximately 57% of patients experience inadequate pain control in the first 24 hours following elective spine surgery, which is attributable to the extensive soft tissue and muscle damage.Methods: The study included 60 patients graded American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II and scheduled for thoracolumbar spine surgery involving >3 vertebral levels. The patients were divided into two groups: group KD (ketodex) and group F (fentanyl). The primary objective was to compare the postoperative analgesic requirements among the groups. The secondary objectives included a comparison of the intraoperative anesthetic requirements, postoperative pain scores, hemodynamic parameters, side effects of the study drugs, and the duration of post-anesthesia care unit stay of both the groups.Results: Ketodex use prolonged the mean time to first rescue analgesia (22.00±2.30 hours vs. 11.69±3.02 hours, <i>p</i> <0.001) and reduced the requirement of rescue analgesics in the first 24 hours postoperatively compared to fentanyl use (70.00±8.16 μg vs. 113.31±36.65 μg, <i>p</i> =0.03). The intraoperative requirement of desflurane was comparable between the groups (<i>p</i> >0.05). The postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the group KD than in group F at most timepoints (<i>p</i> <0.05). Patients in group KD had a shorter post-anesthesia care unit stay than group F did (<i>p</i> <0.001).Conclusions: Low-dose ketodex could be a safe substitute for fentanyl infusion when employed as an anesthetic adjuvant for patients undergoing thoracolumbar spine surgeries involving >3 vertebral levels to achieve prolonged analgesia without any opioidrelated side effects.