Right sided double inferior vena cava with obstructed retrocaval ureter: Managed with single incision multiple port laparoscopic technique using “Santosh Postgraduate Institute tacking ureteric fixation technique”

Santosh Kumar,Shivanshu Singh,Nitin Garg 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.4

Right double inferior vena cava with obstructed retrocaval ureter is an extremely rare anomaly with only a few reported cases in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing ureteric repair by use of a single-incision laparoscopic technique. In addition, this report addresses the underlying surgical challenges of this repair and provides a brief review of the embryology of this anomaly. The “Santosh Postgraduate Institute ureteric tacking fixation technique” provides ease of end-to-end uretero-ureteric anastomosis in a single-incision laparoscopic surgery.

Chinese and Korean Scholars’ Narratives on Buddhism in ancient China and Korea

Santosh K. Gupta(Santosh K. Gupta ),Sanjay Kumar(Sanjay Kumar ) 강원한국학연구원 2022 국제한국학저널 Vol.12·13 No.-

한국의 고대 학자·승려에 의한 불교 사상의 전파는 한·중 관계 형성의 중요한 요소가 되었고, 학술 및 문화의 전달뿐만 아니라 인적교류의 접촉을 발전시키는 중요한 기점이 되었다. 따라서 인도와 동아시아 간의 교류에 있어서 중국, 한국과 인도 승려 학자들의 역할이 있었다. 본고는 불교사상의 도리와 그의 확장 및 진전 속의 서사를 해명하며 실크로드 불교의 중요성과 동화 과정에서 중국과 한국 학문을 살펴본다. 특히, 불교 사상적 교류의 차원에서 중국과 한국 학자들의 제시된 서사적 관점을 고찰하려고 한다. Chinese and Korean scholar monks played significant role in reshaping Buddhist linkages between East Asian countries, particularly China and Korea. Transmission of Buddhist thought and culture developed scholarly people to people contact between China, Korea and neighboring states or confederacy which were more complex than today. This paper studies the narratives of Buddhist teachings, its expansion in Silk-road and narratives of Chinese and Korean Buddhist as an intermediary for assimilation of philosophical thoughts. The paper also focuses on the role of monks and scholars in forging cultural discourse of India with East Asia.

Comparative Efficacy of Tamsulosin Versus Tamsulosin With Tadalafil in Combination With Prednisolone for the Medical Expulsive Therapy of Lower Ureteric Stones: A Randomized Trial

Santosh Kumar,Kumar Jayant,Swati Agrawal,Shrawan Kumar Singh 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.3

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of tamsulosin and tamsulosin with thephosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor tadalafil in combination with prednisolone as medicalexpulsive therapies for lower ureteric stones. Materials and Methods: Between July 2011 and December 2012, 62 adult patients presentingwith distal ureteric stones sized 5 to 10 mm were randomized equally to treatmentwith tamsulosin (group A) or tamsulosin with tadalafil (group B). Therapy wasgiven for a maximum of 6 weeks. In addition, patients in groups A and B were given5-mg prednisolone once daily (maximum 1 week). The stone expulsion rate, time tostone expulsion, analgesic use, number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopictreatment, and adverse effects of the drugs were noted. Statistical analyses weredone by using Student t-test and chi-square test. Results: There was a higher expulsion rate (83.9% in group B and 74.2% in group A)and a lower time to expulsion in both treatment groups than in historical controls usedin earlier studies. However, these results were not statistically significant (p=0.349,p=0.074, respectively). Statistically significant differences were noted in hospitalizationfor colic and analgesic requirement, which were less in group B than in groupA. There were no serious adverse events. Another important finding was improvementin erectile function in group B. Conclusions: Medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones using tamsulosin andtadalafil with prednisolone is safe and efficacious. Also, the prescription of tadalafilin cases of erectile dysfunction with the development of lower ureteric stones may provideadditional advantages.

Robot-assisted "Santosh-Post Graduate Institute tubularized flap pyelovesicostomy" in a solitary functioning kidney with giant hydronephrosis: A minimally invasive salvage procedure

Santosh Kumar,Shivanshu Singh,Navneet Kumar 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.2

We describe a case of a solitary functioning kidney with giant hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a young girl who underwent successful robot-assisted tubularized flap pyelovesicostomy. The aim of this report was to highlight the feasibility and efficacy of this technique in salvaging such renal moieties and to present a brief review of the surgical options available for the management of giant hydronephrosis.

