Patterns of Impaired Neurocognitive Performance on the Global Neuropsychological Assessment, and Their Brain Structural Correlates in Recent-onset and Chronic Schizophrenia

Vineeth Mohan(Vineeth Mohan ),Pravesh Parekh(Pravesh Parekh ),Ammu Lukose(Ammu Lukose ),Sydney Moirangthem(Sydney Moirangthem ),Jitender Saini(Jitender Saini ),David J. Schretlen(David J. Schretlen ) 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.2

Objective: Schizophrenia is associated with impairment in multiple cognitive domains. There is a paucity of research on the effect of prolonged illness duration (≥ 15 years) on cognitive performance along multiple domains. In this pilot study, we used the Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), a brief cognitive battery, to explore the patterns of cognitive impairment in recent-onset (≤ 2 years) compared to chronic schizophrenia (≥ 15 years), and correlate cognitive performance with brain morphometry in patients and healthy adults. Methods: We assessed cognitive performance in patients with recent-onset (n = 17, illness duration ≤ 2 years) and chronic schizophrenia (n = 14, duration ≥ 15 years), and healthy adults (n = 16) using the GNA and examined correlations between cognitive scores and gray matter volumes computed from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging images. Results: We observed cognitive deficits affecting multiple domains in the schizophrenia samples. Selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison speed was found in adults with chronic schizophrenia (p = 0.009, η2 partial = 0.25). In the full sample (n = 47), perceptual comparison speed correlated significantly with gray matter volumes in the anterior and medial temporal lobes (TFCE, FWE p < 0.01). Conclusion: Along with generalized deficit across multiple cognitive domains, selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison speed appears to characterize chronic schizophrenia. This pattern might indicate an accelerated or premature cognitive aging. Anterior-medial temporal gray matter volumes especially of the left hemisphere might underlie the impairment noted in this domain in schizophrenia.

Effect of inducible co-overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase on the specific antibody productivity of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells

Mohan, Chaya,Lee, Gyun Min Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Biotechnology and bioengineering Vol.107 No.2

<P>To enhance specific antibody (Ab) productivity (q<SUB>Ab</SUB>) of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells, post-translational limitations in the endoplasmic reticulum during antibody production should be relieved. Previously, we reported that overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which catalyzes disulfide bond exchanges and assists in protein folding of newly synthesized proteins, enhanced q<SUB>Ab</SUB> of rCHO cells by about 27% (Mohan et al., 2007, Biotechnol Bioeng 98:611–615) . Since the rate limiting step in disulfide bond formation is found to be the regeneration of oxidized PDI, the oxidation state of PDI, as well as the amount of PDI, might be important. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase (ERO1L) maintains PDI in an oxidized state so that disulfide bond formation occurs. Here, PDI and its helper protein, ERO1L were overexpressed in rCHO cells producing an Ab in an attempt to ease the bottleneck in disulfide bond formation, and hence, Ab folding and secretion. Transient expression of ERO1L alone and with PDI resulted in enhanced q<SUB>Ab</SUB> by 37% and 55%, respectively. In contrast, under stable inducible co-overexpression of PDI and ERO1L, the q<SUB>Ab</SUB> was unaffected or negatively affected by varying degrees, depending on the individual expression levels of these genes. In stable clones with altered oxidation state of PDI due to co-overexpression of PDI and ERO1L, secretion of Ab was hindered and PDI-associated retention of Ab was seen in the cells. Under transient gene expression, secretion of Ab was not compromised. The data presented here suggests a possible mechanism of PDI/ERO1L interaction with the target Ab and shows how the expression levels of these proteins could affect the q<SUB>Ab</SUB> of this Ab-producing rCHO cell line. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 337–346. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>

Quantum Sensing Research: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications during 1991-2020

Brij Mohan Gupta,Surinder Mohan Dhawan,Ghouse Modin Mamdapur 건국대학교 GLOCAL(글로컬)캠퍼스 지식콘텐츠연구소 2022 International Journal of Knowledge Content Develop Vol.12 No.3

