녹음에 의한 미기후의 변화가 쾌적성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 피부면 열지수로부터 본 녹음내외의 쾌적성의 해석 VIEW FROM THE LATENT HEAT_FLUX OF HUMAN'S BODY

서주환,김도경,中山敬一,변성진,이상훈 韓國植物·人間·環境學會 1998 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.1 No.2

This study was to examine the latent heat flux of human's body to verify the microclimate of the tree shade and the amenity of that, estimating the microclimate of inside and outside of Diospyros Kaki Thunb during summer like a high temperature. The place where this study was examined was the Faculty of Horiculture, Chiba University in Japan. As the results, the factor of climate which was appeared with a wide difference was the solar radiation and the temperature of ground surface. On the contrary, the difference of the air-temperature and the humidity was not appeared greatly. And then, the surface heat flux of arm which showed the amenity from the inside and the outside of tree shade had lots of outgoing degree inside of tree shade, on the contrary, lots of incoming degree from the outside of tree shade.

Photochemical Activation of Ruthenium(II)–Pyridylamine Complexes Having a Pyridine-<i>N</i>-Oxide Pendant toward Oxygenation of Organic Substrates

Kojima, Takahiko,Nakayama, Kazuya,Sakaguchi, Miyuki,Ogura, Takashi,Ohkubo, Kei,Fukuzumi, Shunichi American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.133 No.44

<P>Ruthenium(II)–acetonitrile complexes having η<SUP>3</SUP>-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) with an uncoordinated pyridine ring and diimine such as 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpm), [Ru<SUP>II</SUP>(η<SUP>3</SUP>-TPA)(diimine)(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)]<SUP>2+</SUP>, reacted with <I>m</I>-chloroperbenzoic acid to afford corresponding Ru(II)–acetonitrile complexes having an uncoordinated pyridine-<I>N</I>-oxide arm, [Ru<SUP>II</SUP>(η<SUP>3</SUP>-TPA-O)(diimine)(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)]<SUP>2+</SUP>, with retention of the coordination environment. Photoirradiation of the acetonitrile complexes having diimine and the η<SUP>3</SUP>-TPA with the uncoordinated pyridine-<I>N</I>-oxide arm afforded a mixture of [Ru<SUP>II</SUP>(TPA)(diimine)]<SUP>2+</SUP>, intermediate-spin (<I>S</I> = 1) Ru(IV)–oxo complex with uncoordinated pyridine arm, and intermediate-spin Ru(IV)–oxo complex with uncoordinated pyridine-<I>N</I>-oxide arm. A Ru(II) complex bearing an oxygen-bound pyridine-<I>N</I>-oxide as a ligand and bpm as a diimine ligand was also obtained, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Femtosecond laser flash photolysis of the isolated <I>O</I>-coordinated Ru(II)–pyridine-<I>N</I>-oxide complex has been investigated to reveal the photodynamics. The Ru(IV)–oxo complex with an uncoordinated pyridine moiety was alternatively prepared by reaction of the corresponding acetonitrile complex with 2,6-dichloropyridine-<I>N</I>-oxide (Cl<SUB>2</SUB>py-O) to identify the Ru(IV)–oxo species. The formation of Ru(IV)–oxo complexes was concluded to proceed via intermolecular oxygen atom transfer from the uncoordinated pyridine-<I>N</I>-oxide to a Ru(II) center on the basis of the results of the reaction with Cl<SUB>2</SUB>py-O and the concentration dependence of the consumption of the starting Ru(II) complexes having the uncoordinated pyridine-<I>N</I>-oxide moiety. Oxygenation reactions of organic substrates by [Ru<SUP>II</SUP>(η<SUP>3</SUP>-TPA-O)(diimine)(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)]<SUP>2+</SUP> were examined under irradiation (at 420 ± 5 nm) and showed selective allylic oxygenation of cyclohexene to give cyclohexen-1-ol and cyclohexen-1-one and cumene oxygenation to afford cumyl alcohol and acetophenone.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2011/jacsat.2011.133.issue-44/ja207572z/production/images/medium/ja-2011-07572z_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja207572z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja207572z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja207572z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja207572z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Cellulose is not degraded in the tunic of the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi contracting soft tunic syndrome.

