Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam and Correlates of Current Cigarette Smoking: Results from GYTS 2014 Data

Le, Thi Huong,Nga, Thi Thu Vu,Nguyen, Ngoc Dung,Le, Thi Thanh Xuan,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Hoang, Van Minh,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

The aim of this paper is to report the rate of current and ever cigarette smoking and explore correlates of current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam. This analysis was derived from GYTS survey, which comprised of 3,430 adolescents aged 13-15, conducted in 2014 in 13 cities and provinces of Viet Nam. We calculated the weighted rates of current and ever cigarette smoking and reported patterns of smoking behavior. We also performed logistic regression to explore correlates of current cigarette smoking behavior. The weighted rate of ever cigarette smoking was 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5 %-10.5%), in which the weighted rate among males (15.4%; 95% CI: 13.6%-17.0%) was higher than that among females (4.2%; 95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%). The weighted rate of current cigarette smoking was relatively low at 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%-3.0%) with higher weighted rate among males (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%-5.9%) compared to the corresponding figure among females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0 %-0.5%). Current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among males than females, in students aged 15 versus 13 years old, and in students who had several or all close friends smoking and students with daily observation of smoking at school. For greater smoking reduction outcomes, we recommend that tobacco interventions for adolescents should consider targeting more male students at older ages, establish stricter adherence to school-based banning of cigarette smoking, engage both smoking and nonsmoking adolescents and empower adolescents to resist peer smoking influence as well as changing their norms or beliefs towards smoking benefits.

Tobacco Access and Availability for Vietnamese School Children (aged 13-15): Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Use Survey (GYTS) 2014 in Viet Nam

Le, Thi Kim Anh,Bui, Thi Tu Quyen,Hoang, Van Minh,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Efforts to reduce tobacco use among school children need to be based on understanding of access to cigarettes by these subjects because previous studies indicated that enforcement of laws for controlling tobacco sales seems to not affect teen/school children because they can obtain cigarettes from different sources. This paper aims to describe access to and availability of cigarettes among school students (aged 13-15 years old) according to the data from GYTS Vietnam 2014. In GYTS, a national school-based survey of students of grades 8-10, our findings showed that about 15% school children are current smokers who smoke at home, and that they could easily buy cigarettes from stores (63.2%), or someone else (27.8%), or street vendors (9%). Notably, over 85% of school children answered that they were not refused because of their age. This high percentage was nearly the same in the North (85.7%), the Centre (92.5%), and the South (89.7%) of Viet Nam. These findings show that it is quite easy for school children to obtain cigarettes and this is a crucial challenge for policy makers aiming to reduce tobacco use among youth in general and school-age students in particular.

Investigation of the Ionic Conductivities of Yttria-Doped Ceria and Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia by Using the Statistical Moment Method

Le Thu Lam,Vu Van Hung,Bui Duc Tinh 한국물리학회 2019 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.75 No.4

The ionic conductivities of yttria-doped ceria (YDC) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), are investigatied using statistical moment method including the anharmonicity effects of thermal lattice vibrations. The expressions for the lattice constant and the vacancy activation energy are derived in closed analytic forms in terms of the power moments of the atomic displacements. The distribution of oxygen vacancies around dopants and the important role of cation barriers on vacancy diffusion are evaluated in detail. The lattice constants, activation energies, ionic conductivities of YDC and YSZ are calculated as functions of the dopant concentration. Notably, the ionic conductivities depend linearly on dopant concentration. Our results are in good agreement with those of both previous experiments and several theoretical calculations.

