Synthesis and Properties of Arylacetylene Resins with Siloxane Units

Gao, Fei,Zhang, Lingling,Tang, Lemin,Zhang, Jian,Zhou, Yan,Huang, Farong,Du, Lei Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.4

A series of arylacetylene resins with siloxane units were synthesized by the condensation reactions of m-diethynylbenzene magnesium reagents with various $\alpha,\omega$-bis(chloro)dimethylsiloxanes. These resins are liquids and are miscible with common organic solvents at room temperature. The structures of the resins were characterized by FT-IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, $^{29}Si$ NMR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal behaviors of the resins were examined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These resins have good processability. They can be thermally cross-linked through the ethynyl groups to produce cured resins. The thermal and thermooxidative stabilities of the cured resins were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The cured resins possess high thermal and thermooxidative stability. Their decomposition occurs at above $500^{\circ}C$ in both $N_2$ and air. With increasing the length of siloxane units in the resins, the thermal stability of the cured resins decreases in $N_2$. When the cured resins were sintered above $1450^{\circ}C$ under argon, hard and glassy SiOC ceramics were obtained. These SiOC ceramics have the decomposition temperatures at 5% weight loss above $800^{\circ}C$ in air.

The nonlinear absorption of graphene oxide water solution in femtosecond regime

Lingling Ran,Zhijun Chai,Yachen Gao,Wenzhi Wu,Qing Chang,Degui Kong 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.9

The nonlinear absorption properties of graphene oxide water solution were investigated with femtosecond pulses using Z-scan and pump-probe techniques at 800 nm wavelength. The researching results indicated that the nonlinear absorption of graphene oxide water solution include three parts: twophoton absorption of bound electrons from valence band, excited state absorption of electrons from the low energy state in conduction band and the excited state absorption of electrons from the bottom of conduction band. By theoretically fitting the experimental results, we got the two-photon absorption coefficient about b ¼ 3 1014 m/W, and the two excited state absorption cross section in the order of 1020 m2 and 1021 m2 respectively. In addition, the excited state lifetime of electron on the low energy state of conduction band was obtained. The investigation indicated that graphene oxide water solution is a good nonlinear optical material.

Synthesis and Properties of Arylacetylene Resins with Siloxane Units

Fei Gao,Lingling Zhang,Lemin Tang,Jian Zhang,Yan Zhou,Farong Huang,Lei Du 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.4

A series of arylacetylene resins with siloxane units were synthesized by the condensation reactions of m-diethynylbenzene magnesium reagents with various α,ω-bis(chloro)dimethylsiloxanes. These resins are liquids and are miscible with common organic solvents at room temperature. The structures of the resins were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR,13C NMR, 29Si NMR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal behaviors of the resins were examined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These resins have good processability. They can be thermally crosslinked through the ethynyl groups to produce cured resins. The thermal and thermooxidative stabilities of the cured resins were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The cured resins possess high thermal and thermooxidative stability. Their decomposition occurs at above 500 oC in both N2 and air. With increasing the length of siloxane units in the resins, the thermal stability of the cured resins decreases in N2. When the cured resins were sintered above 1450 oC under argon, hard and glassy SiOC ceramics were obtained. These SiOC ceramics have the decomposition temperatures at 5% weight loss above 800 oC in air.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the RIO atypical kinase family in plants

Qingsong Gao,Shuhui Xu,Xiayuan Zhu,Lingling Wang,Zefeng Yang,Xiangxiang Zhao 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.6

Members of the right open reading frame (RIO) atypical kinase family are present in all three domains of life. In eukaryotes, three subfamilies have been identified: RIO1, RIO2, and RIO3. Studies have shown that the yeast and human RIO1 and RIO2 kinases are essential for the biogenesis of small ribosomal subunits. Thus far, RIO3 has been found only in multicellular eukaryotes. In this study, we systematically identified members of the RIO gene family in 37 species representing the major evolutionary lineages in Viridiplantae. A total of 84 RIO genes were identified; among them, 41 were classified as RIO1 and 43 as RIO2. However, no RIO3 gene was found in any of the species examined. Phylogenetic trees constructed for plant RIO1 and RIO2 proteins were generally congruent with the species phylogeny. Subcellular localization analyses showed that the plant RIO proteins were localized mainly in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm. Expression profile analysis of rice, maize, and Arabidopsis RIO genes in different tissues revealed similar expression patterns between RIO1 and RIO2 genes, and their expression levels were high in certain tissues. In addition, the expressions of plant RIO genes were regulated by two drugs: mycophenolic acid and actinomycin D. Function prediction using genome-wide coexpression analysis revealed that most plant RIO genes may be involved in ribosome biogenesis. Our results will be useful for the evolutionary analysis of the ancient RIO kinase family and provide a basis for further functional characterization of RIO genes in plants.

