Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Spleen-Qi Deficiency Syndrome

Agnese Olivera-Toro,Rubén Fossion,Lei Li,Rosa E. López-Gómez,Emma López-Espinosa,Ismael Jiménez-Estrada,Salvador Quiroz-González 사단법인약침학회 2019 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.12 No.4

Many functional diseases are related to dysautonomia, and heart rate variability has been used to assess dysautonomia. However, heart rate variability has not been studied in Spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS). Healthy volunteers (n Z 37) and patients with SQDS (n Z 67), recruited from the Clinic of the State University of Ecatepec Valley were included in the study. Outcome measures were average heart rate, standard deviation of the normal-to-normal heartbeat intervals, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) power, and the LF/HF ratio. Also, intestinal peristalsis, gastrointestinal symptoms (GSs), fatigue, and level of attention were measured. Standard deviation of the normal-to-normal heartbeat intervals (17 Æ 2.3%) and HF (14 Æ 3.1%) were lower in SQDS patients (17 Æ 1.3%) than in healthy volunteers. SQDS patients had higher heart rate, LF power, LF/HF ratio, and fatigue scores (9.6 Æ 1.12%, 16 Æ 2.1%, 22 Æ 3.8%, and 21 Æ 4.1%). The fatigue correlated positively with the LF/HF ratio and negatively with HF power. The SQDS group had lower concentration performance (16.2 Æ 1.9%) in the d2 test. The intestinal peristalsis showed a reduction (15 Æ 1.3%) as compared with control. GS score and peristalsis correlated negatively with HF. Our results suggest that the pathology of SDQS could be associated with a low vagal tone which causes a decrease in peristalsis, increased fatigue, reduced attention, and appearance of GSs.

Solar Coronal Loops Associated with Small-scale Mixed Polarity Surface Magnetic Fields

Chitta, L. P.,Peter, H.,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Noort, M. van,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Iniesta, J. C. Del Toro,Suá,rez, D. Or American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal, Supplement series Vol.229 No.1

<P>How and where are coronal loops rooted in the solar lower atmosphere? The details of the magnetic environment and its evolution at the footpoints of coronal loops are crucial to understanding the processes of mass and energy supply to the solar corona. To address the above question, we use high-resolution line-of-sight magnetic field data from the Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment instrument on the SUNRISE balloon-borne observatory and coronal observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory of an emerging active region. We find that the coronal loops are often rooted at the locations with minor small-scale but persistent opposite-polarity magnetic elements very close to the larger dominant polarity. These opposite-polarity small-scale elements continually interact with the dominant polarity underlying the coronal loop through flux cancellation. At these locations we detect small inverse Y-shaped jets in chromospheric Ca II H images obtained from the SUNRISE Filter Imager during the flux cancellation. Our results indicate that magnetic flux cancellation and reconnection at the base of coronal loops due to mixed polarity fields might be a crucial feature for the supply of mass and energy into the corona.</P>

Evaluation of two microcosm systems for co-treatment of LDPEoxo and lignocellulosic biomass for biochar production

Alejandra Castillo-Toro,Juan F. Mateus-Maldonado,Diana N. Céspedes-Bernal,Leonardo Peña-Carranza,Adriana I. Páez-Morales,Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales,Juan C. Salcedo-Reyes,Lucía A. Díaz-Ariza,Laura C. Casti 한국생체재료학회 2021 생체재료학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Background: The co-transformation of solid waste of natural and anthropogenic origin can be carried out through solid-state-fermentation systems to obtain bio-products with higher added value and lower environmental impact. Methods: To evaluate the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus on co-transformation of oxo-degradable low-density polyethylene (LDPEoxo) sheets and lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), were assembled two 0.75 L microcosm systems in vertical (VMS) and horizontal (HMS) position. The pre-treated sheets with luminescent O2 plasma discharges were mixed with pine bark, hydrolyzed brewer’s yeast and paper napkin fragments and incubated for 135 days at 20 ± 1.0 °C in the presence of the fungus. With the co-transformation residues, biochar (BC) was produced at 300 ± 1.0 °C (BC300) for 1 h, then used to carry out adsorption studies, using the malachite green dye (MG) at pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0 ± 0.2. Finally, the biochar was the substrate for the germination of carnation seeds (Dianthus caryophyllus) and Ray-grass (Lolium sp.) in vitro. Results: For HMS, the decrease in static contact angle (SCA) was 63.63% (p = 0.00824) and for VMS 74.45% (p =0.00219), concerning the pristine. Plastic roughness in VMS was higher (26%) concerning the control. Throughout the 135 days, there were fungal growth and consequently laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) activities. During the first 75 days, CO2 production increased to 4.78 ± 0.01 and 4.98 ± 0.01 mg g-1 for HMS and VMS, respectively. In MG adsorption studies, the highest amount of the colourant adsorbed at both pH 4.0 and 7.0 ± 0.2. Conclusions: Finally, the biochar or the biochar enriched with low concentrations of plant growth-promoting microorganisms and inorganic fertilizer favours the germination of Dianthus caryophyllus and Lolium sp., seeds.

