과훈련이 청소년 축구선수의 기분 변화에 미치는 영향

이재용,정상택,김진구,이안수 한국스포츠심리학회 2002 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.13 No.3

장기적 과훈련은 경기력 저하는 물론 심리적으로도 부정적인 결과를 초래한다고 많은 연구들은 지적하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 단기적 과훈련에 따른 고등학교 축구선수들의 기분 변화를 조사하여 코치나 감독에게 선수지도에 유용한 정보를 제공하기 위함이다. 이 실험에 참가한 피험자는 25명이 고등학교 축구선수로 평균 운동경력은 3년9개월이었다. 피험자들은 1시간 30분, 3 시간, 그리고 4 시간 30분 조건에서 훈련 전후 측정되어졌다. 각 조건에서 훈련 시 발생했을 피로를 회복시키기 위해 조건간 측정 간격을 48시간으로 하였다. 기분 변화를 측정하기 위해 McAuley와 Courneya(1994)가 만든 주관적 운동 경험 척도(Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale : SEES)를 사용했다. SEES는 (1) 긍정적 행복감(positive well-being), (2) 심리적 부정스트레스(psychological distress), (3) 피로(fatigue) 등 3가지 영역에 12가지 항목을 기초로 하여 만들어 졌다. 본 연구결과 평상시(3시간)보다 훈련 양을 증가시켜 훈련을 시켰을 때 선수들의 심리적 부정 스트레스와 피로가 증가되었고 긍정적인 행복감은 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. It is well documented that athletes who overtrained definitely experience performance decrements as well as negative training adaptations. Therefore, to improve athletic performance, athletes must be optimally trained. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of overtraining on the psychological well-being, psychological distress and fatigue of high school soccer players. Twenty-five high school soccer players were participated in this study. Their ages ranged from 17 to 18, with a mean age of 17.2 years, and mean experience of 3 years and 9 months. All subjects participated in three different training session(1 hour 30 min, 3 hours, and 4 hours 30 min) in a row. The interval of each training session was two days. The Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale(SEES) was administrated to measure subjects' mood alteration before and after each training session. The results of this study indicated that subjects in the 4 hours and 30 min overtraining condition showed more increments in fatigue and psychological distress than the rest of two conditions. The results of this study also indicated that mood disturbance which may be a potential factor influencing performance increased significantly as the training load increased. Psychological responses to overtraining results in negative effects. The present study suggests that in order to improve athletic performance, coach should understand the negative effects of overtraining in terms of psychological functioning.

An Automated Microscope Ispection System for Inspecting the Status of Ball Spacer and Seal in the Cell Process of LCD Panel

Yoon-Gu Kim,Jinung An,Ki-Dong Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

In this paper the design and development of an automated microscope measurement system for inspecting the dispensing status of ball spacers and the printing status of seal in the cell process of LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) panel is introduced and explained. In the cell process of LCD production, it is a very important process to inspect in real-time, or in-line process whether the spacers are dispensed evenly in order to secure the fixed cell gap when assembling the upper and lower plate, and whether the seal is properly printed with a specified width so as to secure the attachment of both plates, the chamber of liquid crystal, and the standard boundary gap. We have therefore developed an automated microscope system to perform the above-mentioned inspections that may determine the quality of LCD product through on the spot. We have verified the performance and efficiency of the developed inspection system through the installation and operation in in-line process of LCD panel production.

Physicochemical Properties and Freshness of Spent Hen's Meat under Frozen or Refrigeration Conditions after Thawing

Gu, Hyo-Jung,Gu, Ja-Gyeong,Park, Jung-Min,Yoon, Su-Jin,Lee, Jeong-Soo,An, Ji-Hui,Kim, Jang-Mi,An, Byoung-Ki,Kang, Chang-Won,Kim, Jin-Man Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.4

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of storage temperature abuse on the freshness of refrigerated and frozen spent hen's meat. After a room temperature storage condition, two different storage temperature were followed: refrigeration and frozen storage. All parts of the spent hen's meats were thawed at 4 d intervals up to 3 times (2, 6, and 10 d) for 24 h. The level of bacteria on the different parts of the refrigerated and frozen meats was higher than 6 Log CFU/g under the following storage conditions: refrigerated - breast, 12 h; leg, 6 h; wing, 12 h at the $1^{st}$ analysis, frozen - breast, 12 h at the $2^{nd}$ analysis; leg, 24 h at the $1^{st}$ analysis; wing, 12 h at the $1^{st}$ analysis. The pH value for the leg meat was higher than breast and wing meats. In the color measurements, under the room temperature storage condition, lightness and redness values decreased but the yellowness increased in refrigerated meats (p<0.05). The K-value regarding refrigerated leg meats exceeded 60%, which is the threshold value to evaluate the degree of freshness, during the $1^{st}$ analysis (p<0.05). The VBN value of refrigerated leg meat was the highest and reached up to 96.93 mg%. Thus, studies regarding the possible decline in quality according to the change of storage temperature could be used in order to establish a basic database for the quality control of spent hen meat being traded with other countries.

