레진재료의 결합을 위한 복합레진 수복물의 최적표면처리법에 관한 연구

임호남,최호영 대한치과기재학회 1997 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Composite resin repair requires strong bond strength between the new and old materials. The objective of the current study was to identify the optimal treatments for sufficient bond strengths. Bondings between same kinds of a light curing composite were tested. Surface treatments included the sand-blasting, the acid etching and the coating of bonding agent. Five kinds cased of combinations from three kinds of methods were experimented and compared with a control group of which surfaces were highly polished. Measurements of shear bond strength and observations of surface morphologic changes using a scanning electron microscope were done. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. Sandblasting with 6㎏/㎠ compressed air pressure followed by coating the bonding agent on the composite resin surface exhibited the highest shear bond strength for repair. 2. Compressed air pressure between 4㎏/㎠ and 6㎏/㎠ were effective for repair of composite. 3. Bonding agent should be used after the acid etching technique, and for bonding agent, acid etchants such as 5% hydrofluoric acid and APF gel with 90 seconds treatment time were recommended for repair of composite. 4. 5% hydrofluoric acid as one of lower concentration were more effective and recommended than 9.6% hydrofluoric acid.

保護者의 口腔保健官理態度와 乳齒列期 兒童의 齒苔指數와의 關係에 關한 硏究

林光昊,金南洪 大韓小兒齒科學會 1984 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between parents attitudes toward their children's dental health and dental plaque index. Dental plaque index was obtained through oral examination of 118 children(female 40, male 78) with primary dentition. The maintenance status of children's dental health though parents' aids was evaluated by means of questionaire to which 79 persons among the 118 children's parents answered. The results were as follows: 1. In children with primary dentition, toothbrushing together with toothbrushing instruction and continuous reinforcement had decreased plaque accumulation progressively. 2. Dental plaque index before toothbrushing showed that dental plaque was accumulated more in the buccal surfaces of teeth in the maxilla and in the lingual surfaces of teeth in the mandible. It was higher in the posterior teeth than in the anterior teeth and in the maxillary teeth than in the mandibular teeth. 3. Dental plaque index of children was inversely proportional to the level of education of their parents. 4. Those parents who have much knowledge of oral hygiene were more positive toward their children's oral hygiene.

카복실레이트 시멘트의 결합을 위한 상아질의 불소처리에 관한 연구

임호남 大韓齒科器材學會 1994 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Fluoride treatment of dentin surface can offer the expectations for the increase of bond strength carboxylate cements due to the increase of inorganic contents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influences of the concentrations and the application time of NaF solutions on the bond strength. Bovine teeth of the lower central incisors were abraded to be exposed to smooth and flat dentin surfaces. Polycarboxylate cements were classified and experimented as a SnF₂contained one and a NaF contained one. The concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and the application time of 2, 5, 8, 10 minutes were used. Total numbers of experimental groups were 32. Shear bond strengths of each groups were measured and used to determine the influences of concentrations and application time on those measurements. Bond strengths were increased by the higher concentrations of NaF solutions. At the aspect of the application time, groups of 8 minute treatment showed the highest bond strength. A polycarboxylate cement containing SnF₂exhibited the higher bond strength than that of a NaF contained one.

