二十四史의 名稱에 對한 試解

楊聯陞 충남대학교 사학회 1987 忠南史學 Vol.2 No.-

Effects of Chromium Propionate Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Traits and Immune Response in Weaned Pigs

Lien, T.-F.,Yang, K.-H.,Lin, K.-J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.3

This study investigated the effects of chromium propionate on growth performance, serum traits and immune response in weaned pigs. Twenty-four 4 wk-old crossbred weanling pigs (initial body weight about 9.52${\pm}$0.48 kg) were randomly allotted into one of two groups, a control group (basal diet), chromium propionate group (diet supplemented with 200 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ (ppb) of chromium propionate). This experiment was conducted over nine weeks. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 100 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ BW was used as the stress-inducing agent in the middle (4 wks) and final (8 wks) periods. The experimental results indicated that chromium propionate had no effect on growth performance (p>0.05). Chromium propionate supplementation reduced the percentage of LDL+VLDL (low and very low-density lipoprotein) and increased HDL (high-density lipoprotein), but did not affect other serum traits. Pigs supplemented with chromium propionate had higher antibody titers specific for sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and serum total globulin relative to the control during the final period (p<0.05). A challenge with LPS increased white blood cells in the chromium propionate group in both experimental periods (p<0.05). The chromium propionate group exhibited higher IgG and $\gamma$-globulin than the control during the middle experimental period (p<0.05). Moreover, the PHA (phytohemagglutinin) challenge result in the chromium propionate group was better than the control group (p=0.056). Greater neutrophil activity was displayed than in the control (p<0.05). This suggests that chromium propionate supplementation benefited the weaned pigs in lipoprotein and immune response.

Synthesis and Conformation of Novel 4'-Fluorinated 5'-Deoxythreosyl Phosphonic Acid Nucleosides as Antiviral Agents

Lien Kang,김은애,최은주,유진철,이원재,홍준희 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12

Efficient synthetic route to novel 4'-fluorinated 5'-deoxythreosyl phosphonic acid nucleosides was described from glyceraldehyde using Horner-Emmons reaction in the presence of triethyl α-fluorophosphonoacetate. Glycosylation reaction of nucleosidic bases with glycosly donor 14 gave the nucleosides which were further phosphonated and hydrolyzed to reach desired nucleoside analogues. Synthesized nucleoside analogues 18, 21, 25 and 28 were tested for anti-HIV activity as well as cytotoxicity. Adenine derivatives 18 and 21 showed significant anti-HIV activity up to 100 μM.

Resource-Optimal Licensed-Assisted Access in Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks With Heterogeneous Carrier Communications

Lien, Shao-Yu,Cheng, Shin-Ming,Chen, Kwang-Cheng,Kim, Dong In IEEE 2016 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.65 No.12

<P>To support a tremendous amount of traffic demands via wireless access in 2020 and beyond, limited bandwidth of the licensed bands has been a major obstacle to boosting further the capacity of wireless services. To fundamentally break through this predicament, an emerging technology known as heterogeneous carrier communications has been launched into standardization in the form of licensed-assisted access (LAA) to the unlicensed bands. Integrating the heterogeneous cloud radio access networks and carrier aggregation, and although LAA-empowered cellular networks gain wider bandwidth from the unlicensed bands, communications may suffer from intersystem interference. To avoid interference, listen-before-talk has been designated as a mandatory function; however, it leads to significant challenges of the hidden-terminal problem. To address this open issue in LAA, in this paper, we consequently propose a resource-optimal scheme using a minimum amount of replicated radio resources to achieve the most essential latency guarantees for real-time applications. To further support non-real-time applications, a new resource control as well as the mathematical architecture inspired by so-called political communications is proposed to furthermaximize the throughput of packet delivery. Our scheme not only optimizes resource utilization in time and spatial domains but also suggests optimum energy efficiency and computation efficiency, to successfully deploy cellular networks on the unlicensed bands.</P>

Configurable 3GPP Licensed Assisted Access to Unlicensed Spectrum

Lien, Shao-Yu,Chien, Chun-Che,Tsai, Hua-Lung,Liang, Ying-Chang,Kim, Dong In Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2016 IEEE wireless communications Vol.23 No.6

<P>An emerging issue in the development of next generation mobile networks originates in the shortage of available licensed spectrum. This increasing demand for a large amount of bandwidth has recently driven the development of new technologies to utilize unlicensed spectrum. In 2015, 3GPP launched the standardization activity to deploy LTE-A networks on the 5 GHz unlicensed bands using licensed assisted access. To fully understand this crucial technology, in this article, we provide a comprehensive overview on the standardization of licensed assisted access, and raise specific open issues. Configurable radio operations to eliminate the transmission inefficiency and radio access inefficiency in licensed assisted access and a game-theoretic pricing strategy on the licensed and unlicensed bands are further proposed. The provided insights consequently strengthen knowledge of the practice of licensed assisted access.</P>

TRANSPOSIBLE MEMORY ARCHITECTURE

Lien, Y. C.,Chappell, B. A. 대한전자공학회 1989 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.1 No.1

This paper describes the design of a transposable memory architecture for providing equally fast access to stored data in two or more dimensions. This architecture is provided by orthogonal wiring of access devices, word lines and bit lines with independent random accessing capability for data in each direction. The transposable memory architecture(TMA) cell directly implements the TMA architecture using only one access device per dimension of accesses. The read and write operations described provided access and cycle times approximately equivalent to those for a convention one-dimension RAM.