S-475 : Irinotecan plus Capecitabine in TNBC Relapsed after Chemotherapy with Anthracycline and Taxane

( An Na Lee ),( Se Il Go ),( Won Sup Lee ),( Un Seok Lee ),( Moon Jin Kim ),( Myung Hee Kang ),( Gyeong Won Lee ),( Hoon Gu Kim ),( Jung Hun Kang ),( Kyung Nyeo Jeon ),( Jae Min Cho ),( Jeong Hee Le ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

The standard regimen has not been determined yet for taxane- and anthracycline-refractory triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Capecitabine was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of the advanced breast cancer and has efficacy in the treatment of advanced breast cancer refractory to anthracycline and taxane. Irinotecan has synergism with 5-fluorouracil and shows efficacy in the advanced breast cancer. Here, we report a patient with TNBC who relapsed with wide spread bone and lung metastasis shortly after adjuvant anthracycline followed by taxane chemotherapy. She achieved metabolic complete response (CR) after irinotecan and capecitabine combination chemotherapy and showed 10-month of progression-free survival and 22-month. She relapsed with and died of brain metastasis without any definite signs of progression of the lung and bone lesions that she had had before irinotecan and capecitabine combination chemotherapy. To validate this favorable result, larger clinical trials are warranted in metastatic or relapsed TNBC patients.

Novel mutations in avian PA in combination with an adaptive mutation in PR8 NP exacerbate the virulence of PR8-derived recombinant influenza A viruses in mice

Lee, Chung-Young,An, Se-Hee,Kim, Ilhwan,Choi, Jun-Gu,Lee, Youn-Jeong,Kim, Jae-Hong,Kwon, Hyuk-Joon Elsevier 2018 Veterinary microbiology Vol.221 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The polymerase complex of the low-pathogenic avian influenza virus [A/chicken/Korea/KBNP-0028/2000] (0028) has previously been characterized, and novel amino acid residues present in the polymerase acidic protein (PA) that likely contribute to pathogenicity toward mammals have been identified. In the present study, our aims were to generate A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8)-derived recombinant viruses containing the <I>0028-PA</I> gene with a single amino acid mutation and to test their pathogenicity and replication ability. We found that the recombinant viruses acquired additional single mutations in the nucleoprotein (NP). Because the additional mutations in NP did not affect viral pathogenicity, but rather attenuated viral replication and polymerase activity, the incompatibility of the avian <I>PA</I> gene within the PR8 backbone may have induced an adaptive mutation in <I>NP</I>. To minimize the differences due to NP mutations, we generated 0028-PA mutants with an E375G mutation, not affecting viral replication and pathogenicity, in the <I>NP</I> gene. The PR8-PA(0028)-E684G mutant showed significantly higher viral replication in mammalian cells as compared to PR8-PA(0028) and led to 100% mortality in mice, with significantly increased interferon β expression. Thus, the E684G mutation in the <I>PA</I> gene may play an important role in viral pathogenicity in mice by increasing viral replication and the host immune response.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The incompatibility of avian PA within the PR8 backbone induced mutations in NP. </LI> <LI> The E684G PA mutation increased viral replication in ECEs and MDCK cells. </LI> <LI> The E684G PA mutation increased viral replication and pathogenicity in mice. </LI> <LI> E684G mutation in PA may be a potential pathogenicity-related mutation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effects of impact conditions on the electrical and mechanical properties of supersonic cold sprayed Cu–Ni electrodes

Lee, Jong-Gun,Lee, Jong-Hyuk,An, Seongpil,Yoon, Joshua Yeosong,Choi, Jae-Wook,Kang, Min Gu,Lee, Jeong In,Song, Hee-eun,Al-Deyab, Salem S.,James, Scott C.,Kang, Yoonmook,Kim, Donghwan,Yoon, Sam S.,Lee, Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.695 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Supersonic cold sprayed Cu and Ni particles were deposited on Si wafers for potential use as solar-cell front electrodes. Line-printed Ni–Cu electrodes were successfully fabricated with thicknesses between 30 and 50 μm. Choice of carrier gas (nitrogen and air) and effects of particle size and impact velocity on the electrical and mechanical properties of these Ni–Cu electrodes were quantified. The carrier gas had no discernable effect on electrode properties while increased particle sizes slightly decreased electrode specific resistivities. Impact velocity had the most pronounced influence on electrode electrical properties. Both the contact and specific resistivities decreased nearly linearly with increasing impact velocity. Adhesion strength was measured with a STAB-TEST instrument and found sufficient for all measured electrodes. The electrodes were further characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and auger electron spectroscopy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Supersonically sprayed Cu and Ni particles were deposited on Si wafers for potential use as solar-cell front electrodes. </LI> <LI> Line-printed Ni–Cu electrodes were successfully fabricated with thicknesses between 30 and 50 μm. </LI> <LI> Effects of impact conditions on the electrical and mechanical properties of these Ni–Cu electrodes were quantified. </LI> <LI> Both the contact and specific resistivities decreased nearly linearly with increasing impact velocity. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Generation of highly productive and mammalian nonpathogenic recombinant H9N2 avian influenza viruses by optimization of 3’end promoter and NS genome