Changes in element accumulation, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidative enzyme activities in the red-skin roots of Panax ginseng

Ying Zhou,Zhenming Yang,Lingling Gao,Wen Liu,Rongkun Liu,Junting Zhao,Jiangfeng You 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease’s origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbateeglutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of H2O2 and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbateeglutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

Changes in element accumulation, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidative enzyme activities in the red-skin roots of Panax ginseng

Zhou, Ying,Yang, Zhenming,Gao, Lingling,Liu, Wen,Liu, Rongkun,Zhao, Junting,You, Jiangfeng The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease's origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of $H_2O_2$ and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of $\text\tiny L$-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

Towards an Analysis of Passive Attacks on Anonymous Communication Systems

Tianbo Lu,Pan Gao,Lingling Zhao,Yang Li,Wan Jiang Han 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.8

Ion Exchange Synthesis of Bi2MoO6/BiOI Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Degradation and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Linlin Fan,Bo Wei,Lingling Xu,Yang Liu,Wanlu Cao,Ning Ma,Hong Gao 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.8

In this study, flower-like Bi2MoO6/BiOI heterostructure photocatalysts were synthesized via an anion exchange method using BiOI as precursor. The composition of Bi2MoO6/BiOI can be easily controlled by adjusting the MoO2- 4 /I- molar ratio. Photocatalytic activity studies based on the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) show that Bi2MoO6/BiOI = 50% photocatalyst exhibited the best performance under visible light excitation. The radical scavengers test demonstrated that holes was the main reactive species for the degradation of RhB, and O2- also took part in the photodecomposition process. Photoelectrochemical measurement reveals that the Bi2MoO6/ BiOI = 50% exhibit enhanced carrier densities, charge separation and photocurrent compared with the original Bi2MoO6 and BiOI. Our results show that bismuth-based heterojunctions fabricated through the anion exchange method could be a cost-effective approach to improve the photocatalytic activity and photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI.

Remote sensing of early-stage green tide in the Yellow Sea for floating-macroalgae collecting campaign

Xing, Qianguo,Wu, Lingling,Tian, Liqiao,Cui, Tingwei,Li, Lin,Kong, Fanzhou,Gao, Xuelu,Wu, Mengquan Elsevier 2018 Marine pollution bulletin Vol.133 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The world's largest green tide originated from the Jiangsu Shoal of the Yellow Sea was due to fast reproduction of floating green macroalgae (<I>Ulva prolifera</I>). It brought significant impacts on marine environment and ecosystem in the Yellow Sea. In this study, we examined the expansion of green tide from the Jiangsu Shoal during the period from 29 April to 25 June 2016. Using high-resolution satellite images, we revealed a declined growth rate during the northward drifting of early-stage green tide for the first time, i.e., the green tide had higher growth rate (up to 25% per day) in the turbid waters of the Jiangsu Shoal in May and a lower growth rate (low to 3% per day) in the relatively clear waters in the middle of the western Yellow Sea in June, which suggests that water clarity might not be the key factor controlling the growth rate of the floating macroalgae in the surface waters under natural conditions. The high growth rate led to shortened time windows for controlling the green tide by employing macroalgae collecting campaigns at the initial sites of the green tide, which was no more than 14 days in the 2016 case.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Using high-resolution satellite image for detecting early-stage green tide </LI> <LI> Found changing growth rate of green tide </LI> <LI> Assessed the countermeasure of collecting floating-macroalgae at the initial sites </LI> </UL> </P>

Identification and Expression Patterns of fvexpl1, an Expansin-Like Protein-Encoding Gene, Suggest an Auxiliary Role in the Stipe Morphogenesis of Flammulina velutipes

( Qianhui Huang ),( Xing Han ),( Irum Mukhtar ),( Lingling Gao ),( Rongmei Huang ),( Liping Fu ),( Junjie Yan ),( Yongxin Tao ),( Bingzhi Chen ),( Baogui Xie ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.4

Expansins are cell wall proteins that mediate cell wall loosening and promote specific tissue and organ morphogenesis in plants and in some microorganisms. Unlike plant expansins, the biological functions of fungal expansin-like proteins have rarely been discussed. In the present study, an expansin-like protein-encoding fvexpl1 gene, was identified from Flammulina velutipes by using local BLAST. It consisted of five exons with a total length of 822 bp. The deduced protein FVEXPL1 contained 274 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of 28,589 Da and pH 4.93, respectively. The first 19 amino acids from the N terminal are the signal peptide. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple protein alignment indicated FVEXPL1 was an expansin-like protein. The expression level of fvexpl1 gene in the stipe was significantly higher than that in the mycelia, primordia, and cap. However, the expression level of fvexpl1 gene was significantly higher in the fast elongation region of the stipe as compared with the slow elongation region. Expression analysis indicated that fvexpl1 gene might have an auxiliary role in the stipe morphogenesis of F. velutipes.