변위된 미맹출 상악 견치의 교정 치험례 : CASE REPORT

임혜정,최남기,김선미,양규호 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

상악 견치는 가장 긴 치근을 가지며 저작기능과 함께 하악의 측방운동을 유도하고 심미적으로도 치열궁의 구각부위에 위치하여 교합관계의 조화와 대칭을 유지하는 등의 중요한 기능을 수행한다. 상악 견치는 발육기간이 가장 길며 형성되어 맹출하기까지 복잡한 경로를 갖기 때문에 다른 치아보다 매복의 빈도가 높다. 이러한 매복치를 치료하기 위해 임상의는 관찰을 하거나 외과적 노출과 교정적 견인, 자가치아이식, 발치 등 다양한 치료방법을 고려할 수 있다. 외과적 노출과 교정치료는 견치를 교합선상에 배치할 수 있기 때문에 가장 이상적인 접근으로 생각할 수 있다. 본 증례 보고는 구개측으로 매복된 상악 견치를 외과적 노출과 교정적 치아이동을 통해 기능적, 심미적으로 양호한 결과를 얻었다. The maxillary canine is especially important as it has the longest root, provides guidance for lateral movement of the mandible and masticatory function and is a key in esthetics due to its position. Maxillary canine has the longest time to develop and a complex route from the place of formation to the site of eruption, and so it is prone to impaction more than other teeth. The clinician should consider the various treatment options : (a) No treatment and observation, (b) surgical exposure and orthodontic traction (c) autotransplantation (d) extraction. Surgical exposure of the canine and orthodontic treatment to bring the tooth into the line of occlusion is considered the most desirable approach. This case presents the results of treatment for impacted maxillary canine by surgical exposure and orthodontic tooth movement.

부산 황령산의 개미 분포상

임남기,문두호 釜山大學校 師範大學 2003 교사교육연구 Vol.42 No.-

부산의 도심에 위치한 황령산의 개미상을 조사하기 위하여 2002년 5월부터 2002년 9월까지 3개의 사면(동북사면, 남사면, 서북사면)으로 나누어 각 사면별로 4회씩 총 12회를 채집하였으며, 발견된 총 콜로니 1176개를 관찰·동정하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 황령산 일대의 총 종 구성은 4과 19속 33종이었고, 우점종으로는 주름개미(Tetramorium caespitum)로서 상대풍부도가 27.9%로 가장 많았다. 아과별로는 두마디개미아과(MYRMICINAE)의 개미가 10속 15종으로 가장 많이 서식하고 있었다. 2. 황령산 개미의 수직적 종 분포를 살펴보면 총 19속 33종 중에서 하층부(70m-219m)에서 15속 19종, 중층부(220m-319m)에서 8속 11종, 상층면에서 15속 23종이 채집이 되었으며, 상층부(320m-428m)에서 상대적으로 종이 풍부하였다. 3. 황령산의 남사면과 서북사면에서 왕주름개미(Tetramorium bicarinatum)가 이번 조사에서 채집되어 우리나라에 서식하고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 또한 경상남도 미 기록종인 북방왕개미(Camponotus herculeanus sachalinensis)와 황장다리개미(Aphaenogaster famelica)가 동북사면에서 채집이 되었다. 4. 황령산의 개미군집의 종 다양도 지수는 3.48 이었고, 종 풍부도는 4.53 이었고, 종 우점도는 0.42로 나타났다. 한편 종 유사도는 동북사면과 남사면간이 0.94로 가장 높게 나타났다. This thesis intends to investigate the ants' faunas of Mt. Hwangryeong located in downtown Busan. For this purpose, samples were collected twelve times in total, four times for the three different slopes(north-east, south and north-west) respectively from May 2002 through September 2002. In addition, samples were classified three different levels(upper, middle and bottom) in terms of vertical altitudes according to each relevant slopes. The observation and classification of 1176 colonies found from the different slopes of the mountain are as following; 1. It turns out that there are 4 families, 19 genus and 33 species in total throughout the mountain, and Tetramorium caespitun as a dominant is relatively abundant up to 27.9 percent. Ants belonging to the family of MYRMICINAE are distributed in the highest density of 10 genus and 15 species. 2. From the perspective of vertical distribution to the altitudes of the mountains, there are 19 genus and 33 species, among them 15 genus and 19 species in the bottom level(70m-219m), 8 genus and 11 species in the middle 1evel(220m-319m) and relatively abundant 15 genus and 23 species in the upper level(320m-428m). 3. The fact that Tetramnrium bicarinatum was found both in the southern and north-west slopes of the mountains was identified as the ant living in Korea. Besides both Camponotus hercuteanus sachalinensis and Aphaenogaster fametica which were not collected in the Kyungnam province are found in the north-east slope of Mt. Hwangryeong. 4. An analysis on the community's structures shows that diversity index is 3.48, richness index is 4.53 and dominant index is 0.42, while the similarity index is the highest(0.94) both in the north-east and southern slopes.