An, Se-Hee,Lee, Chung-Young,Choi, Jun-Gu,Lee, Youn-Jeong,Kim, Jae-Hong,Kwon, Hyuk-Joon Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2019 Veterinary microbiology Vol.228 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We developed A/PR/8/34 (PR8) virus-based reverse genetics system in which six internal genes of PR8 and attenuated hemagglutinin and intact neuraminidase genes of field avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been used for the generation of highly productive recombinant vaccine strains. The 6 + 2 recombinant vaccine strains can induce protective humoral immunity against intended field AIVs; however, the epitopes of B and T cells encoded by internal genes may be important for heterosubtypic protection. Therefore, it is advantageous to use homologous internal genes of field AIVs for recombinant vaccine strains. However, the rescue of recombinant viruses having whole internal genes of field AIVs by the PR8-based reverse genetics system was unsuccessful in some cases. Although partial replacement of an internal gene has been successful for generation of highly productive and mammalian nonpathogenic recombinant viruses, complete replacement of internal genes may be more favorable. In this study, we successfully generated complete recombinant H9N2 AIVs possessing 8 genomes of H9N2 AIVs by optimal combinations of 3’ end promoter sequences of polymerase genomes, and a NS genome. All the generated recombinant viruses showed highly productive and mammalian nonpathogenic traits but some of them showed much higher virus titers in embryonated chicken eggs. Additionally, we found the same mutations of NS1 gene determined pathogenicity of AIVs in chicken embryos as well as mammals. Thus, the 3’ end promoter optimization, and highly productive and mammalian nonpathogenic internal genes may be useful to develop vaccines against AIVs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recombinant H9N2 virus with weak PB2 activity can be rescued by promoter optimization. </LI> <LI> Strong 3’end promoter of PB2 and PB1 genomes can compensate weak PB2 activity. </LI> <LI> The 3’end promoter optimization improves the productivity of recombinant H9N2 viruses. </LI> <LI> NS1 gene plays common role in mammalian and chicken embryonic pathogenicity. </LI> <LI> Non-pathogenic NS1 gene improves recombinant H9N2 virus productivity in chicken eggs. </LI> </UL> </P>

Quantum Gravity Effects in Cosmology

Gu, Je-An,Pyo Kim, Sang,Shen, Che-Min,Gwak, B.,Kang, G.,Kim, C.,Kim, H.-C.,Lee, C.-H.,Lee, J.,Lee, S.,Lee, W. EDP Sciences 2018 The European Physical Journal Conferences Vol.168 No.-

<P>Within the geometrodynamic approach to quantum cosmology, we studied the quantum gravity effects in cosmology. The Gibbons-Hawking temperature is corrected by quantum gravity due to spacetime fluctuations and the power spectrum as well as any probe field will experience the effective temperature, a quantum gravity effect.</P>

Increased risk of bullous pemphigoid in patients with diabetes mellitus receiving dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: A nationwide populationbased study

( Seon Gu Lee ),( Seung Hui Seok ),( Ji Hae An ),( In Jae Jeong ),( Hee Jung Lee ),( Moon Soo Yoon ),( Dong Hyun Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Recent studies suggest that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increase the risk of developing bullous pemphigoid (BP). Population-based studies on the association between DPP-4 inhibitors and BP are limited. Objectives: To characterize the association between the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and an increased risk of developing BP. Methods: A nationwide retrospective case-control study was performed using Korean insurance claims data from 2012 to 2016. Results: 670 case patients (with diabetes mellitus and BP) and control patients (with only diabetes mellitus) were included our study; the mean age was 75.3 years and 51.0% of subjects were male. The number of patients with diabetes and BP more than doubled during the study period. DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a significant increase in the risk of developing BP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.26-2.00; P<.001); among all DPP-4 inhibitors used in Korea, the highest aOR was associated with the use of vildagliptin (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.34-2.54; P<.001). Subgroup analyses revealed: i) a significant association in male patients (aOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.39-2.63; P<.001) and ii) that vildagliptin was the most high-risk DPP-4 inhibitor (aOR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.75-4.30; P<.001). Conclusion: DPP-4 inhibitors are associated with a significantly increased risk for the development of BP in patients with diabetes. Of the DPP-4 inhibitors available in Korea, vildagliptin carries the highest risk, particularly in male patients.

몬모릴로나이트로 강화된 폴리프로필렌/나일론 나노복합재료의 난연특성 및 기계적 특성

이종훈(Lee Jong Hun),박호식(Park Ho Sig),안인구(An In Gu),이윤희(Lee Yun Hui),김연수(Kim Yeon Su),이영관(Lee Yeong Gwan),남재도(Nam Jae Do) 한국고분자학회 2003 폴리머 Vol.27 No.6