The study presents a global research scenario in the domain of quantum sensing in quantitative and qualitative terms. The study is based on an analysis of 588 global publications in the field, sourced from the Scopus database for the period 1991-2020. The study identified key countries, organizations and authors, network collaborative linkages at national, institutional, and author level. In addition, it identified broad subject areas intersecting quantum sensing research, key journals for research communications, and broad characteristics of highly-cited papers. The study finds that the USA and Germany lead the world ranking in quantum sensing research with a combined share of 50% to the global output. The USA, Germany, and Italy are the home countries to 13 of the top 15 most productive organizations, and also the home countries to 14 of the top 15 most productive authors in the subject. The top journals publishing most research publications are Physical Review A, Physical Review Letters and New Journal of Physics. However, in the most cited journals list in the subject, Agriculture & Forest Meterology, Science and Physical Review A tops the list.

The role of rectal diclofenac and aggressive hydration with Ringer's lactate in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in high-risk patients

Sharma Vivek Mohan,Mathur Amit,Goyal Mohan Babu,Jat Shankar Lal 소화기인터벤션의학회 2023 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.12 No.2

Background: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is a common complication of therapeutic endoscopy. The aim of this trial was to determine whether a combination of rectal diclofenac and vigorous hydration with Ringer’s lactate is superior to the correspond-ing individual treatments for preventing PEP in high-risk patients. Methods: This randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted from August 2020 to January 2022. We included patients who were at high risk of developing PEP. Three intervention groups were made: group A, diclofenac sodium suppository (100 mg); group B, aggressive hydration with Ringer’s lactate; group C, a combination of diclofenac and aggressive hydration. PEP was defined as a serum amylase level > 3 times the upper limit of normal with epigastric pain within 24 hours after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Results: A total of 144 patients were included and 48 cases were randomized to each intervention group. The incidence of PEP was 8.3%, 10.4%, and 8.3% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. A personal history of alcohol consumption and more than one pancreatic duct guidewire cannulation were significantly associated with the development of PEP.Conclusion: No difference in the incidence of PEP was observed with or without the use of aggressive hydration. Combining aggressive hydration with a rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for preventing PEP cannot be recommended.

Impact of scaling and root planing on C-reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in chronic periodontitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus

Mohan, Mahendra,Jhingran, Rajesh,Bains, Vivek Kumar,Gupta, Vivek,Madan, Rohit,Rizvi, Iram,Mani, Kanchan Korean Academy of Periodontology 2014 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.44 No.4

Purpose: The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-CP) or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (NDM-CP). Methods: Forty-eight human participants were divided into two groups: an experimental (T2DM-CP) group (group I, n=24) comprising chronic periodontitis patients with random blood sugar ${\geq}200mg/dL$ and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and control (NDM-CP) group (group II, n=24) of those with chronic periodontitis and random blood sugar <200 without T2DM for the study. All subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) including complete SRP and subgingival debridement. Periodontal health parameters, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), GCF volume (GCF vol), GCF-CRP, random blood glucose (RBS), glycated hemoglobin, and systemic inflammatory markers, serum CRP, total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil count (Neutr) and lymphocyte count (Lymph), were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after SRP. Results: NSPT resulted in statistically significant improvement in periodontal health parameters (PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF vol), CRP levels in serum as well as GCF of both groups I and II. The mean improvement in periodontal health parameters (PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF vol), CRP levels in serum and GCF was greater in group I than group II after NSPT. There was nonsignificant increase in GCF-CRP, TLC, Lymph, and RBS, and a significant increase in Neutr and Serum CRP in group II at 1 month. The Serum CRP level of 20 out of 24 group II patients had also increased at 1 month. Conclusions: The CRP levels in both GCF and serum were higher in T2DM-CP patients than in NDM-CP patients. Although there was a significant improvement in both the groups, greater improvement was observed in both GCF and serum samples of T2DM-CP patients.

