Quantification of Rice Sheath Blight Progression Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Mukhamad Su’udi,박종미,강우리,황덕주,김순옥,안일평 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3

Rhizoctonia solani has a wide host range, including almost all cultivated crops and its subgroup anastomosis group (AG)-1 IA causes sheath blight in rice. An accurate measurement of pathogen’s biomass is a convincing tool for enumeration of this disease. Mycological characteristics and molecular diagnosis simultaneously supported that all six strains in this study were R. solani AG-1 IA. Heterokaryons between strains Rs40104, Rs40105, and Rs45811 were stable and viable, whereas Rs40103 and Rs40106 did not form viable fused cells, except for the combination of Rs40106 and Rs40104. A primer pair was highly specific to RsAROM gene of R. solani strains and the amplified fragment exists as double copies within fungal genome. The relationship between crossing point (CP) values and the amount of fungal DNA was reliable (R2>0.99). Based on these results, we determined R. solani’s proliferation within infected stems through real time PCR using a primer pair and a Taqman probe specific to the RsAROM gene. The amount of fungal DNA within the 250 ng of tissue DNA from rice cv. Dongjin infected with Rs40104, Rs40105, and Rs45811 were 7.436, 5.830, and 5.085 ng, respectively. In contrast, the fungal DNAs within the stems inoculated with Rs40103 and Rs40106 were 0.091 and 0.842 ng. The sheath blight symptom progression approximately coincided with the amount of fungal DNA within the symptoms. In summary, our quantitative evaluation method provided reliable and objective results reflecting the amount of fungal biomass within the infected tissues and would be useful for evaluation of resistance germplasm or fungicides and estimation of inoculum potential.

Arabidopsis cell death in compatible and incompatible interactions with Alternaria brassicicola

Su’udi, Mukhamad,Kim, Min Gab,Park, Sang-Ryeol,Hwang, Duk-Ju,Bae, Shin-Chul,Ahn, Il-Pyung Springer-Verlag 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.31 No.6

Quantification of Rice Brown Leaf Spot through Taqman Real-Time PCR Specific to the Unigene Encoding Cochliobolus miyabeanus SCYTALONE DEHYDRATASE1 Involved in Fungal Melanin Biosynthesis

Mukhamad Su’udi,박종미,강우리,박상렬,황덕주,안일평 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.6

Rice brown leaf spot is a major disease in the rice paddy field. The causal agent Cochliobolus miyabeanus is an ascomycete fungus and a representative necrotrophic pathogen in the investigation of rice-microbe interactions. The aims of this research were to identify a quantitative evaluation method to determine the amount of C. miyabeanus proliferation in planta and determine the method’s sensitivity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed in combination with the primer pair and Taqman probe specific to CmSCD1, a C. miyabeanus unigene encoding SCYTALONE DEHYDRATASE, which is involved in fungal melanin biosynthesis. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of CmSCD1 from Korean strains with those from the Japanese and Taiwanese strains revealed some sequence differences. Based on the crossing point (CP) values from Taqman realtime PCR containing a series of increasing concentrations of cloned amplicon or fungal genomic DNA, linear regressions with a high level of reliability (R2>0.997) were constructed. This system was able to estimate fungal genomic DNA at the picogram level. The reliability of this equation was further confirmed using DNA samples from both resistant and susceptible cultivars infected with C. miyabeanus. In summary, our quantitative system is a powerful alternative in brown leaf spot forecasting and in the consistent evaluation of disease progression.

Rice Cell Cycle Switch genes play an essential role in overall development through regulation of mitotic cell cycle rather than endoreduplication

Mukhamad Su'udi,Dae Young Son,Jung Il Yang,Su Young An,Gyn Heung An,Young Min Woo 한국육종학회 2007 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.39 No.1

Arabidopsis Cell Death in Compatible and Incompatible Interactions with Alternaria brassicicola

Mukhamad Su’udi,김민갑,Sang-Ryeol Park,Duk-Ju Hwang,배신철,Il-Pyung Ahn 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.31 No.6