치아우식증 수복용 북합레진의 개발과 치아 적합성에 관한 연구 제1편 : 치과용 복합레진의 개발과 기계적 성질의 평가에 관한 연구

임호남,박상진,김형찬 大韓齒科器材學會 1992 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

An esthetic and permanent restorative materials that could be placed directly into the cavities prepared in anterior teeth would be an important contribution to dental practice and public well-being. This studies were planned to produce some experimental composite resins with the evaluation of literatures related to manufacture processes of it. It was assumed that through this studies we wish to get some fundamental data using for the domestic production of commercial dental composite resins with the confirmation of manufacturing process repoted by forein researchs, and to evaluate the physical properties of it. Summarized manufacturing process used in this studies include the synthesis of BIS-GMA inlaboratory, the silanization of fillers, and the its incorporation into prepared BIS-GMA resin to make two paste system. As a first research project, its usefulness as a composite resin and characteristics under the some experimental conditions were evaluated by the measurements of hardening time, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, and elastic modulus, and the observation of surface using SEM. Following conclusions were drawn: 1. Concentration control of initiator and accelerator from 2% to 4% resulted the working time ranged from 0.33 minutes to 1.00 minute and the setting time from 1.66 minute to 5 minutes. 2. Compressive strength of unfilled resins was highest on KM-33 specimens, diametral tensile strength were decreased by rise of accelerator contents, but it was increased by the rised content of initiator. 3. Higher storage temperature made all of experimental resins became excellent ones. 4. By the incorporation of filler, resins become harder and stronger with the higher values of measurement, but it was decreased by the long term immersion in water. 5. Both of filled and unfilled resins showed the higher dimetral tensile strength over each allowable values of American Dental Specification.

치과용 아말감 합금의 인장강도에 관한 연구

임호남,선우양국,김철위 대한치과기재학회 1984 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the diametral tensile strength of commercially available dental amalgams used in Korea. For this study, six kinds of Korean amalgams and nine kinds of imported amalgams were used. Diametral tensile test specimens were prepared in 4×8mm. stainless steel cylindrical molds and the prepared specimens were stored in 37±1℃ and 100% relative humidity conditions. Diametral tensile strength measurements were made on an Instron testing machine for five specimens, at 15 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days, using a cross head speed of 0.05mm/min. The results obtained in this study were as follows; 1. The diametral tensile strength of the high-copper amalgams were higher than that of the conventional amalgams. 2. The diametral tensile strength after fifteen minutes of Korean amalgams much better than the imported amalgams and the final diametral tensile strength of Korean products were also increased.

각종 산성 수용액이 상아세관의 개방형태와 HEMA 상아질접착제의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향

임호남 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This study was planned to evaluate the effect of acidic aqueous solutions unlike phosphoric acid on the dentin bonding. Acids such as phosphoric acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, and nitric acid, and EDTA were mixed with glycine, lysine, NPG, ferric oxalate or aluminum nitrate. 13 kinds of solutions were prepared, and its pH were measured. Observations of shapes of orifices of dential tubules on the external surface of dentin treated with experimental solutions and measurements of shear bond strengths between HEMA based dentin bonding agent and dentin treated were done. Following results and conclusion were drawn: 1. pH of pyruvic acid solutions were higher than that of traditional phosphric acid, EDTA showed the least decalcification of dentin, and glycine and lysine exhibited the buffer effects. 2. The highest shear bond strength was confirmed on 10% pyruvic acid group. 3. Incorporation of NPG into phosphoric acid, nitric acid, pyruvic acid did not induce the decrease of shear bond strength. 4. Co-relation between pH and shear bond strength was not confirmed, however in groups from a acid, the increase of pH made the decrease of shear bond strength. 5. Nitric acid containing NPG, phosphoric acid containing glycine, and pyruvic acid containing lysine showed the closing of orifices of dental tubules without the dcrease of shear bond strength. It could be assumed that pyruvic acid is excellant one than traditional phosphoric acid, and that NPG, glycine and lysine can be used as closing agent for dentinal tubules without the loss of shear bond strength, and a desensitizing agent.

