RESEARCH ON THE STRUCTURE IMPROVING THE BOTTOM SEDIMENT BY CONTROLLING CURRENT FIELD

MIYAGAWA MASASHI,SUENAGA YOSHIHIRO,YAMANAKA MINORU 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

法科大学院教育と早稲田大学の実務教育のための二つの法律事務所

Miyagawa Shigeo(宮川成雄) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2014 法學硏究 Vol.25 No.1

Japan launched the law school system in 2004, and 74 law schools were established. In the past ten years, thirteen law offices affiliated with law schools were also set up. There are two characteristics to define a "law-school-affiliated" law office. One is that the law office is opened on the campus of a particular law school, and the other is that the major purpose of the law office is to provide the practical training for students of the law school. There are three categories of the law-school-affiliated law offices. The first category is law offices that were established with a strong initiative of the law schools. The second is those that were established by a group of devoted practicing attorneys. The third is those established in the collaboration with a particular local bar association. The first category of law-school-affiliated law offices shows the strongest involvement to the legal education of the law schools where the law offices are established. Waseda University Legal Clinic Law Office is in the first category. Waseda University Legal Clinic Law Office was established in 2004 as the first law-school-affiliated law office in Japan. It is a legal entity independent of the Waseda University, because universities are not allowed to set up a law office. It collaborates with Waseda Law School in providing practical training for the law students. As well as the educational purpose, it aims to contribute to the public by providing free legal services to the local community, particularly to the people with low incomes. The Law Office receives compensations from the University for its practical education to the law students and provides legal services free of charge to the local community. In March of 2013, the second law office was established to collaborate with Waseda Law School in providing practical education for the law students. It is Waseda Legal Commons Law Office. It is financially independent of Waseda University but closely related with Waseda Law School in terms of both alumni relationship and the educational collaboration. Waseda Legal Commons provides three types of practical training. One is that many of the partners serve as academic advisor to the law students. The second is that Waseda Legal Commons accepts externship students all the year round, not limited to the summer or spring recess. The third is the "Commons' case project" in which Waseda students are trained in live client cases which Waseda Legal Commons' attorneys represent. The significance of having a "law-school-affiliated" law office for professional legal education is that this type of law office is the embodiment of the "bridge between theory and practice" in law. In this educational setting of teaching theory and practice of law, students can learn law incorporated with practical skills and professional responsibilities.

연구논문 : 식민지의 “위대한” 역사와 제국의 위상: 와다 유지(和田雄治)의 조선기상학사 연구

미야가와타쿠야 ( Miyagawa Takuya ) 한국과학사학회 2010 한국과학사학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Wada Yuji 和田雄治(1859-1918), the first chief director of the meteorological network in colonial Korea, wrote some books and papers on history of Korean meteorology in 1910s, which were the very first study on history of Korean science. In his writings, he praised the invention of observation system and the long record of rainfall during the Choson dynasty because such a long record could not be found anywhere else in the world. At the same time he represented history of Korean meteorological projects as a part of Japanese history, stating that “our country [Japan] must be proud of them.” Such expression was possible because Wada was influenced by intellectual tendency of the historians of Orient in Meiji Japan, and he believed that he was obligated to represent the great legacy instead of the “uncivilized” Korean people, who he thought were incapable of studying and representing their history by themselves. Also by decontextualizing the meteorological history and data from the historical context of Choson, Wada could describe them as Japanese history of science. As a result, the decontextualized history of Korean meteorology functioned as one noteworthy element of the Japanese empire for cultural opposition to the Western empires.

Equilibrium Exchange Rates in Asian Currencies

Tsutomu Miyagawa,Hideki Toya,Tatsuji Makino 서울대학교 경제연구소 2004 Seoul journal of economics Vol.17 No.4

In this paper, we measured the equilibrium exchange rates (EER) for Asian currencies (baht. new Taiwan dollar. won. yen. and yuan) and the U.S. dollar. We compared the equilibrium exchange rates reflecting economic fundamentals with the actual exchange rate, and examined which factors affect the movement of equilibrium exchange rates. Our study shows that rapid increases of labor productivity in Korea and China have prevented an excessive depreciation of the won and yuan. When we take multilateral trade into account, the effective exchange rate of the yen was undervalued compared with the effective equilibrium exchange rate in 2000.