Two strains of necrotrophic Alternaria brassicicola, Ab40857 and Ab42464, are virulent on Korean cabbage and several wild types of Arabidopsis thaliana. Interaction between Ab42464 and Col-0 was compatible, whereas interaction between Ab40857 and Col-0 was incompatible. The loss of defense, no death (dnd) 1 function abrogated the compatibility between Ab42464 and Col-0, and the accelerated cell death (acd) 2 mutation attenuated the Col-0’s resistance against Ab40857. These two fungal strains induced PR1 transcription in Col-0. Ab40857 accelerated transcription of PDF1.2, THI2.1, CAT, and POX by 12 h compared to those challenged with Ab42464. More abundant cell death was observed in Col-0 infected with Ab42464, however, callose deposition was evident in the incompatible interaction. Remarkably, Ab40857-infected areas of acd2-2 underwent rampant cell death and Ab42464 triggered callose production in dnd1-1. Furthermore, the incompatibility between Ab40857 and Col-0 was nullified by the coronatine- insensitive 1 (coi1) and phytoalexin-deficient 3 (pad3) mutations but not by nonexpresser of PR genes (npr1) and pad4. Ab40857 induced abundant cell death in pad3. Taken together, cell death during the early infection stage is a key determinant that discriminates between a compatible interaction and an incompatible one, and the resistance within Col-0 against Ab40857 is dependent on a defense- signaling pathway mediated by jasmonic acid and PAD3.

Potential role of the rice OsCCS52A gene in endoreduplication.

Su'udi, Mukhamad,Cha, Joon-Yung,Jung, Min Hee,Ermawati, Netty,Han, Chang-deok,Kim, Min Gab,Woo, Young-Min,Son, Daeyoung Springer-Verlag [etc.] 2012 Planta Vol.235 No.2

<P>In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G1, S, G2 and M. In certain condition, the cells skip M-phase and undergo endoreduplication. Endoreduplication, occurring during a modified cell cycle, duplicates the entire genome without being followed by M-phase. A cycle of endoreduplication is common in most of the differentiated cells of plant vegetative tissues and it occurs extensively in cereal endosperm cells. Endoreduplication occurs when CDK/Cyclin complex low or inactive caused by ubiquitin-mediated degradation by APC and their activators. In this study, rice cell cycle switch 52 A (OsCCS52A), an APC activator, is functionally characterized using the reverse genetic approach. In rice, OsCCS52A is highly expressed in seedlings, flowers, immature panicles and 15 DAP kernels. Localization studies revealed that OsCCS52A is a nuclear protein. OsCCS52A interacts with OsCdc16 in yeast. In addition, overexpression of OsCCS52A inhibits mitotic cell division and induces endoreduplication and cell elongation in fission yeast. The homozygous mutant exhibits dwarfism and smaller seeds. Further analysis demonstrated that endoreduplication cycles in the endosperm of mutant seeds were disturbed, evidenced by reduced nuclear and cell sizes. Taken together, these results suggest that OsCCS52A is involved in maintaining normal seed size formation by mediating the exit from mitotic cell division to enter the endoreduplication cycles in rice endosperm.</P>

Broadly Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Properties of Sulforaphene Isolated from Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Seeds

Sooyeon Lim,Mukhamad Su’udi,Narea Han,Eun Jin Lee,Jongkee Kim 한국원예학회 2014 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2014 No.5

Glucosinolates Distribution during Growth and Development in Radish Plants

Sooyeon Lim,Mukhamad Su’udi,Narea Han,Eun Jin Lee,Jongkee Kim 한국원예학회 2014 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2014 No.5

Working Mechanism of Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) and Sulphiredoxin1 (Srx1) in Arabidopsis thaliana

Min Gab Kim(김민갑),Mukhamad Su’udi(수디 무하마드),Sang Ryeol Park(박상렬),Duk-Ju Hwang(황덕주),Shin Chul Bae(배신철) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.12

