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      • SCOPUS

        Mergers and Acquisitions as Vital Instruments of Corporate Strategy: Current and Historical Perspective

        M. Jibran Sheikh,Mah-a-Mobeen Ahmed,Qudsia Arshad,Wajid Shakeel 한국유통과학회 2015 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.2 No.1

        In this paper our main focus is to provide insight into the history of M&A’s for this purpose we have analysed the different waves of M&A. We have analysed these waves in context of available literature and fact and figures. During the study we realised that almost all of the waves of M&A’s ended because of financial crises, although impact and severity of that crises may differ. We analysed the impact of current crises on M&A in global context and in order to establish how companies have and in post crises era i.e. after crises of 2007 onwards how the companies have changed their corporate strategies to accommodate M&A’s. We have also analysed which factors fuelled M&A’s in past and were these factors present in post crises era M&A activities. By first quarter of 2011 the many firms saw new growth opportunities in M&A activities seemed to rebound as large companies used M&A’s as part of their corporate strategy but this was cut short by events like US debt ceiling, down grade of USA’s credit ratings along with fears about Eurozone’s financial health and their impact on future prospects of M&A’s would they continue to prosper or would they be weighed down by these events.

      • Estimation of Crop Water Requirement and Comparison with Available Irrigation Water Supply

        ( Ahmad Mirza Junaid ),( M. Arshad ),( Kyung Sook Choi ) 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

        The study was conducted on the irrigation area of Nokhar Branch belong to Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) System, Punjab province of Pakistan. The objectives of the study were 1) to generate image map of the land use in UCC system, 2) to determine the irrigation requirements for different crop and 3) to compare the irrigation requirements with water supply from UCC system. The study period was from November 2010 to October 2011 comprising two cropping seasons including spring and autumn. MODIS 250m NDVI time series data were downloaded from NASA website (https://wist.echo.nasa.govlapii). ERDAS imagine model and ArcGIS tools were used for processing of NDVI images. CROPWAT model was applied to estimate the irrigation requirements within the study area on the basis of different crop fields. The estimated irrigation area of Nokhar Branch from the RS image process was 161,054.4 acres which shows 86% of accuracy compared to the official map. The total water supplied to irrigation system of Nokhar Branch for the study area, in which the major crops were wheat and rice, was 376.36 million m<sup>3</sup>(MCM). The actual irrigation water for crops was estimated to be 206.994 MCM after subtracting conveyance losses of 45% total water supplied. The estimated total volume of water required in autumn and spring seasons were 150.46 MCM and 603.29 MCM respectively. The maximum water requirement of water was observed 220 MCM from June in autumn season and 144 MCM from September in spring season. The comparison between the available water supplied from UCC system and the estimated water demand was shown that the deficit of irrigation water was up to 60% through the study period.

      • KCI등재

        Surface analysis of GeC prepared by reactive pulsed laser deposition technique

        Arshad Mahmood,A. Shah,F.F. Castillon,L. Cota Araiza,J. Heiras,M. Yasin Akhtar Raja,M. Khizar 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

        Amorphous germanium carbide (a-Ge_(1-x)C_x) thin films were prepared by reactive pulsed laser deposition technique using several methane pressures. Surface analysis was performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to examine the composition and elemental bonding at the surface of the material. Optical analysis was carried out by spectroscopic ellipsometry to study the optical constants (n and k) and other parameters of the film. Results indicate that the carbon atoms to be incorporated in the germanium lattice, forming a-Ge_(1-x)C_x alloy, for concentrations below about 10 atomic % where the Ge atoms are uniformly distributed. There is formation of graphitic agglomerates for higher carbon concentrations.

      • KCI등재

        Synthesis of Ag-Loaded TiO2 Electrospun Nanofibers for Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methylene Blue

        M. Raffi,Zaira Batool,Mashkoor Ahmad,M. Zakria,Rana I. Shakoor,Muhammad Aslam Mirza,Arshad Mahmood 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.9

        Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the excellent photocatalysts used for degradation of environmetal pollutants. In this work, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt.% of silver (Ag)-loaded TiO2 nanofibers of mean size 52-134 nm were synthesized by electrospinning method. These electrospun nanofibers were calcined at 500 oC to enable the transformation of Rutile (R) phase to Anatase (A), elimination of reaction moieties from the TiO2 matrix and subsequently formation of Ag clusters. The effect of Ag loading on the morphology, crystal structure, phase transformation, and band gap of these electrospun nanofibers have been characterized by scannining electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), raman spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. These nanofibers exhibited a red-shift in the absorbance edge and a significant enhancement of light absorption in the wavelength range of 250-550 nm. These electrospun nanofibers were investigated for photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB), and photocatalytic decolorization rates were determined by pseudo-first-order equation. The rate constants for the pure and those of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 wt% Agloaded TiO2 nanofibers were computed to be 0.1439 min-1, 0.1608 min-1, 0.1876 min-1, and 0.2251 min-1 respectively.

