Butyrate regulates leptin expression through different signaling pathways in adipocytes

Mohamed Mohamed Soliman,Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed,Alaa-eldin Salah-eldin,Abeer Abdel-Alim Abdel-Aal 대한수의학회 2011 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.12 No.4

Leptin is an adipocytokine that regulates body weight, and maintains energy homeostasis by promoting reduced food intake and increasing energy expenditure. Leptin expression and secretion is regulated by various factors including hormones and fatty acids. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid that acts as source of energy in humans. We determined whether this fatty acid can play a role in leptin expression in fully differentiated human adipocytes. Mature differentiated adipocytes were incubated with or without increasing concentrations of butyrate. RNA was extracted and leptin mRNA expression was examined by Northern blot analysis. Moreover, the cells were incubated with regulators that may affect signals which may alter leptin expression and analyzed with Northern blotting. Butyrate stimulated leptin expression, and stimulated mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospho-CREB signaling in a time-dependent manner. Prior treatment of the cells with signal transduction inhibitors as pertusis toxin, Gi protein antagonist, PD98059 (a MAPK inhibitor), and wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) abolished leptin mRNA expression. These results suggest that butyrate can regulate leptin expression in humans at the transcriptional level. This is accomplished by: 1) Gi protein-coupled receptors specific for short-chain fatty acids, and 2) MAPK and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways.

Percutaneous Transpedicular Fixation: Technical tips and Pitfalls of Sextant and Pathfinder Systems

Mohamed M. Mohi Eldin,Ahmed Salah Aldin Hassan 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.1

Study Design: The efficacy of the operative techniques, possible benefits as well as pitfalls and limitations of the techniques are discussed. Potential drawbacks are also detected. Purpose: This study aims to report indications, techniques, and our experience with the use of the Sextant and PathFinder percutaneous transpedicular screw fixation systems. Overview of Literature: Percutaneous pedicle screw insertion is a novel technique. Successful percutaneous placement of pedicle screws requires surgical skill and experience because of lack of anatomic surface landmarks. Fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous placement of pedicle screws is effective. Many systems are now available. Methods: We conducted a prospective operative and postoperative analysis of 40 patients with absolute indication for thoracic or lumbar instability between January 2009 and June 2013. All procedures were performed with the Sextant (group A) and PathFinder (group B) systems under fluoroscopic guidance. Operative techniques are discussed and the results compared. Results: Percutaneous transpedicular screw fixation minimizes the morbidity associated with open techniques without compromising the quality of fixation. A total of 190 screws were inserted. There was no additional morbidity. Postoperative computed tomography images and plain X-rays were analyzed. Reduction of visual analog scale scores of back pain was evident. Conclusions: Fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous pedicular screws are feasible and can be safely done. Current systems allow multisegmental fixation with significantly less difficulties. The described techniques have acceptable intra- and postoperative complication rates, and overall sufficient pain control with early mobilization of patients.

Synthesis, characterization, surface and biocidal effect of some germinate nonionic surfactants

Mohamed F. Zaky,Ismail A. Aiad,AHMED SALAH MAHMOUD TAWFIK 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

Different fatty acid namely; palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids and polyethylene glycol-600 werereacted to give nonionic surfactants. The formed nonionic surfactants were reacted with germaniumdioxide in presence of sodium carbonate to form germinates nonionic surfactants (I, II, III, and IV). Thechemical structures of the synthesized surfactants were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectra. Thesynthesized surfactants showed higher surface activity at different temperature and surface parametersinfluenced by chemical structure of surfactants. The thermodynamic calculations showed thatadsorption and micellization processes are spontaneous. The synthesized surfactants showed goodantimicrobial activities against the tested microorganisms including Gram positive, Gram negative aswell as fungi. The promising inhibition efficiency of these compounds against the sulfate reducingbacteria facilitates them to be applicable in the petroleum field as new categories of sulfate reducingbacteria biocides.