Metamaterials: Detailed parametric studies on cut-wire pair and combined structure

Lam, Vu Dinh,Tung, Nguyen Thanh,Van Hong, Le,Lee, Young Pak Institute of Physics 2009 Journal of physics. Conference series Vol.187 No.1

<P>We studied the electromagnetic behavior of cut-wire pair structure, which is considered as a magnetic metamaterial for designing the left-handed material. It was found that the lattice constant of cut-wire pair structure provides subtle effects not only on the electric resonance but also on the magnetic one. In addition, we also investigated on how this affects the left-handed behavior of combined structures of cut-wire pair and continuous wire. These structures were designed, fabricated, and measured in the microwave frequency regime.</P>

6′-Sialylactose abolished ipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and hyper-permeability in endothelial cells

Dung Van Nguyen,Thuy Le Lam Nguyen,Yujin Jin,Lila Kim,Chang-Seon Myung,Kyung-Sun Heo 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.11

Disruption of the endothelial barrier functionand reduction in cell migration leads to endothelial dysfunction. One of the most abundant human milk oligosaccharides,6′-sialylactose (6′-SL), is reported to exert variousbiological functions related to infl ammatory responses. Inthis study, we evaluated the eff ects of 6′-SL on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced infl ammation caused by endothelialbarrier damage. Our results showed that LPS at 500 ng/mLstrongly not only abolished cell migration but also hyperactivatedMAPK and NF-κB pathways. 6′-SL suppressedLPS-induced endothelial infl ammation via ERK1/2, p38,and JNK MAPK pathways. 6′-SL supported endothelialjunctions by upregulating PECAM-1 expression and mRNAlevels of tight junctions, such as ZO-1 and occludin, whichwere downregulated by LPS stimulation. It signifi cantlyinhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, along withthe downregulation of infl ammatory cytokines, includingTNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Furthermore,6′-SL abolished NF-κB-mediated STAT3 in controllingendothelial migration and hyperpermeability viadownregulating STAT3 activation and nuclear translocation. Finally, LPS induced over-expression of VCAM-1 and ZO-1disassembly in both atheroprone and atheroprotective areasof mouse aorta, which were reversed by 6′-SL treatment. Altogether, our fi ndings suggest that 6′-SL is a potent therapeuticagent for modulating infl ammatory responses andendothelial hyperpermeability.

Potential biological functions and future perspectives of sialylated milk oligosaccharides

Thuy Le Lam Nguyen,Dung Van Nguyen,Kyung-Sun Heo 대한약학회 2024 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.47 No.4

Sialyllactoses (SLs) primarily include sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bovine milk oligosaccharides(BMOs). First, the safety assessment of 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) and 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL) revealed low toxicity in variousanimal models and human participants. SLs constitute a unique milk component, highlighting the essential nutrients andbioactive components crucial for infant development, along with numerous associated health benefi ts for various diseases. This review explores the safety, biosynthesis, and potential biological eff ects of SLs, with a specifi c focus on their infl uenceacross various physiological systems, including the gastrointestinal system, immune disorders, rare genetic disorders (suchas GNE myopathy), cancers, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diverse cancers, and viral infections, thusindicating their therapeutic potential.

The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Image: A Case Study in Vietnam

Cuong Xuan PHAN,Lam Van LE,Duy DUONG,Thuy Chung PHAN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.4

This paper examines the impact of university social responsibility on brand image and student satisfaction. Social responsibility impact on consumer behavior has been studied extensively. But the same impact has not been rigorously tested to the same extend in the education sector. Firstly, we analyze the perception of university social responsibility (USR) and its components, including (1) the quality of teaching programs, facilities, and academic staff; (2) supporting learning activities; and (3) human resource policies. Secondly, we investigate the relationship between university social responsibility, brand image, and student satisfaction. The study examined these relationships through a proposed economic model based on answers from a survey of 298 students at the University of Food Industry Ho Chi Minh City. From the above survey data, the author proceeds to quantify variables and, based on Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient, EFA factor analysis, and linear regression, to measure the impact of each social responsibility factor on business of the university and student satisfaction. The results show that university social responsibility actually affects the university’s brand image and student satisfaction. Our findings suggest that universities should develop an appropriate marketing strategy to reinforce brand image and student satisfaction through the university social responsibility model.