식물체는 대사과정의 부산물로서 또는 생물학적으로 피해를 줄 수 있는 다양한 종류의 외부 스트레스에 직면했을 활성산소(Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS)를 생산한다. 이러한 oxidative 스트레스로부터 자신들을 보호하기 위하여 식물세포들은 다양한 종류의 항산화 단백질들을 보유하고 있다. 하지만 이들의 작용기작은 여전히 자세히 밝혀지지 않았다. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) 은 식물체에 광범위하게 존재하는 thiol-을 함유한 항산화 단백질로 N-말단에 존재하는 cysteine 잔기를 이용하여 hydrogen peroxide를 환원한다. 이러한 과정에서 peroxiredoxins의 활성부위인 cysteine 잔기는 선택적으로 cysteine sulfinic acid로 산화됨으로써 peroxidase activity의 불활성화를 일으킨다. 이러한 산화과정은 비가역적으로 일어난다. 최근 발견된 진핵생물들에 잘 보존된 sulphiredoxin (Srx1)이라 불리는 단백질은 cysteine-sulphinic acid를 환원시키는 기능을 지닌다. 본 논문에서는 애기장대에 존재하는 Prxs와 Srx의 기능에 대하여 서술할 예정이다. Plants generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product of normal aerobic metabolism or when exposed to a variety of stress conditions, which can cause widespread damage to biological macromolecules. To protect themselves from oxidative stress, plant cells are equipped with a wide range of antioxidant proteins. However, the detailed reaction mechanisms of these are still unknown. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous thiol-containing antioxidants that reduce hydrogen peroxide with an N-terminal cysteine. The active-site cysteine of peroxiredoxins is selectively oxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid during catalysis, which leads to inactivation of peroxidase activity. This oxidation was thought to be irreversible. Recently identified small protein sulphiredoxin (Srx1), which is conserved in higher eukaryotes, reduces cysteine?sulphinic acid in yeast peroxiredoxin. Srx1 is highly induced by H₂O₂-treatment and the deletion of its gene causes decreased yeast tolerance to H₂O₂, which suggest its involvement in the metabolism of oxidants. Moreover, Srx1 is required for heat shock and oxidative stress induced functional, as well as conformational switch of yeast cytosolic peroxiredoxins. This change enhances protein stability and peroxidase activity, indicating that Srx1 plays a crucial role in peroxiredoxin stability and its regulation mechanism. Thus, the understanding of the molecular basis of Srx1 and its regulation is critical for revealing the mechanism of peroxiredoxin action. We postulate here that Srx1 is involved in dealing with oxidative stress via controlling peroxiredoxin recycling in Arabidopsis. This review article thus will be describing the functions of Prxs and Srx in Arabidopsis thaliana. There will be a special focus on the possible role of Srx1 in interacting with and reducing hyperoxidized Cys-sulphenic acid of Prxs.

Alteration of Fruit Quality Attributes and Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymatic Activities in Cluster Tomatoes After Combination Treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene and Modified Atmosphere Packaging During Cold Storage

변시은,Gon Ho Park,Jin Hee Lee,Hnin Phyu Lwin,Mukhamad Su’udi,김종기,이진욱 한국원예학회 2022 원예과학기술지 Vol.40 No.3

This study evaluates the combined effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of cluster-type tomato cultivars. Here, we analyze the physiological and biochemical alterations that affect fruit characteristics during cold storage, including knuckle detachment force, ethylene production rate, and cell wall-degrading enzymatic activity. The optimum concentration of 1-MCP fumigation treatment to regulate fruit ripening after harvest was 1 μL·L-1. During storage at 10°C, the fruit of the ‘Amoroso’ cultivar performed better than those of the ‘Campari’ and ‘Aranca’ cultivars in terms of ethylene production, soluble solids content (SSC), and pericarp tissue firmness. The combination treatment with 1-MCP and MAP reduced the SSC level and retained the pericarp tissue firmness and knuckle detachment force in ‘Amoroso’ fruit in cold storage. Polypropylene (PP) MAP treatment alone did not affect the response to ethylene pro- duction during cold storage as significantly as the treatment with both 1-MCP and PP MAP. However, treatment with both 1-MCP and PP MAP retained the knuckle detachment force and delayed the alteration of O2 and CO2 composition, in contrast to PP MAP treatment alone. In addition, the enzymatic activities of polygalacturonase and cellulase remained unchanged when treated with 1-MCP and PP MAP. Therefore, combined application of 1-MCP and PP MAP is highly effective for retaining fruit quality of cluster-type tomato cultivars during cold storage.