Antihypertensive activity of Zingiber officinale and Korean ginseng in experimentally induced hypertension in rats

Mohan, M,Balaraman, R,Kasture, SB Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2007 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.7 No.3

We investigated the antihypertensive effect of Pet ether extract (PE) of ginger rhizome; its toluene fraction (TF) and Korean ginseng extract (KGE) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) - salt induced and fructose induced hypertensive rats. In DOCA model, DOCA (25 mg/kg, once a week; s.c) was administered in uninephrectomised animals for 4 w. PE (50 mg/kg/day; p.o), TF (10 mg/kg/day; p.o) and KGE (30 mg/kg/day; p.o) were evaluated for their antihypertensive effect. In the fructose model, drinking water was replaced with fructose (10%) for five weeks to induce hypertension. PE (50 mg/kg/day; p.o) and KGE (30 mg/kg/day; p.o) were assessed for its antihypertensive effect in fructose model. After completion of the treatment schedule, vascular reactivity to various agonists like 5-HT, noradrenaline, adrenaline, phenylbiguanide and acetylcholine were recorded in rats of both the models. A cumulative dose response curve (CDRC) of 5-HT was carried out in isolated rat fundus strip of the fructose induced hypertensive rats. Chronic administration of PE (50 mg/kg/day; p.o), TF (10 mg/kg/day; p.o), and KGE (30 mg/kg/day; p.o) significantly reduced the blood pressure in DOCA salt whereas PE (50 mg/kg/day; p.o) and KGE (30 mg/kg/day; p.o) reduced the blood pressure in fructose induced hypertensive rats. Treatment with PE (50 mg/kg/day; p.o) and KGE (30 mg/kg/day; p.o) in fructose model for five weeks shifted the CDRC towards the right on rat fundus. The mechanism of action may partly involve the serotonergic antagonistic property.

Palliative Radiotherapy in the Presence of Well-Controlled Metastatic Disease after Initial Chemotherapy May Prolong Survival in Patients with Metastatic Esophageal and Gastric Cancer

Mohan Hingorani,Sanjay Dixit,Miriam Johnson,Victoria Plested,Kevin Alty,Peter Colley,Andrew W. Beavis,Rajarshi Roy,Anthony Maraveyas 대한암학회 2015 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.47 No.4

Purpose We report the outcomes of patients treated with palliative radiotherapy (pRT) to the primarytumour in the context of well-controlled metastatic disease after initial chemotherapy. Materials and MethodsClinical records of 132 patients with metastatic esophago-gastric (OG) cancer treated withpalliative chemotherapy (pCT) between January 2009 and June 2013 were reviewed. Ninetysevenpatients had responding or stable disease after 3 months of chemotherapy, of whom53 patients received pRT to the primary tumour after initial chemotherapy in the presenceof well-controlled metastatic disease (group A, pCT-RT). The remaining 44 patients weretreated with pCT alone (group B, pCT). Treatment-related outcomes were assessed in abovegroups including time to local progression (TTLP), progression-free and overall survival. ResultsThe median overall survival for patients treated with pRT after initial chemotherapy (groupA) was 23.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.70 to 28.89 months) and significantlyhigher than the 14 months (95% CI, 10.91 to 17.08 months) in patients treated with pCTalone (group B) (p < 0.001). The use of pCT-RT was an independent predictor of OS in multivariateanalysis. Local recurrence was observed in 12/53 of patients (23%) in group Acompared to 16/44 (36%) in group B. The median TTLP was significantly higher in patientsafter pCT-RT at 17.3 months (5.23 months to 44.50 months) compared to 8.3 months(range, 4.10 to 25.23 months) in patients treated with pCT alone (p=0.006). ConclusionThe possibility of pRT influencing systemic disease in advanced OG cancer has not beenreported, and results from the present study present strong arguments for investigation ofthis therapeutic strategy in a randomized trial.

