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      • THE FRONTIER BETWEEN SMALL-SCALE BIPOLES AND EPHEMERAL REGIONS IN THE SOLAR PHOTOSPHERE: EMERGENCE AND DECAY OF AN INTERMEDIATE-SCALE BIPOLE OBSERVED WITH SUNRISE/IMaX

        Guglielmino, S. L.,Martí,nez Pillet, V.,Bonet, J. A.,del Toro Iniesta, J. Carlos,Bellot Rubio, L. R.,Solanki, S. K.,Schmidt, W.,Gandorfer, A.,Barthol, P.,Knö,lker, M. IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.745 No.2

        <P>We report on the photospheric evolution of an intermediate-scale (approximate to 4 Mm footpoint separation) magnetic bipole, from emergence to decay, observed in the quiet Sun at high spatial (0 ''.3) and temporal (33 s) resolution. The observations were acquired by the Imaging Magnetograph Experiment imaging magnetograph during the first science flight of the Sunrise balloon-borne solar observatory. The bipole flux content is 6x10(17) Mx, representing a structure bridging the gap between granular scale bipoles and the smaller ephemeral regions. Footpoints separate at a speed of 3.5 km s(-1) and reach a maximum distance of 4.5 Mm before the field dissolves. The evolution of the bipole is revealed to be very dynamic: we found a proper motion of the bipole axis and detected a change of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees in 300 s, which may indicate the presence of some writhe in the emerging structure. The overall morphology and behavior are in agreement with previous analyses of bipolar structures emerging at the granular scale, but we also found several similarities with emerging flux structures at larger scales. The flux growth rate is 2.6 x 10(15) Mx s(-1), while the mean decay rate is one order of magnitude smaller. We describe in some detail the decay phase of the bipole footpoints that includes break up into smaller structures, and interaction with preexisting fields leading to cancellation, but it appears to be dominated by an as-yet unidentified diffusive process that removes most of the flux with an exponential flux decay curve. The diffusion constant (8 x 10(2) km(2) s(-1)) associated with this decay is similar to the values used to describe the large-scale diffusion in flux transport models.</P>

      • FORMATION OF THE PENUMBRA AND START OF THE EVERSHED FLOW

        Murabito, M.,Romano, P.,Guglielmino, S. L.,Zuccarello, F.,Solanki, S. K. American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.825 No.1

        <P>We studied the variations of line of sight photospheric plasma flows during the formation phase of the penumbra around a pore in active region NOAA 11490. We used a high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution data set acquired by the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectrometer operating at the NSO/Dunn Solar Telescope as well as data taken by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite (SDO/HMI). Before the penumbra formed we observed a redshift of the spectral line in the inner part of the annular zone surrounding the pore as well as a blueshift of material associated with opposite magnetic polarity farther away from the pore. We found that the onset of the classical Evershed flow occurs on a very short timescale (1 to 3 hr) while the penumbra is forming. During the same time interval we found changes in the magnetic field inclination in the penumbra, with the vertical field actually changing sign near the penumbral edge, while the total magnetic field showed a significant increase, about 400 G. To explain these and other observations related to the formation of the penumbra and the onset of the Evershed flow we propose a scenario in which the penumbra is formed by magnetic flux dragged down from the canopy surrounding the initial pore. The Evershed flow starts when the sinking magnetic field dips below the solar surface and magnetoconvection sets in.</P>

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        A comparison on static and fatigue behaviour between traditional and SLM AISI 316L

        Danilo D’Andrea,Andrea Gatto,Eugenio Guglielmino,Giacomo Risitano,Dario Santonocito 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.3

        Additive manufacturing (AM) is a novel production process, that allows the creation of lightweight and customizable devices. Such capacity requires a high grade of reliability under the action of service loads, especially under fatigue loads. One of the high-performance steels adopted for selective laser melting (SLM) is the AISI 316L. However, SLM is severally affected by laser beam power and scanning velocity. Mechanical properties must be investigated to provide reliability of final products, but this requires a huge amount of time. On the other hand, energy methods, such as the Risitano’s thermographic method and the novel static thermographic method, by performing stepwise fatigue tests and static tensile tests, can assess the material’s performance by monitoring the energy release. In this work, failure analysis has been performed, showing the differences between the traditional and AM manufacturing process, giving an insight to understand and improve the quality of the AM production process.

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