Developments and Challenges ofClinical Legal Education in Japan

Shigeo Miyagawa 인하대학교 법학연구소 2012 法學硏究 Vol.15 No.1

Japan started the law school system in April 2004 with idealistic goals such as “bridging theory and practice” and transforming the legal education “from the point of testing knowledge at the bar examination to the process of developing lawyers,” and also started clinical legal education in the same year. However, the law school system has stagnated and not functioning as originally planned as the core institution for developing lawyers. Difficulties involved in law school education can be seen in the symbolic figures of the bar examination passage rate. It also is troubled with the lack of coordination between law school education and the judicial apprenticeship. Despite the difficult situation that Japanese law schools face today, the idea and the system of clinical legal education can be said to root in Japan. That is, there are several reasons for seeing a positive prospect such as (1) secure growth of clinical courses in Japan, (2) gradual increase of law-school-affiliated law office, (3) establishment of the Japan Clinical Legal Education Association. As for improving the law school system and clinical education in Japan, there should be a re-examination of law school curricula. Since Japanese law schools are currently under severe criticism from a variety of social sectors, those who are involved in clinical legal education must re-evaluate law school curricula, meet those challenges and improve law school education. In relation to this, the JCLEA (Japan Clinical Legal Education Association) proposed to make clinical courses required electives in the model curricula of law schools. A recent report by the Carnegie Endowment for the Advancement of Higher Education also points out the necessity of integrated pedagogy for legal education. “Immigration and Refugee Law Clinic” of Waseda Law School could be a good example. In this clinic, students can learn theories of constitutional law, administrative law, civil procedural law, and international law. They can also be trained in lawyer-client communication skills with the assistance of language interpreters. They can also learn the multi-dimensional nature of the legal system. They can develop a deeper understanding of the situation of foreigners and refugees. There is another kind of problem in Japan. Because there is no student practice rule, law students cannot directly provide legal services for real clients. For solving this matter, there have been some preliminary discussions between the Japan Federation of Bar Associations and the Ministry of Justice, and they continue their work to prepare for the adoption of a Japanese version of student practice rules. As another matter, law schools in Japan need the quality control of externship education. Externship training is the most prevalent clinical method that is being used at Japanese law schools. But many law schools just send students to law offices to have them experience legal practice on the job. They also need to develop a younger generation clinical teachers. Some law-school-affiliated law offices, such as Waseda University Legal Clinic Law Office, have begun to hire novice attorneys as clinical teaching assistants. It means there is a new entry of clinical teachers. So, senior clinical teachers are very much looking forward to seeing the new generation of clinical teachers contributes to the enhancement of legal education. Lastly, it is very important to use clinical pedagogy in the total process of developing lawyers. The involvement of law schools or university based institutes in judicial apprenticeship training and continuing legal education would make legal education a genuine “process of developing lawyers” from the outset to completion.

Development and Challenges of Clinical Legal Education in Japan

Shigeo Miyagawa 인하대학교 법학연구소 2012 法學硏究 Vol.15 No.1

歴史技術とナショナリズム

宮川康子(Miyagawa Yasuko) 부산대학교 일본연구소 2014 日本硏究 Vol.15 No.-

일본 근대역사학은 근대 국민국가와 내셔널리즘의 형성 속에서 근세에 있어서의 다양한 역사 기술의 실정과 그 배경이 되는 역사의식을 덮어 숨기며 성립해 왔다. 근세 역사의식의 성립에는 18세기의 古?사상이 큰 역할을 하고 있는데, 尹藤仁齋의 고의학과 荻生??의 고문사학이라는 두 고학은, 無鬼와 有鬼의 역사학 흐름을 산출해 간다. 그리고 그 두 흐름은 서양 근대사학의 수입과 수용의 물결과 복잡하게 뒤얽히며, 메이지 시대에 있어서의 관학 아카데미즘사학, 계몽사학, 사론사학의 성립에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 본고에서는 이 두 고학의 흐름에 초점을 두고, 역사에 있어서 시작의 언설이 유귀론적 흐름 속에서 생겨난 것, 그리고 그것이 국민의 통일적 아이덴티티와 내셔널리즘 형성에 큰 역할을 다하였던 것을 밝힘과 동시에, 무귀론적 역사가 은폐된 것에 의해, 시민적 공론의 공간이 상실되기에 이르렀다는 문제를 제기하였다. 근대 역사학이 근세역사학의 무엇을 어떻게 계승하고, 또한 계승하지 않았는가를 검토함으로써, 일본 근대역사학 문제에 새로운 시점을 제출하는 시도이다.

Histopathological subtyping of high- grade serous ovarian cancer using whole slide imaging

Chiho Miyagawa,Hidekatsu Nakai,Tomoyuki Otani,Ryusuke Murakami,Shiki Takamura,Hisamitsu Takaya,Kosuke Murakami,Masaki Mandai,Noriomi Matsumura 대한부인종양학회 2023 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.34 No.4

Objective: We have established 4 histopathologic subtyping of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and reported that the mesenchymal transition (MT) type has a worse prognosis than the other subtypes. In this study, we modified the histopathologic subtyping algorithm to achieve high interobserver agreement in whole slide imaging (WSI) and to characterize the tumor biology of MT type for treatment individualization. Methods: Four observers performed histopathological subtyping using WSI of HGSOC in The Cancer Genome Atlas data. As a validation set, cases from Kindai and Kyoto Universities were independently evaluated by the 4 observers to determine concordance rates. In addition, genes highly expressed in MT type were examined by gene ontology term analysis. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to validate the pathway analysis. Results: After algorithm modification, the kappa coefficient, which indicates interobserver agreement, was greater than 0.5 (moderate agreement) for the 4 classifications and greater than 0.7 (substantial agreement) for the 2 classifications (MT vs. non-MT). Gene expression analysis showed that gene ontology terms related to angiogenesis and immune response were enriched in the genes highly expressed in the MT type. CD31 positive microvessel density was higher in the MT type compared to the non-MT type, and tumor groups with high infiltration of CD8/CD103 positive immune cells were observed in the MT type. Conclusion: We developed an algorithm for reproducible histopathologic subtyping classification of HGSOC using WSI. The results of this study may be useful for treatment individualization of HGSOC, including angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy.

Measuring Organization Capital in Japan : An Empirical Assessment Using Firm-Level Data

Tsutomu Miyagawa,YoungGak Kim 서울대학교 경제연구소 2008 Seoul journal of economics Vol.21 No.1

Globalization and the ICT revolution of the 1990s have forced firms to reorganize in order to survive in a more competitive market. Using an optimizing firm model with multiple assets, we examined whether organization capital is accumulated with investment in several types of assets. In contrast to Cummins's (2005) results, we found that the accumulation of organization capital is associated with investment in R&D assets and marketing assets. Using these results, we measured the contribution of organization capital to the conventional TFP growth. The estimation results implied that the growth of organization capital did not have significant effects on productivity growth.

Coarctation of the Aorta

Masatsugu Miyagawa,Daisuke Kitano,Yasuo Okumura 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2023 전남의대학술지 Vol.59 No.3

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