Physiological Mechanism and Nutrient Management Strategies for Flood Tolerance in Rice Grown in Lowland Flood Prone Ecosystem

Sharad Kumar Dwivedi,Santosh Kumar,Narayan Bhakta,Ashish Kumar Srivastava,Janki Sharan Mishra,Virendar Kumar,B H Kumara,Bhagwati Prasad Bhatt,Sudhanshu Singh 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4

In flood-prone areas, rice must have flood tolerance characteristics either through genotypic selections or by nutrient application management strategies. The current study was conducted at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna during the wet season to investigate the effect of post-flood nutrient application methods on submerged rice survival and productivity. Our study showed that the 3-d submergence duration had no effect on the survival (100%) of 21-day-old seedlings but survival percentage decreased to 97 and 65% at 7-d and 11-d submergence, respectively. Total chlorophyll, total soluble sugar, and starch concentrations also exhibited a similar pattern of decline. The activity of anti-oxidative defense enzymes (CAT, POX, SOD, and APX), recorded just after de-submergence was found to be 1.5-10-foldhigher than before submergence, increasing with the increase in the severity of stress. Additional post-flood application of K2O and N at 5-6 days after de-submergence led to the improvement in photosynthetic rate, yield attributes, and grain yield. An additional 10 kg each of N and K2O produced maximum 1000-grain weight and higher grain yield and harvest index. After submergence, the meta-analysis exhibited a significant reduction in total chlorophyll concentration due to increasing submergence duration, whereas the significantly higher activity of antioxidants was recorded irrespective of submergence duration. In association with the better anti-oxidative defense mechanism of Sub1 varieties, the additional doses of N and K2O at 5-d after de-submergence significantly enhanced the survival, post-flood recovery, and the rate of photosynthesis after de-submergence. These nutrient management options can provide an opportunity to explore the productivity potential of the SUB1-introgressed variety under natural flash-flood conditions, helping to cope with the existing problems in flood-prone areas. The findings of the study suggest that a proper time and method of N application with basal P can significantly contribute to higher rice yield in flash-flood prone areas.

Facile one-pot synthesis of linear and radial block copolymers of styrene and isoprene through a novel coupling agent by living anionic polymerization

Kumar, Santosh,Shah, Priyank N.,Kang, Beom-Goo,Min, Joon-Keun,Hwang, Woon Sung,Sung, Ik Kyung,Shah, Shailesh R.,Murthy, Chivukula N.,Ahn, Seonyoung,Chang, Taihyun,Lee, Jae-Suk Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.48 No.12

<P>A new methodology is successfully used for the concurrent synthesis of three different copolymers; diblock, triblock, and three-armed star-block copolymers of styrene and isoprene via the living anionic polymerization with control over the molecular weight and weight fractions of each block. The room temperature polymerization process has resulted in the well defined linear and radial block copolymers, when the living di-block of poly(styrene-b-isoprene) was coupled using cheap and readily available malonyl chloride as a novel coupling agent giving nearly 100% yield. The resulting block copolymers have narrow polydispersity index (PDI = 1.01–1.09) with a good agreement between the calculated and the observed molecular weights. The results are further supported by fractionation of the block copolymers by reversed-phase temperature gradient interaction chromatography (RP-TGIC) technique followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2636–2641, 2010</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The three different block copolymers, di-, tri-, and three-armed star-block of styrene and isoprene were synthesized with a control in terms of their molecular weight and weight fractions through a new methodology using living anionic polymerization. Because of the abstraction of hydrogen from the active methylene group of MC by the living diblock, a new tri-functional coupling agent (MC-1) is generated in situ, and this coupling agent allows the formation of star-block copolymer as well. <img src='wiley_img_2010/0887624X-2010-48-12-POLA24044-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/0887624X-2010-48-12-POLA24044-gra001'> </P>

Efficacy of Holmium Laser Urethrotomy in Combination with Intralesional Triamcinolone in the Treatment of Anterior Urethral Stricture

Santosh Kumar,Ankur Kapoor,Raguram Ganesamoni,Bhuvanesh Nanjappa,Varun Sharma,Uttam K Mete 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.9

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of visual internal urethrotomy with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser along with intralesional triamcinolone injection. Materials and Methods: Patients with an anterior urethral stricture less than 3 cm in length were evaluated by clinical history, physical examination, uroflowmetry, and retrograde urethrogram preoperatively. All patients were treated with holmium laser urethrotomy and intralesional triamcinolone (80 mg) injection under general or regional anesthesia. An 18 F urethral catheter was placed for 5 days. All patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively by history, uroflowmetry, and if required, retrograde urethrogram or urethroscopy every 3 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.9 years (range, 14 to 70 years). The overall recurrence rate was 24%. The success rate in patients with strictures less than 1 cm in length was 95.8%, whereas that in patients with strictures of 1 to 3 cm in length was 57.7% (p=0.002). The outcome did not depend on age, duration of symptoms, etiology, or location of stricture. Conclusions: Holmium laser urethrotomy with intralesional triamcinolone is a safe and effective minimally invasive therapeutic modality for urethral strictures. This procedure has an encouraging success rate, especially in those with stricture segments of less than 1 cm in length. Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of visual internal urethrotomy with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser along with intralesional triamcinolone injection. Materials and Methods: Patients with an anterior urethral stricture less than 3 cm in length were evaluated by clinical history, physical examination, uroflowmetry, and retrograde urethrogram preoperatively. All patients were treated with holmium laser urethrotomy and intralesional triamcinolone (80 mg) injection under general or regional anesthesia. An 18 F urethral catheter was placed for 5 days. All patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively by history, uroflowmetry, and if required, retrograde urethrogram or urethroscopy every 3 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.9 years (range, 14 to 70 years). The overall recurrence rate was 24%. The success rate in patients with strictures less than 1 cm in length was 95.8%, whereas that in patients with strictures of 1 to 3 cm in length was 57.7% (p=0.002). The outcome did not depend on age, duration of symptoms, etiology, or location of stricture. Conclusions: Holmium laser urethrotomy with intralesional triamcinolone is a safe and effective minimally invasive therapeutic modality for urethral strictures. This procedure has an encouraging success rate, especially in those with stricture segments of less than 1 cm in length.

Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Naftopidil and Tamsulosin as Medical Expulsive Therapy in Combination With Prednisolone for Distal Ureteral Stones

Santosh Kumar,Kailash Chand Kurdia,Raguram Ganesamoni,Shrawan Kumar Singh,Bhuvanesh Nanjappa 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.5

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of naftopidil and tamsulosin with prednisolone as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones. Materials and Methods: Between July 2010 and March 2012, 120 adult patients presenting with distal ureteric stones of size 5 to 10 mm were randomized equally to tamsulosin (group A), naftopidil (group B) or watchful waiting (group C). Tamsulosin or naftopidil was given for a maximum of four weeks. In addition patients in group A and B were given 5 mg prednisolone once daily (maximum one week). Stone expulsion rate,time to stone expulsion, analgesic use, number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment and adverse effects of drugs were noted. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance. Results: There was a statistically higher expulsion rate in groups A (70%) and B (87.5%)as compared to group C (32.5%) (p<0.001). The expulsion rates were not statistically different between groups A and B (p=0.056). The mean time to expulsion was comparable between groups A and B but longer in group C. Analgesic use was significantly lower in groups A and B. Average number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment was similar in all groups. There was no serious adverse event. Conclusions: Medical expulsive therapy for the distal ureteric stones using either naftopidil or tamsulosin in combination with prednisolone is safe and efficacious.

Comparative Evaluation of Periprostatic Nerve Block with and without Intraprostatic Nerve Block in Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostatic Needle Biopsy

Santosh Kumar Singh,Ashok Kumar,Mahavir Singh Griwan,Jyotsna Sen 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.8

Purpose: Controversy exists over the pain during prostate biopsy. Periprostatic nerve block is a commonly used anaesthetic technique during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. The recent trend toward increasing the number of cores has become popular. This practice further increases the need for a proper anaesthetic application. We compared the efficacy of periprostatic nerve block with or without intraprostatic nerve block. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective double-blinded placebo-controlled study at our institute with 142 consecutive patients. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group 1 received periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block with 1% lignocaine. Group 2 patients were administered periprostatic nerve block only with 1% lignocaine. Group 3 received no anaesthesia. Patients were asked to grade their level of pain by using an 11-point linear analogue scale at the time of ultrasound probe insertion, at the time of anaesthesia, during biopsy, and 30 minutes after biopsy. Results: The study groups were comparable in demographic profile, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prostate size. The mean pain scores at the time of biopsy in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 2.70, 3.39, and 4.16, respectively. Group 1 recorded the minimum mean pain score of 2.70 during prostate biopsy, which was significantly lower than the scores of groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in pain scores among the 3 groups during probe insertion, during anaesthesia, or at 30 minutes after biopsy (p>0.05). Conclusions: Periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block provides better pain control than does periprostatic nerve block alone in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. Purpose: Controversy exists over the pain during prostate biopsy. Periprostatic nerve block is a commonly used anaesthetic technique during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. The recent trend toward increasing the number of cores has become popular. This practice further increases the need for a proper anaesthetic application. We compared the efficacy of periprostatic nerve block with or without intraprostatic nerve block. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective double-blinded placebo-controlled study at our institute with 142 consecutive patients. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group 1 received periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block with 1% lignocaine. Group 2 patients were administered periprostatic nerve block only with 1% lignocaine. Group 3 received no anaesthesia. Patients were asked to grade their level of pain by using an 11-point linear analogue scale at the time of ultrasound probe insertion, at the time of anaesthesia, during biopsy, and 30 minutes after biopsy. Results: The study groups were comparable in demographic profile, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prostate size. The mean pain scores at the time of biopsy in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 2.70, 3.39, and 4.16, respectively. Group 1 recorded the minimum mean pain score of 2.70 during prostate biopsy, which was significantly lower than the scores of groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in pain scores among the 3 groups during probe insertion, during anaesthesia, or at 30 minutes after biopsy (p>0.05). Conclusions: Periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block provides better pain control than does periprostatic nerve block alone in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.

Robot-assisted heminephrectomy for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in L-shaped fused crossed ectopia: Surgical challenge

Santosh Kumar,Shivanshu Singh,Siddharth Jain,Girdhar Singh Bora,Shrawan Kumar Singh 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.10

Renal cell carcinoma associated with fused ectopic kidneys has rarely been reported in the literature. Here we report the first case of robot-assisted heminephrectomy for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in an L-shaped fused ectopic kidney. The present case report highlights the importance of three-dimensional vision and enhanced maneuverability with the EndoWrist technology of the robotic surgical system for precise dissection. This report also highlights the importance of preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography with three-dimensional arterial reconstruction for surgical planning.