Natural Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Bio-based Calcium Carbonate: Preparation and Examination

Ahmed Mohamed Sharaf,Eslam Syala,Abbas Anwar Ezzat,Salah F. Abdellah Ali,E. El-Rafey 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.5

Both the chicken eggshell (ES) and rice husk (RH) represent environmental, and pollution issues. Incorporatingboth of them, with minimum processing procedures, in various useful applications is a major contribution in solving suchproblems. In this research, unsaturated polyester (UP) was doped with different percentages (5-25 wt.%) of fine (ES) to formone (UP-ES) composite system. The (UP-ES) system was reinforced with a fixed 10 wt.% of (RH), which represents anagricultural waste produced in tonnage, to fabricate the second system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis emerged that the(ES) is forming from calcium carbonate (CaCO3) resembling typically the mineral one. The addition of (ES) enhanced boththe mechanical characteristics of (UP) resin in terms of tensile strength, elongation %, tensile modulus, impact strength,flexural strength from 26.33 to 33.77 MPa, from 3.30 to 3.60 MPa, from 2000 to 2406.67 MPa, from 1.25 to 2.42 kJ/m², from64.93 to 75.07 MPa, and the thermal stability from 335.75 to 346.24 oC, respectively. This inclusion of (ES) also promotedboth the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and dielectric constant (εr) of (UP) from 17.25 to 23.50 % and from 6.76 to 11.02,respectively. The addition of (RH) to (ES-UP) composite, generally, gave the same attitude for the properties like what in the(ES-UP) system other than the remarkable extra-increase in the (εr). Also, (RH) elevated the water absorption (%) of (ES-UP)composite by the action of its hydrophilic nature. It is concluded that the incorporation of both (ES) and (RH) reduces thefinal cost of the composite and solves one of the great environmental disposal issues.

Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antifungal activity of anionic and nonionic surfactants against crop pathogenic fungi

AHMED SALAH MAHMOUD TAWFIK,Mohamed F. Zaky,Tahany G.M. Mohammad,Hanaa A.E. Attia 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.29 No.-

Fungi have long been identified as causal agents of plant diseases. The development of plant antifungalactivity was attempted by synthesis of a new type of anionic and nonionic surfactant. The surfaceproperties were studied, including critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness (pcmc), maximumsurface excess (Gmax), and minimum surface area (Amin). Free energy of micellization and adsorption wascalculated (DG8mic and DG8ads). The antifungal activity of the prepared surfactants was verified in vitro bythe poisoned food technique against eight phytopathogenic fungi: Colletotrichum dematium, Drechslerahawaiiensis, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Humicola fuscoatra, Pestalotia laurocerasi, Phoma spp.,and Phytophthra. The results reported that the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth increases withincreasing concentrations of the surfactant for all fungal species used. These results indicated that thesurfactant inhibited the mycelial growth of all fungal species in a dose-dependent manner. Blendsurfactants have a potential antifungal effect for the control of some phytopathogenic fungi.

Reactions with Heterocyclic Amidines (V). Synthesis of some new imidazo[l, 2-b] pyrazole,pyrazolo[5,1-C]-1,2,4-triazine and pyrazolo [5, 1-c]-1,2,4-triazole derivatives

Ali Elagamey, Abdel Ghani,Ahmed Sowellim, Salah Zaki,Mohamed Nabil, Khodeir The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1987 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.10 No.1

Several new imidazo [1, 2-b] pyrazole, pyrazolo [5, 1-c]-1, 2, 4-triazine and pyrazolo [5, 1-c] triazole derivatives were prepared from the reaction of 3-antipyrinyl-5-aminopyrazole or its diazonium salt with .alpha.-chloroacetyl derivatives.

The Somali Civil War: Integrating Traditional and Modern Peacebuilding Approaches

Israel Nyaburi Nyadera,Mohamed Salah Ahmed 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2020 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.8 No.1

This study seeks to assess how the conflict in Somalia has transformed over the years and examines the merits of adopting a hybrid approach to peacebuilding. The article argues that given the changes experienced in the conflict and the socio-political and cultural characteristics of the Somali Society, a hybrid peace strategy which combines the traditional Xeer approach and contemporary counter-terrorism strategies can fill the gaps previous peace efforts failed to achieve. This approach has the potential to re-establish the horizontal and vertical social contracts between the people themselves and with the government which had been lost prior to and during the conflict.

PSO Based Fractional Order PI Controller and ANFIS Algorithm for Wind Turbine System Control and Diagnosis

Labed Nasreddine,Attoui Issam,Makhloufi Salim,Bouraiou Ahmed,Bouakkaz Mohammed Salah 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.3

In the recent years, the usage of fossil fuels presents the major source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Renewable energies essentially wind, solar, geothermal, waves, biomass, hydrogen and so on, are used as an alternative source of fossil energy to overcome these problems. Among the several renewable energy sources, the wind energy is one of the primary types of renewable energy that can be effectively connected to the grid. However, power generation management, control and condition monitoring of wind turbine systems represent major challenges to the researchers in this field. Therefore, this paper considers these issues and demonstrates effective techniques of power generation management, system control and condition monitoring. A hybrid super-capacitor-battery energy storage system is used to support the power generation of the wind turbine under wind speed variations and grid demand changes using two DC/DC converters. Fractional Order PI Controllers tuned using particle swarm optimization PSO algorithm, are proposed in order to control the proposed system. The control strategy guarantees the stability of the wind turbine system in healthy and faulty operating conditions. Based on the stator reactive power signal of the DFIG, the proposed diagnostic strategy involves a data-driven method using the FFT algorithm for extracting the frequency feature parameters. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System ANFIS is used for automatically detecting and classifying the rotor and stator faults of the DFIG. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed methods.

