Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: a review of patents from 2011 to the present

Yang, Yanyan,Yu, Tao,Lian, Yu-ji,Ma, Rujun,Yang, Sungjae,Cho, Jae Youl Informa UK, Ltd. 2015 Expert opinion on therapeutic patents Vol.25 No.1

<P><B><I>Introduction:</I></B> Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a family of enzymes that play an essential role in synthesizing nitric oxide (NO) by oxidizing <SMALL>L</SMALL>-arginine. As previously reported, NO is a significant mediator in cellular signaling pathways. It serves as a crucial regulator in insulin secretion, vascular tone, peristalsis, angiogenesis, neural development and inflammation. Due to its important role, the inhibition of these vital enzymes provides, as tools, the opportunity to gain an insight into potential therapeutic applications targeting NOSs.</P><P><B><I>Areas covered:</I></B> This paper reviews the patent literature between 2011 and mid-2014 that specified inhibitors of NOS family members as the significant targets. Google and Baidu search engines were used to find relevant patents and clinical information using NOSs or NOS inhibitor as search terms.</P><P><B><I>Expert opinion:</I></B> Considerable recent progress has been made in the development of NOS inhibitors with pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and such development is likely to continue. The patented compounds attenuated mostly embodying evidence from <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> trials that demonstrate good potential for future clinical human trials and industrial applications. Furthermore, new techniques such as X-ray ligand crystallographic study and structure-activity relationship were popularly utilized, which give new insights for developing novel, safe, efficient and selective NOS inhibitors.</P>

Acupuncture for the Elsberg Syndrome Secondary to Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection: a Case Report and Brief Review

Yang Lian-Sheng,Zhang Kun,Zhou Dan-Feng,Zheng Shu-Zhen,Zhang Jin 사단법인약침학회 2022 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.15 No.2

Elsberg syndrome (ES) is an infectious syndrome presenting with variable signs of acute lumbosacral radiculomyelitis. Its low recognition rate leads to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment. Thus, some ES patients may develop neurological sequelae. This case described a 74-year-old woman complained of urinary retention, constipation, and sacral numbness after herpes zoster in the perianal area. She was diagnosed with ES and accepted conventional drug treatments and urethral catheterization. The treatment was ineffective; therefore, she accepted electroacupuncture six times and her symptoms completely disappeared, with no recurrence of neurological disorders during 1-year follow-up. This shows that acupuncture is a safe and effective alternative therapy for ES. Nonetheless, further prospective studies are necessary to prove its efficacy in ES.

A Suspicious Breast Lesion Detected by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Pathologically Confirmed as Capillary Hemangioma: a Case Report and Literature Review

Lian-He Yang,Shuang Ma,Qing-Chang Li,Hong-Tao Xu,Xin Wang,En-Hua Wang 대한영상의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.14 No.6

Breast capillary hemangioma is a type of benign vascular tumor which is rarely seen. Little is known about its presentation on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Here, we describe a case of suspicious breast lesion detected by DCE-MRI and pathologically confirmed as capillary hemangioma. Our case indicates that a small mass with a superficial location, clear boundary, and homogeneous enhancement on DCE-MRI indicates the possible diagnosis of hemangioma, whereby even the lesion presents a washout type curve.

Comparison of Two Cases of Strong Increase in the Bottom Temperature in the Yellow Sea in Winter

Lian-Gang Lü,Guang-Bing Yang,Zong-Wei Liu,Ying Jiang,Chunmei Yang,Chao Zhang 한국해양과학기술원 2015 Ocean science journal Vol.50 No.3

Mooring observations were carried out on the western slope of the southern Yellow Sea (YS) to observe the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC). Strong increases in the bottom temperature (about 3°C within 1 day) were observed at mooring M5 (shelf break) on 8 January 2007, and at mooring A2 (mid-slope) on 5 December 2008. The strong temperature increase of bottom water at M5 was closely related to the burst of the YSWC. The bottom temperature at mooring A2 increased and decreased alternately from 7 November to 14 December 2008, and the strong increase (about 3°C within 1 day) occurring on 5 December was one of the four rises during that period. The significant semi-diurnal-oscillation during that period indicated that the thermal fronts outlining the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) boundary was very close to location A2. The notable rises in the bottom temperature at A2 were associated with bottom eastward currents, while the distinct falls in temperature coincide with bottom westward currents. The distinctive distribution in the bottom temperature associated with the YSCWM and the bottom eastward currents were mainly responsible for the strong increase in the bottom temperature at A2. The variations in the bottom temperature described here are valuable for understanding the time evolution of the YSWC in winter and the YSCWM from late autumn to early winter.

The refined theory of 2D quasicrystal deep beams based on elasticity of quasicrystals

Yang Gao,Lian-Ying Yu,Lian-Zhi Yang,Liang-Liang Zhang 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.53 No.3

Based on linear elastic theory of quasicrystals, various equations and solutions for quasicrystal beams are deduced systematically and directly from plane problem of two-dimensional quasicrystals. Without employing ad hoc stress or deformation assumptions, the refined theory of beams is explicitly established from the general solution of quasicrystals and the Lur’e symbolic method. In the case of homogeneous boundary conditions, the exact equations and exact solutions for beams are derived, which consist of the fourth-order part and transcendental part. In the case of non-homogeneous boundary conditions, the exact governing differential equations and solutions under normal loadings only and shear loadings only are derived directly from the refined beam theory, respectively. In two illustrative examples of quasicrystal beams, it is shown that the exact or accurate analytical solutions can be obtained in use of the refined theory.