Cultural Integration - Seal Characters and English

Mohan Wang 한국콘텐츠학회 2015 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2015 No.5

Mongolia`s Policy Options in the Post-Soviet World

( Mohan Malik ) 한국국방연구원 1995 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.7 No.1

With the breakup of its mentor and protector the Soviet Union, Mongolia is confronted with very difficult policy choices indeed. In the changed circumstances, given Moscow`s inability to act as the guardian of Mongolia`s economic and strategic interests and given Mongolia`s historical suspicions about China`s irredentist ambitions, Ulan Bator has been forced to look for new and reliable economic and security partners in the post-Soviet Union, post-Cold War world. Ulan Bator is struggling to come to terms with the realities of the new geopolitical environment and exploring the opportunities for closer ties with the outside world beyond the narrow geopolitical confines of location between Russia and China so as to ensure both national independence and economic survival. Consequently, Japan, South Korea, the United States, Western Europe, the ASEAN countries, Kazakhstan, and even India have come to occupy a prominent place on Mongolian foreign policy agenda. The country is also witnessing a marked reemergence of Mongol nationalism. Buddhist religion is once again blooming in Mongolia. This article argues that during the last seven decades of Mongolia`s existence as a nation-state, geography, history, politics and economics forced a preoccupation with the neighboring giants in its north and south-the Soviet Union and China-and discouraged contacts with the countries in the east and west. The Mongol fear of annexation and absorption by its large, powerful neighboring giants has played a decisive role in the shaping of Mongolia`s worldview and external outlook in the 20th century. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union has afforded Ulan Bator the opportunity, for the first time in this century, to look east (Japan and South Korea) and west (the US, Europe and nearer home, Kazakhstan) to balance its relations with countries in the north and south (Russia and China). Mongolian strategic experts and policy makers have called upon the world to pay more attention to their country which could serve as a bulwark to Chinese and Russian expansion in the heartland of Asia. Mongolia`s national interests lie in seeing to it that it does not once again become a bone of contention between Moscow and Beijing. Following the collapse of the Russian power, Mongolia has legitimate fears about an increasingly powerful China`s intentions to supplant the former Soviet Union as the dominant power on Mongolia`s borders. Relations with its southern neighbor are on a more even keel, yet major differences with Beijing remain, given the fact that many Chinese still consider Mongolia to be "Chinese territory." However, the threat to Mongolia`s security and independence in the short to medium terms is clearly more economic than military in nature. With the weight of population and cash on Chinese side, there is a possibility that first capital/technology transfers and then population transfer could make Mongolia highly dependent on its southern neighbor. Therefore, Ulan Bator seeks to reduce its economic dependence on its neighboring giants. It goes without saying that Mongolia cannot possibly hope to cope on its own with the entire spectrum of threats-military, economic and ideological to-its security. That is why the Mongol leaders are stressing the need to integrate their country with the international economic and political system and to strengthen interaction with the developed and developing countries at international forums. Ulan Bator should be offered all the help it requires in its hour of need as Mongolia is the first and so far the only former communist country in Asia to attempt a simultaneous transition to democracy and a market economy.

Antifertility Effect of Neem (Azadrichta indica) Seed Kernel Meal in Chickens

Mohan, J.,Tyagi, Praveen K.,Tyagi, Pramod K.,Verma, S.V.S.,Moudgal, R.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.6

The reproductive performance of forty two male broilers divided into three similar groups and fed on isocaloric and isonitrogneous diets containing 0, 10 or 20% water washed neem seed kernel meal (WWNSKM) was investigated from 20 to 32-wks of age. Results on semen characteristics revealed that feeding of WWNSKM led to significant (p < 0.05) reduction in semen volume, sperm concentration associated with increased incidences of morphological abnormalities in the spermatozoa when compared to that of the control birds. A drastic reduction in the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa was observed, the adverse effects being more at higher inclusion level of the cake. Hatchability of eggs also declined in the WWNSKM fed group. Histological examination of testes revealed a higher number of degenerating cells and poor spermatogenesis along with multinucleated giant cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes of birds receiving the high dose of WWNSKM in diet. It may be concluded that the feeding of WWNSKM by incorporating in isocaloric and isonitrogneous diets to cockerels is associated with adverse effect on their fertility.