Control of morphology and Orientation of Electrochemically Grown ZnO Nanorods

Tran Hoang Cao Son,Le Khac Top,Nguyen Thi Dong Tri,Ha Thuc Chi Nhan,Lam Quang Vinh,Bach Thang Phan,김상섭,Le Van Hieu 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.2

We report the direct electrochemical deposition of ZnO nanorods on an indium tin oxide substrate. Themorphology and orientation of the grown ZnO nanorods were investigated as functions of the currentdensity. It is likely that the concentrations of OH- and Zn2+ ions, which could be controlled by varying thecurrent density, determine the shape and alignment of the ZnO nanorods. The nanorods were tilted, hexagonal,and prismatic at a low current density (0.1 mA/cm2) and vertically aligned and obelisk-shaped at highcurrent densities (greater than 0.6 mA/cm2). By using the low and high current densities sequentially in atwo-step growth process, vertically aligned, hexagonal, and prismatic ZnO nanorods could be grownsuccessfully. The underlying mechanism responsible for the growth of the ZnO nanorods is also discussed.

A Fault-tolerant Synchronous Sliding Mode Control for a 4-DOF Parallel Manipulator With Uncertainties and Actuator Faults

Duc Thien Tran,Nguyen Thanh Nha,Ngo Van Thuyen,Le Hoang Lam,Kyoung Kwan Ahn 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.22 No.4

This paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant synchronous sliding mode control for a 4-DOF parallel manipulator against uncertainties such as modelling error and actuator faults. The proposed control is developed with the consensus approach, sliding mode control, and extended state observer to manage the tracking objective and guarantee the synchronous requirements. The consensus approach combines the tracking and synchronous errors, which helps to integrate both the tracking and synchronous requirements into cross-coupling errors. Firstly, the kinematics and dynamics of the parallel manipulator are described according to the geometric and Euler Lagrange approaches with the challenges. Secondly, the Lyapunov approach is implemented to verify the stability and robustness of the proposed control in theory. Then, some simulations are conducted in MATLAB Simulink with the robotic dynamics generated by converting the design model in SOLIDWORKs into SIMSCAPE. The comparisons between the proposed control and other controllers are made by creating simulations to evaluate the advantages of the proposed approach.

Synthesis of Atomically Thin Transition Metal Disulfides for Charge Transport Layers in Optoelectronic Devices

Kwon, Ki Chang,Kim, Cheolmin,Le, Quyet Van,Gim, Seungo,Jeon, Jong-Myeong,Ham, Ju Young,Lee, Jong-Lam,Jang, Ho Won,Kim, Soo Young American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.4

<P>Metal sulfides (MeS<SUB>2</SUB>) such as MoS<SUB>2</SUB> and WS<SUB>2</SUB> were used as charge transport layers in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells in order to enhance the stability in air comparing to poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). MeS<SUB>2</SUB> layers with a polycrystalline structure were synthesized by a chemical deposition method using uniformly spin-coated (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)MoS<SUB>4</SUB> and (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)WS<SUB>4</SUB> precursor solutions. The ultraviolet-ozone (UV-O<SUB>3</SUB>) treatment on MeS<SUB>2</SUB> leads to the removal of the surface contaminants produced by the transfer process, resulting in a uniform surface and an increase of the work function. The maximum luminance efficiencies of the OLEDs with UV-O<SUB>3</SUB>-treated MoS<SUB>2</SUB> and WS<SUB>2</SUB> were 9.44 and 10.82 cd/A, respectively. The power conversion efficiencies of OPV cells based on UV-O<SUB>3</SUB>-treated MoS<SUB>2</SUB> and WS<SUB>2</SUB> were 2.96 and 3.08%, respectively. These values correspond to over 95% of those obtained with (PEDOT:PSS) based devices. Furthermore, OLEDs and OPV cells based on MeS<SUB>2</SUB> showed two to six times longer stability in air compared with PEDOT:PSS based devices. These results suggest that UV-O<SUB>3</SUB>-surface-treated MeS<SUB>2</SUB> could be a promising candidate for a charge transport layer in optoelectronic devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-4/acsnano.5b01504/production/images/medium/nn-2015-01504f_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn5b01504'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>