The refined theory of 2D quasicrystal deep beams based on elasticity of quasicrystals

Gao, Yang,Yu, Lian-Ying,Yang, Lian-Zhi,Zhang, Liang-Liang Techno-Press 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.53 No.3

Based on linear elastic theory of quasicrystals, various equations and solutions for quasicrystal beams are deduced systematically and directly from plane problem of two-dimensional quasicrystals. Without employing ad hoc stress or deformation assumptions, the refined theory of beams is explicitly established from the general solution of quasicrystals and the Lur'e symbolic method. In the case of homogeneous boundary conditions, the exact equations and exact solutions for beams are derived, which consist of the fourth-order part and transcendental part. In the case of non-homogeneous boundary conditions, the exact governing differential equations and solutions under normal loadings only and shear loadings only are derived directly from the refined beam theory, respectively. In two illustrative examples of quasicrystal beams, it is shown that the exact or accurate analytical solutions can be obtained in use of the refined theory.

Stress concentration factors test of reinforced concrete-filled tubular Y-joints under in-plane bending

Chao Yang,Jun-fen Yang,Mingzhou Su,Ming Lian 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.22 No.1

To study the stress concentration factors (SCFs) of concrete-filled tubular Y-joints subject to in-plane bending, experiments were used to investigate the hot spot stress distribution along the intersection between chord and brace. Three concrete-filled tubular chords forming Y-joints were tested with different reinforcing components, including doubler-plate, sleeve, and haunch-plate reinforcement. In addition, an unreinforced joint was also tested for comparison. Test results indicate that the three different forms of reinforcement effectively reduce the peak SCFs compared with the unreinforced joint. The current research suggests that the linear extrapolation method can be used for chords, whereas the quadratic extrapolation method must be used for braces. The SCF is effectively reduced and more evenly distributed when the value of the axial compression ratio in the chord is increased. Furthermore, the SCFs obtained from the test results were compared to predictions from some well-established SCF equations. Generally, the predictions from those equations are very consistent for braces, but very conservative for concretefilled chords.

Variations of SSU rDNA Group I Introns in Different Isolates of Cordyceps militaris and the Loss of an Intron during Cross-Mating

Tiantian Lian,Tao Yang,Junde Sun,Suping Guo,Huaijun Yang,Caihong Dong 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.8

Cordyceps militaris, the type species of genus Cordyceps, isone of the most popular mushrooms and a nutraceutical ineastern Asia. It is considered a model organism for thestudy of Cordyceps species because it can complete its lifecycle when cultured in vitro. In the present study, the occurrenceand sequence variation of SSU rDNA group I introns,Cmi.S943 and Cmi.S1199, among different isolatesof C. militaris were analyzed. Based on the secondary structurepredictions, the Cmi.S943 intron has been placed insubgroup IC1, and the Cmi.S1199 intron has been placedin subgroup IE. No significant similarity between Cmi.S943and Cmi.S1199 suggested different origins. Three genotypes,based on the frequency and distribution of introns, were describedto discriminate the 57 surveyed C. militaris strains. It was found that the genotype was related to the stromacharacteristics. The stromata of all of the genotype II strains,which possessed only Cmi.S943, could produce perithecium. In contrast, the stromata of all genotype III strains, whichhad both Cmi.S943 and Cmi.S1199, could not produce perithecium. Cmi.S1199 showed the lowest level of intra-specificvariation among the tested strains. Group I introns can belost during strain cross-mating. Therefore, we presumed thatduring cross-mating and recombination, intron loss could bedriven by positive Darwinian selection due to the energeticcost of transcribing long introns.

Closed-form solution of axisymmetric deformation of prestressed Föppl-Hencky membrane under constrained deflecting

Yong-Sheng Lian,Jun-Yi Sun,Jiao Dong,Zhou-Lian Zheng,Zhi-Xin Yang 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.69 No.6

In this study, the problem of axisymmetric deformation of prestressed Föppl-Hencky membrane under constrained deflecting was analytically solved and its closed-form solution was presented. The small-rotation-angle assumption usually adopted in membrane problems was given up, and the initial stress in membrane was taken into account. Consequently, this closed-form solution has higher calculation accuracy and can be applied for a wider range in comparison with the existing approximate solution. The presented numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the closed-form solution, and show the errors of the contact radius, profile and radial stress of membrane in the existing approximate solution brought by the small-rotation-angle assumption. Moreover, the influence of the initial stress on the contact radius is also discussed based on the numerical examples.

Some Further Results on Uniqueness of Entire Functions and Fixed Points

Liu, Yan,Yang, Lian-Zhong Department of Mathematics 2013 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.53 No.3

In this paper, we investigate the uniqueness problem on entire functions sharing fixed points (ignoring multiplicities). Our main results improve and generalize some results due to Zhang [13], Qi-Yang [10] and Dou-Qi-Yang [1].