      • KCI등재

        Investigation of Structural, Optical and Electrical Transport Properties of Yttrium Doped La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 Perovskites

        M. Arshad,M. Abushad,Shahid Husain,Wasi Khan 대한금속·재료학회 2020 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.16 No.4

        In the present study, bulk samples of yttrium doped La0.7−xYxCa0.3MnO3 (x = 0.3 and 0.4) are prepared through solid-state reaction route. The structural, optical and electrical transport properties have been explored through various analytical techniques. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns affirm single phase and polycrystalline nature of the samples. Rietveld refinement analysis of the XRD data is used to determine the various structural parameters. It reveals that both the samples belong to orthorhombic crystal system with Pnma space group. Using Scherrer’s equation, a lower value of crystallite size is found in the higher concentration of yttrium doped sample. The band gap as determined from the UV–visible DRS data by employing the Tauc’s relation is found to enhance with the increase of yttrium concentration in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. The low temperature resistivity measurements establish semiconducting nature of the samples over the temperature range of ~ 110–300 K. Moreover, the electrical resistivity data are interpreted within the variable range hopping (VRH) model to estimate the density of states at the Fermi level N(EF), mean hopping distance Rh(T) and hopping energy Eh(T). It is observed that the electrical quantities vary gradually with the change of Y content. The conduction mechanism in this system is governed in the framework of thermally activated small polaron hopping (SPH) model and accordingly various parameters namely Debye temperature (θD), activation energy (Ep) and optical phonon frequency (νph) are evaluated. The obtained results support a strong connection between structure and electrical behavior in our samples and can be elucidated on the basis of localization of charge carriers induced by the substituting ions.

      • Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial screening of some novel 1,2,4-triazine derivatives

        Arshad, M.,Bhat, A.R.,Hoi, K.K.,Choi, I.,Athar, F. Chinese Chemical Society 2017 Chinese chemical letters Vol.28 No.7

        A new series of 1, 2, 4-triazine derivatives possessing indole nucleus were synthesized with an aim to explore their effect on in vitro growth of microorganisms causing microbial infection. In vitro antimicrobial activity was performed against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. mirabilis and E. coli using disk diffusion method. The MIC was detected using the double dilution method. The results were compared by calculating percent inhibition area/μg of the compounds with the standard drug ''Ciprofloxacin''. Selected compounds were evaluated for toxic effects using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line by MTT-assay. Results revealed that some compounds of the series were found to exhibit better activity with less toxicity than Ciprofloxacin

      • KCI등재

        Ion beam analysis of sputtered AlN films

        Arshad Mahmood,E. Andrade,S. Muhl,A. Shah,M. Khizar,M. Yasin Akhtar Raja 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.2

        Polycrystalline aluminium nitride (AlN) films have been prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering followed by its characterization using advance electronic and optical techniques. Film quality has been optimized mainly using deposition parameters. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and nuclear interaction (NR) techniques were used to analyze the film density (atoms/cm^3), elemental composition and impurities of the grown film. Our ion beam analysis (IBA) was based on the particle energy spectra bombarded with a low-energy deuterium beam. The corresponding linear thickness of the film was measured using a profilometer. X-Ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic force microscope have also been employed to reinforce the results. We found that highly dense and stoichiometric films can be obtained at higher plasma current. Under optimal deposition conditions, the film densities of ∼2.45 g/cm^3, FWHM ∼0.125 and the surface roughness ∼6.758 nm have been achieved successfully.

      • A Control Chart for Monitoring the Process Mean Using Successive Sampling Over Two Occasions

        Azam, M.,Arshad, A.,Aslam, M.,Jun, C. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Arabian journal for science and engineering: AJSE Vol.42 No.7

        <P>This article proposes a new control chart to monitor the process mean based on the sample statistics from two successive occasions. First occasion units are independently drawn to obtain information of the study variable, and the second occasion units are drawn collectively with a retained portion of first occasion as matched units, while the other portion is the collection of the fresh units from the remaining unselected units at first occasion. The in-control and out-of-control average run lengths (ARLs) are derived for performance assessment under mean shifts. The performance of the proposed control chart is compared with traditional Shewhart control chart and a EWMA chart in terms of ARLs, which exhibits better performance when process is shifted from the target mean.</P>

      • KCI등재

        Sensitive and selective heavy metal ion, Mn2+ sensor development based on the synthesized (E)-N′-chlorobenzylidene-benzenesulfonohydrazide (CBBSH) molecules modified with nafion matrix

        Abdullah M. Asiri,Mohammad M. Hussain,Muhammad N. Arshad,Mohammed M. Rahman 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.63 No.-

        A set of (E)-N′-chlorobenzylidene-benzenesulfonohydrazide (CBBSH) molecules were synthesized using a condensation method from the derivatives of chlorobenzaldehyde and benzenesulfonylhydrazine in a medium yield which crystallized in EtOH. CBBSH derivatives were characterized using highly refined spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, FESEM, and UV–Vis. Structure of the CBBSH compounds was confirmed using a single crystal X-ray diffraction technique (SCXRDT) and applied for the potential detection of selective heavy metal ion (HMI), manganese ion (Mn2+) by using reliable electrochemical method. A small layer of CBBSH was deposited onto a smooth GCE with coating binder in order to modify a sensitive and selective Mn2+ sensor. Analytical parameters such as sensitivity, LOD, LOQ of the modified sensor (3-CBBSH/GCE) toward Mn2+ were calculated from the calibration curve (CC) as 1270.0 pA μM−1 cm−2, ≈10.0 pM, and 335.0 mM respectively. This prospective 3-CBBSH/GCE sensor used to the selective measurement of Mn2+ in spiked real samples for example industrial effluent and various water samples (red sea, surface, and tap), and found acceptable and rational results.

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