Efficiency and accuracy of artificial intelligence in the radiographic detection of periodontal bone loss: A systematic review

Tariq Asmhan,Nakhi Fatmah Bin,Salah Fatema,Eltayeb Gabass,Abdulla Ghada Jassem,Najim Noor,Khedr Salma Ahmed,Elkerdasy Sara,Al-Rawi Natheer,Al Kawas Sausan,Mohammed Marwan,Shetty Shishir Ram 대한영상치의학회 2023 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.53 No.3

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to play a major role in medical diagnostics. Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases. The early diagnosis of periodontal disease is essential for effective treatment and a favorable prognosis. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing periodontal bone loss through radiographic analysis. Materials and Methods: A literature search involving 5 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Health and Medical Collection, Dentistry and Oral Sciences) was carried out. A specific combination of keywords was used to obtain the articles. The PRISMA guidelines were used to filter eligible articles. The study design, sample size, type of AI software, and the results of each eligible study were analyzed. The CASP diagnostic study checklist was used to evaluate the evidence strength score. Results: Seven articles were eligible for review according to the PRISMA guidelines. Out of the 7 eligible studies, 4 had strong CASP evidence strength scores (7-8/9). The remaining studies had intermediate CASP evidence strength scores (3.5-6.5/9). The highest area under the curve among the reported studies was 94%, the highest F1 score was 91%, and the highest specificity and sensitivity were 98.1% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: AI-based detection of periodontal bone loss using radiographs is an efficient method. However, more clinical studies need to be conducted before this method is introduced into routine dental practice.

Serum Biomarkers for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with HCV Infection in Egyptian Patients

Zekri, Abdel-Rahman,Youssef, Amira Salah El-Din,Bakr, Yasser Mabrouk,Gabr, Reham Mohamed,El-Rouby, Mahmoud Nour El-Din,Hammad, Ibtisam,Ahmed, Entsar Abd El-Monaem,Marzouk, Hanan Abd El-Haleem,Nabil, M Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Background: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma using serological markers with better sensitivity and specificity than alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is needed. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum sICAM-1, ${\beta}$-catenin, IL-8, proteasome and sTNFR-II in early detection of HCC. Materials and Methods: Serum levels of IL-8, sICAM-1, sTNFR-II, proteasome and ${\beta}$-catenin were measured by ELISA assay in 479 serum samples from 192 patients with HCC, 96 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), 96 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 95 healthy controls. Results: Serum levels of proteasome, sICAM-1, ${\beta}$-catenin and ${\alpha}FP$ were significantly elevated in HCC group compared to other groups (P-value<0.001), where serum level of IL-8 was significantly elevated in the LC and HCC groups compared to CHC and control groups (P-value <0.001), while no significant difference was noticed in patients with HCC and LC (P-value=0.09). Serum level of sTNFR-II was significantly elevated in patients with LC compared to HCC, CHC and control groups (P-value <0.001); also it was significantly higher in HCC compared to CHC and control groups (P-value <0.001). ROC curve analysis of the studied markers between HCC and other groups revealed that the serum level of proteasome had sensitivity of 75.9% and specificity of 73.4% at a cut-off value of $0.32{\mu}g/ml$ with AUC 0.803 sICAM-1 at cut off value of 778ng/ml, the sensitivity was 75.8% and the specificity was 71.8% with AUC 0.776. ${\beta}$-catenin had sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 68.6% respectively at a cut off value of 8.75ng/ml with an AUC of 0.729. sTNFR-II showed sensitivity of 86.3% and specificity of 51.8% at a cut off value of 6239.5pg/ml with an AUC of 0.722. IL-8 had sensitivity of 70.4% and specificity of 52.3% at a cut off value of 51.5pg/ml with AUC 0.631. Conclusions: Our data supported the role of proteasome, sICAM-1, sTNFR-II and ${\beta}$-catenin in early detection of HCC. Also, using this panel of serological markers in combination with ${\alpha}FP$ may offer improved diagnostic performance over ${\alpha}FP$ alone in the early detection of HCC.