Kimura, Satoshi,Nakayama, Kei,Wada, Masahisa,Kim, Ung-Jin,Azumi, Kaoru,Ojima, Takao,Nozawa, Akino,Kitamura, Shin-Ichi,Hirose, Euichi Inter-Research 2015 Diseases of aquatic organisms Vol.116 No.2

<P>Soft tunic syndrome is a fatal disease in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi, causing serious damage to ascidian aquaculture in Korea and Japan. In diseased individuals, the tunic, an integumentary extracellular matrix of ascidians, softens and eventually tears. This is an infectious disease caused by the kinetoplastid flagellate Azumiobodo hoyamushi. However, the mechanism of tunic softening remains unknown. Because cellulose fibrils are the main component of the tunic, we compared the contents and structures of cellulose in healthy and diseased tunics by means of biochemical quantification and X-ray diffractometry. Unexpectedly, the cellulose contents and structures of cellulose microfibrils were almost the same regardless of the presence or absence of the disease. Therefore, it is unlikely that thinning of the microfibrils occurred in the softened tunic, because digestion should have resulted in decreases in crystallinity index and crystallite size. Moreover, cellulase was not detected in pure cultures of A. hoyamushi in biochemical and expressed sequence tag analyses. These results indicate that cellulose degradation does not occur in the softened tunic.</P>

Blood vessel remodeling in the cerebral cortex induced by binge alcohol intake in mice

Hasegawa Hiroshi,Tanaka Toshiya,Kondo Mari,Teramoto Koji,Nakayama Kei,Hwang Gi-Wook 한국독성학회 2023 Toxicological Research Vol.39 No.1

Ethanol is toxic to the brain and causes various neurological disorders. Although ethanol can directly exert toxicity on neurons, it also acts on other cell types in the central nervous system. Blood vessel endothelial cells interact with, and are affected by blood ethanol. However, the effects of ethanol on the vascular structures of the brain have not been well documented. In this study, we examined the effects of binge levels of ethanol on brain vasculature. Immunostaining analysis indicated structural alterations of blood vessels in the cerebral cortex, which became more tortuous than those in the control mice after ethanol administration. The interaction between the blood vessels and astrocytes decreased, especially in the upper layers of the cerebral cortex. Messenger RNA expression analysis revealed a unique downregulation of Vegfa mRNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A among VEGF, angiopoietin, endothelin family angiogenic and blood vessel remodeling factors. The expression of three proteoglycan core proteins, glypican-5, neurocan, and serglycin, was also altered after ethanol administration. Thus, binge levels of ethanol affect the expression of VEGF-A and blood vessel-supporting proteoglycans, resulting in changes in the vascular structure of the cerebral cortex.

Analysis of genes encoding high-antigenicity polypeptides in three serotypes of <i>Miamiensis avidus</i>

Motokawa, Shogo,Narasaki, Yukie,Song, Jun-Young,Yokoyama, Yoshihiro,Hirose, Euichi,Murakami, Shoko,Jung, Sung-Ju,Oh, Myung-Joo,Nakayama, Kei,Kitamura, Shin-Ichi Elsevier 2018 Parasitology international Vol.67 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The ciliate <I>Miamiensis avidus</I> causes scuticociliatosis in Japanese flounder <I>Paralichthys olivaceus</I>. We previously reported three serotypes of this ciliate distinguishable by serotype-specific antigenic polypeptides (serotype I, 30kDa; serotype II, 38kDa; serotype III, 34kDa). In this study, we determined the localization site of the serotype-specific polypeptides in the ciliate and determined the genes encoding the polypeptides, using the isolates IyoI (serotype I), Nakajima (serotype II), and Mie0301 (serotype III). SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis of cilia, membrane proteins, and cytoskeletal elements of the ciliates revealed that the polypeptides were abundant in the former two. Scanning electron microscopy of ciliates immobilized by homologous antiserum showed morphological changes in the cilia. These evidences suggested that the polypeptides were ciliary membrane immobilization antigens. The ciliary genes identified showed low identity scores—<51.5% between serotypes. To differentiate the serotypes, we designed serotype-specific PCR primer sets based on the DNA sequences. The PCR-based serotyping results were completely consistent with conventional serotyping methods (immobilization assay and immunoblot analysis). Twenty of 21 isolates were classified as either serotype I or II, and one isolate was undistinguishable. The combination of species-specific PCR previously reported and three serotype-specific PCR could be useful for identifying, serotyping, and surveillance for occurrences of new serotypes of <I>M. avidus</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Three serotypes of <I>M. avidus</I> were reported in Japan and Korea. </LI> <LI> Serotype-specific polypeptides were identified as ciliary membrane proteins. </LI> <LI> The nucleotide sequences of ORFs were determined. </LI> <LI> Serotype-specific PCR revealed that the pandemic serotypes were serotype I and II. </LI> </UL> </P>