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Optical Technique to Measure Five-Degree-of-Freedom Error Motions for a High-Speed Microspindle
Hiroshi Murakami1,Norio Kawagoishi,Eiji Kondo,Akira Kodama 한국정밀공학회 2010 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
We present an optical technique to measure five-degree-of-freedom error motions of a high-speed microspindle. The measurement system consists of a rod lens, a ball lens, four divided laser beams, and multiple divided photodiodes. When the spindle rotates with its concomitant rotation errors, the rod and ball lenses, which are mounted to the chuck of the spindle, are displaced, and this displacement is measured using an optical technique. For this study, we decide the design parameters of the optical system using ray tracing, fabricate a prototype of the measurement system, and evaluate it experimentally. The results show that the measurement system has a resolution of 5 nm and can be used to evaluate high-speed microspindle rotation errors.
A Role of Nuclear Factors for Mitochondrial Biogenesis by Exercise in Skeletal Muscle
Murakami, Taro 한국운동영양학회 2004 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.8 No.2
Enhancement of oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle is one of a major adaptation to endurance exercise training. This adaptation in skeletal muscle is completely dependent on the mitochondrial biogenesis. If the adaptation is integral (or additive) effects of each exercise bout, "exercise signal" should be transferred to nuclei as a signal of "mitochondrial biogenesis". Recent advance of the study demonstrated that some nuclear factors constitute the signaling pathway for mitochondrial biogenesis. These factors involve nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), nuclear respiratory factor-2 (NRF-2), mitochondria] transcriptional factor A (mtTFA or Tfam), and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) γ coactivator-la (PGC-lα). Especially, PGC-1α is believed to be a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. This review will focus on the regulation of these nuclear factors by exercise for mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle.
Photosynthetic Performances of Temperate Sargassum and Kelp Species Growing in the Same Habitat
Murakami, Hiroshige,Serisawa, Yukihiko,Kurashima, Akira,Yokohama, Yasutsugu The Korean Society of Phycology 2004 ALGAE Vol.19 No.3
Characteristics of photosynthesis-light and photosynthesis-temperature relationships were seasonally compared among 4 species, two temperate Sargassurn (S. ringgoldianum and S. spathulophyllum) and two temperate kelp (Ecklonia cava and Eisenia bicyclis), growing in the same habitat in Oura Bay, Shimoda, central Japan. The photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) curve of each species at the in situ temperature and the photosynthesis-temperature (P-T) curve at near saturation irradiance (400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)) were determined by using differential gas-volumeters. Maximum photosynthetic rates (Prnax) for P-I curves of the two Sargassurn species were higher from summer to autumn than from winter to spring, while those of the two kelp species showed little difference among seasons. Net photosynthetic rates (Pn) at 100-400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) of the Sargassurn species were higher than those of the kelp species in autumn, spring and summer, while in winter the rates were about the same between the Sargassurn and kelp species. Among seasons, the light saturation index (1k) values, dark respiration rates and light compensation points of Sargassurn species differed more than those of kelp species. Optimum temperature for P-T curves of Sargassurn species was 29℃ and that of kelp species was 27℃ in summer, while in winter the former was 27℃ and the latter was 25℃. Pn at 400 μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) at 10-33℃ of Sargassurn species were considerably higher than those of kelp species from spring to summer, while from autumn to winter the rates at 5-27℃ were about the same between the two. At supra-optimum temperatures, Pn of kelp species decreased more sharply than those of Sargassurn species in each season. These facts indicate that the two temperate Sargassurn species have a higher potential photosynthetic performance under warmer conditions than the two temperate kelp species even though they grow in the same habitat.
Effects of Functional Oils on Coccidiosis and Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Broiler Chickens
Murakami, A.E.,Eyng, C.,Torrent, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.7
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of a mixture of functional oils (Essential, Oligo Basics Agroind. Ltda) on performance response of chickens challenged with coccidiosis and the determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), the coefficients of protein and ether extract digestibility and intestinal morphology of broilers fed with diets containing Essential. In Exp. 1, a completely randomized design (CRD) was used, with one control diet without Essential inclusion with coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella) challenged birds and two different inclusion rates of Essential (1.5 kg/ton and 2 kg/ton) with coccidiosis-challenged and non-challenged birds for each inclusion rate, using 10 replicates and 50 birds per experimental unit. After 7 d of coccidiosis challenge, the livability was approximately 10% lower (p<0.05) for the control group. Intestinal lesion scores were lower (p<0.05) in the anterior intestine and the cecum for the chickens supplemented. Feed efficiency and growth rate were improved in birds supplemented with Essential (p<0.05) before the coccidiosis challenge and during the first 7 d post infection. In Exp. 2, a CRD was used, with one control diet without Essential inclusion and one diet with inclusion of Essential (1.5 kg/ton), using nine replications and 33 chicks per pen. The diets with Essential yielded approximately 4% higher AME (p = 0.003) and $AME_n$ (p = 0.001). Essential supplementation increased villus height in the jejunum on d 14 (p<0.05). Villus height:crypt depth ratio for the supplemented birds was larger (p<0.05) in the jejunum on d 7, larger (p<0.05) in the jejunum and ileum on d 14. In conclusion, these functional oils improved the energy utilization and the livability and decreased lesions caused by coccidiosis in supplemented birds.
Development of New SCADA System for 500kV Substations
Murakami, Juri,Kimoto, Hirofumi,Ono, Manabu,Kasahara, Kuniyoshi,Hayasaka, Yasushi,Ueno, Yasuhide 대한전기학회 2013 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.3 No.1
We developed a new SCADA system for 500-kV substations. To apply existing LAN-based SCADA system for unmanned 275-kV or 77-kV substations, we had to develop three functions. Firstly, the new SCADA system enables that 500-kV substation is supervised and controlled from multiple operating sites. Secondly, the database of the new SCADA system can be downloaded the maintenance data from the SCADA system for 500-kV control center via an IP network. Finally, the new SCADA system has supervisory control capability for manned 500-kV substations. In this paper, we describe these functional over view of the new SCADA system. Currently, 500-kV substations are manned substations. And these substations are supervised and controlled by human operators on sites. Using the new SCADA system, 500-kV substations will be realized remote supervisory control from the 500-kV control center a few years later. Therefore, manned 500-kV substations will convert into unmanned substations.
Near Net Shape Processing of RE-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Superconductors
Murakami M.,Fujishiro M.,Miyazaki T.,Nariki S.,Sakai N.,Hirabayashi I. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
Several practical applications of melt-textured bulk superconductors require the complex-shaped products such as curved, ring-shaped, and drilled blocks rather than simple shaped pellets. However, melt-textured bulk superconductors are often damaged when they are cut, grinded, or drilled. With the aim of reducing such damages, we have investigated the preparation of the complex-shaped bulk superconductors by previously machining binder-added precursors and pre-sintered precursors. We could produce various complex-shaped bulk superconductors without cracking from these machined precursors