초등학교 과학교실 및 과학동아리 관련 현장 조사 및 프로그램 개발 모형 설정

임청환,김남일,권성기,고한중,이성호 한국과학교육학회 2005 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 과학 교실 및 과학반, 과학동아리 활동과 관련하여 일선 학교 현장에서는 어떤 문제점을 갖고 있으며 어떤 요구가 있는지 조사연구를 통해 알아보고 그 결과를 바탕으로 활동 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 개발 모형을 제시하는 것이었다. 146개 초등학교의 과학 관련 교사를 대상으로 설문 조사하였으며 조사결과, 교사들은 다양한 문제점과 해결 덜'간을 제시하였는데 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 다양한 과학 활동에 대한 행·재정적 지원이 절실히 필요하다. 둘째, 과학비전공 교사도 쉽게 다룰 수 있는 활동 프로그램의 제공이 필요하다. 셋째, 재미있는 활동으로 구성된 프로그램이 있어야 한다. 넷째, 프로그램은 준비가 용이한 활동으로 이루어져야 한다. 다섯째, 탐구 활동 중심의 평가 방법이 제시되어야 한다. 이러한 조사 결과를 바탕으로, 교사, 학생, 운영 환경을 축으로 하는 프로그램 개발 맥락을 설정하고 주제 설정, 활동구성, 차시구성, 활동지 구성, 교사용 지침서 구성의 단계로 이루어진 개발 모형을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of elementary school teachers on extra-science programs and to suggest development model for extra-science program. Survey research was conducted on 146 science-related teachers all over the country. As the result, teachers presented several problems and solutions on extra-science activities and programs. The suggestions from the results are as follows. First, more administrative and financial supports are required. Second, it must be the programs with which any teachers, regardless of their major fields, can execute easily. Third, the programs should be interesting for students to do. Fourth, it should be easy to prepare activities and materials, Finally, the inquiry-focused assessment method should be presented in each program. Based on these suggestions, the context of development of programs was established. Three axises of, students, teachers, and environment, were included in the context. The model of development of programs was set up based on the context. It was constructed with six process steps, Confirmation of theme, Composition of work frame, Organization of each period, Worksheets for students, Guidebook for teachers, Completion, and one or two assessment criteria in each process steps. It must be useful to development of extra-science programs that is appropriate to the need of teachers.

치아 우식증 수복용 복합레진의 개발과 치아 적합성에 관한 연구 제 2 편 : 치아와의 결합양상 및 적합성에 관한 연구

임호남,민병순,신제원 大韓齒科器材學會 1992 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study was the evaluations of bonding behavior of experimental resins (KM-22) to acid etched enamel and surface treated dentin using shear bond strength and microleakage test. Enamel surfaces etched with various concentrated phosphoric acid and dentin surface treated with ferric compound were bonded with resin materials and used to measure the shear bond strength between them. To test the microleakage, tooth etched and filled with resins were cross cut and observed the degree of penetration of dye into interfaces. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. All of phosphoric diluted with various concentrations etching the enamel surfaces increased the shear bond strength of experimental resins to enamel, and acid concentrations over 30% did not make the significant higher bond strength of resins to etched enamel with it. 2. Some pretreatment of dentin smear layers increased the shear bond strength between dentin and resins. 3. Substantial leakage occurs around unetched composite restorations, and the filler added experimental resins showed the decresed penetration of the dye. 4. From dentin surfaces treated with EDTA, removal of smear layers and exposure of dentinal tubules were confirmed, but dentinal tubules of ferric oxalate treated dentin were occluded with some crystals regarded as precipitates.