THE FRONTIER BETWEEN SMALL-SCALE BIPOLES AND EPHEMERAL REGIONS IN THE SOLAR PHOTOSPHERE: EMERGENCE AND DECAY OF AN INTERMEDIATE-SCALE BIPOLE OBSERVED WITH SUNRISE/IMaX

Guglielmino, S. L.,Martí,nez Pillet, V.,Bonet, J. A.,del Toro Iniesta, J. Carlos,Bellot Rubio, L. R.,Solanki, S. K.,Schmidt, W.,Gandorfer, A.,Barthol, P.,Knö,lker, M. IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.745 No.2

<P>We report on the photospheric evolution of an intermediate-scale (approximate to 4 Mm footpoint separation) magnetic bipole, from emergence to decay, observed in the quiet Sun at high spatial (0 ''.3) and temporal (33 s) resolution. The observations were acquired by the Imaging Magnetograph Experiment imaging magnetograph during the first science flight of the Sunrise balloon-borne solar observatory. The bipole flux content is 6x10(17) Mx, representing a structure bridging the gap between granular scale bipoles and the smaller ephemeral regions. Footpoints separate at a speed of 3.5 km s(-1) and reach a maximum distance of 4.5 Mm before the field dissolves. The evolution of the bipole is revealed to be very dynamic: we found a proper motion of the bipole axis and detected a change of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees in 300 s, which may indicate the presence of some writhe in the emerging structure. The overall morphology and behavior are in agreement with previous analyses of bipolar structures emerging at the granular scale, but we also found several similarities with emerging flux structures at larger scales. The flux growth rate is 2.6 x 10(15) Mx s(-1), while the mean decay rate is one order of magnitude smaller. We describe in some detail the decay phase of the bipole footpoints that includes break up into smaller structures, and interaction with preexisting fields leading to cancellation, but it appears to be dominated by an as-yet unidentified diffusive process that removes most of the flux with an exponential flux decay curve. The diffusion constant (8 x 10(2) km(2) s(-1)) associated with this decay is similar to the values used to describe the large-scale diffusion in flux transport models.</P>

MESOGRANULATION AND THE SOLAR SURFACE MAGNETIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION

Yelles Chaouche, L.,Moreno-Insertis, F.,Martí,nez Pillet, V.,Wiegelmann, T.,Bonet, J. A.,Knö,lker, M.,Bellot Rubio, L. R.,del Toro Iniesta, J. C.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Schmidt, W.,Solank IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.727 No.2

THE FORMATION AND DISINTEGRATION OF MAGNETIC BRIGHT POINTS OBSERVED BY<i>SUNRISE</i>/IMaX

Utz, D.,del Toro Iniesta, J. C.,Bellot Rubio, L. R.,Jurč,á,k, J.,Martí,nez Pillet, V.,Solanki, S. K.,Schmidt, W. IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Vol.796 No.2

<P>The evolution of the physical parameters of magnetic bright points (MBPs) located in the quiet Sun (mainly in the interwork) during their lifetime is studied. First, we concentrate on the detailed description of the magnetic field evolution of three MBPs. This reveals that individual features follow different, generally complex, and rather dynamic scenarios of evolution. Next, we apply statistical methods on roughly 200 observed MBP evolutionary tracks. MBPs are found to be formed by the strengthening of an equipartition field patch, which initially exhibits a moderate downflow. During the evolution, strong downdrafts with an average velocity of 2.4 km s(-1) set in. These flows, taken together with the concurrent strengthening of the field, suggest that we are witnessing the occurrence of convective collapses in these features, although only 30% of them reach kG field strengths. This fraction might turn out to be larger when the new 4mclass solar telescopes are operational as observations of MBPs with current state of the art instrumentation could still be suffering from resolution limitations. Finally, when the bright point disappears (although the magnetic field often continues to exist) the magnetic field strength has dropped to the equipartition level and is generally somewhat weaker than at the beginning of the MBP's evolution. Also, only relatively weak downflows are found on average at this stage of the evolution. Only 16% of the features display upflows at the time that the field weakens, or the MBP disappears. This speaks either for a very fast evolving dynamic process at the end of the lifetime, which could not be temporally resolved, or against strong upflows as the cause of the weakening of the field of these magnetic elements, as has been proposed based on simulation results. It is noteworthy that in about 10% of the cases, we observe in the vicinity of the downflows small-scale strong (exceeding 2 km s-1) intergranular upflows related spatially and temporally to these downflows. The paper is complemented by a detailed discussion of aspects regarding the applied methods, the complementary literature, and in depth analysis of parameters like magnetic field strength and velocity distributions. An important difference to magnetic elements and associated bright structures in active region plage is that most of the quiet Sun bright points display significant downflows over a large fraction of their lifetime (i.e., in more than 46% of time instances/measurements they show downflows exceeding 1 km s(-1)).</P>