Fintech and Banking: Evidence from Vietnam

LIEN, Nguyen Thi Kim,DOAN, Thu-Trang Thi,BUI, Toan Ngoc Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.9

The paper focuses on understanding fintech and the application of fintech in the banking sector in Vietnam. To solve this research objective, the authors analyze fintech development trends, especially the fintech application in the banking sector in Vietnam. To improve the quality of fintech services at banks, the authors conducted consideration of factors affecting customers' intention to use fintech services. To accomplish this, the authors collected data through a survey of 620 customers of the banks located in Ho Chi Minh City - the largest economic center in Vietnam. For the analytical method, the authors used multivariate regression to estimate the research model. Research results show that fintech service is very important for the banking sector in Vietnam. Moreover, this paper has achieved great success by identifying the factors that influence customers' intention to use fintech services. Accordingly, the intention to use fintech (INT) services is positively affected by the perception of usefulness (PU), social impact (SI), customer trust (TRU), and perceived ease of use (PEU). Based on the results of this study, bank managers will have a basis to improve the quality of fintech services. Not only that, the results of this study are also valuable for policymakers and researchers.

Factors Impacting Tourism Demand: An Analysis of 10 ASEAN Countries

Lien Phuong NGUYEN,Ha Thu NGUYEN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.1

This study investigates the effect of infrastructure, economic sectors and its status, foreign direct investment and private investment, as well as the role of political stability in enhancing the tourism demand in the ASEAN region. The research collected the secondary data from the World Bank database and the UNWTO website of 10 ASEAN countries over 17 years from 2000 to 2016. Applying the generalized method of moments, this research found that, “private investment”, “economic sectors”, “exchange rate and infrastructure measured by “using of the internet” can increase the tourism demand of a country in the ASEAN region. This research provided evidence indicating that the “foreign direct investment” and “inflation” are two detrimental factors for tourist attraction. The major finding confirmed the positive role of “political stability” in increasing tourist arrivals. First, attracting tourists to a country always poses many challenges to its government. It has been observed in the past decades that though there were many documents, which confirmed that industry can help in promoting tourism, very few studies investigated the role of both agriculture and manufacturing sectors in tourism promotion. Secondly, there are only a few studies which verifies the stability of the political system to the tourism demand in the ASEAN region and that this variable (political stability) has the strongest impact.

Effects of Propylene Glycol on Milk Production, Serum Metabolites and Reproductive Performance during the Transition Period of Dairy Cows

Lien, T.F.,Chang, L.B.,Horng, Y.M.,Wu, Chean-Ping Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.3

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an oral drench of propylene glycol (PG) on milk production, serum metabolites and reproductive performance during the transition period of animals. Twenty-four 2-3 multiparous Holstein cows (average body weight 565 kg, body condition score about 3.6, at the $9^{th}$ month of gestation) were selected, blocked, and then randomly assigned into a PG and a control group. The control and the PG group cows were orally drenched with water or 50 ml sugarcane molasses mixed with 500 ml PG from 7 days pre-partum to 30 days post-partum, respectively. Experimental results indicated that the oral drench PG had no effect on dry matter intake (DMI). The milk yield of the PG group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05), whereas milk fat content, milk protein and somatic cell counts (SCC) were not significantly different between groups. Concentration of plasma glucose in the PG group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). Conversely, the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the PG group were lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Concentrations of insulin and ketone bodies were not significantly difference between groups. Body condition score (BCS) in the PG group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). In reproductive performance there was no difference between groups. The experimental results indicate that supplementation of PG during the transition period of dairy cows can supply energy rapidly, resulting in reduced catabolism of body tissue and increased milk yield.

The Relationship between Brand-program Congruency and Purchase Intention

( Liening Cheng ),( Seungmo Kim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2016 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.28 No.2

The main purposes of the current study were 1) to understand the perceptions of consumers toward congruency levels for a placed brand based on the type of movie and gender of endorser and 2) to examine the relationship between consumers` perceptions of congruency and purchase intention to have a successful sport media sponsorship. A total of 200 participants completed the questionnaires. The results revealed consumers had higher perceptions of congruency for a sportswear brand placed in a sports program than in a non-sports program. This study also found the positive association between congruency and purchase intention.