Correlation of the Holes Quality with the Force Signals in a Microdrilling Process of a Sintered Tungsten-Copper Alloy

Gerardo Beruvides,Ramón Quiza,Raúl del Toro,Fernando Castaño,Rodolfo E. Haber 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Holes quality errors are an undesired but unavoidable consequence in drilling operations. Due to the small dimensions involved inthe microdrilling processes, quality measurement and control must be carried out offline, by using microscopy or other high precisionmeasurement devices. This paper presents a study about the correlation between the holes quality and the force signals in themicrodilling process of 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm-diameter holes in a sintered tungsten-copper alloy. The surface of the obtained holes wasscanned by means of an interferometry microscope and the error of the holes was computed from the scanned data. The threecomponents of the forces were measured during all the drilling process. The behavior of these signals, in three different intervals (toolentrance, forward motion and backward motion) was described by wavelet package analysis. The features having higher correlationwith the holes quality error were the average power of the axial component of the forces in the frequency bands of 0~391 Hz and3906~4297 Hz, during the backward motion. With these features, a statistical regression model was fitted. The main outcomes of thisstudy are the basement for obtaining reliable models for monitoring systems in microdrilling operations.

Intermetallic-Rich Layer Formation for Improving Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloys

D. Calderón,Y. Galindez,L. Toro,A. A. Zuleta,A. Valencia‑Escobar,P. Chacón,E. Correa,F. Echeverría 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.3

The present work examines the formation of a corrosion protective coating containing intermetallic phases on magnesiumalloy substrates. The protective coating was formed on the surfaces of commercially pure magnesium (cp Mg) and AZ31Bmagnesium alloy by vacuum thermal evaporation of commercially pure aluminium (cp Al) and a subsequent heat treatmentof the sample. This coating was continuous, homogenous and its microstructure was a eutectic phase composed by clustersof α-Mg surrounded by β phase (Mg17Al12). This eutectic-type coating provided 168 and 504 h of protection inside the saltspray chamber for the cp Mg and AZ31 alloy samples, respectively. To achieve this, it was required to deposit at least 5.5 μmof cp Al and then perform a combined thermal treatment involving heating the samples to 583 K for 60 min and then raisingthe temperature to 693 K for 5 min.

A New MHD-assisted Stokes Inversion Technique

Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Noort, M. van,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Iniesta, J. C. Del Toro,Suá,rez, D. Orozco,Schmidt, W.,Pillet, American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.229 No.1

<P>We present a new method of Stokes inversion of spectropolarimetric data and evaluate it by taking the example of a SUNRISE/IMaX observation. An archive of synthetic Stokes profiles is obtained by the spectral synthesis of stateof- the-art magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations and a realistic degradation to the level of the observed data. The definition of a merit function allows the archive to be searched for the synthetic Stokes profiles that best match the observed profiles. In contrast to traditional Stokes inversion codes, which solve the Unno-Rachkovsky equations for the polarized radiative transfer numerically and fit the Stokes profiles iteratively, the new technique provides the full set of atmospheric parameters. This gives us the ability to start an MHD simulation that takes the inversion result as an initial condition. After a relaxation process of half an hour solar time we obtain physically consistent MHD data sets with a target similar to the observation. The new MHD simulation is used to repeat the method in a second iteration, which further improves the match between observation and simulation, resulting in a factor of 2.2 lower mean chi(2) value. One advantage of the new technique is that it provides the physical parameters on a geometrical height scale. It constitutes a first step toward inversions that give results consistent with the MHD equations.</P>

Autophagy in the liver: cell’s cannibalism and beyond

Joseph A. Flores-Toro,Kristina L. Go,Christiaan Leeuwenburgh,Jae-Sung Kim 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.8

Chronic liver disease and its progression to liverfailure are induced by various etiologies including viralinfection, alcoholic and nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis. It isanticipated that the prevalence of fatty liver disease willcontinue to rise due to the growing incidence of obesity andmetabolic disorder. Evidence is accumulating to indicatethat the onset of fatty liver disease is causatively linked tomitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal lipid accumulation. Current treatment options for this disease are limited. Autophagy is an integral catabolic pathway that maintainscellular homeostasis both selectively and nonselectively. As mitophagy and lipophagy selectively remove dysfunctionalmitochondria and excess lipids, respectively, stimulationof autophagy could have therapeutic potential toameliorate liver function in steatotic patients. This reviewhighlights our up-to-date knowledge on mechanistic rolesof autophagy in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease andits vulnerability to surgical stress, with an emphasis onmitophagy and lipophagy.