Evaluation of information in nanomaterial safety data sheets and development of international standard for guidance on preparation of nanomaterial safety data sheets

Lee, Ji Hyun,Kuk, Won Kwen,Kwon, Miran,Lee, Jong Han,Lee, Kwon Sub,Yu, Il Je Informa UK, Ltd. 2013 Nanotoxicology Vol.7 No.3

<P>Safety data sheets (SDSs) and labelling are the basic hazard communication tools for hazardous chemicals as regards their manufacture, storage, transport and other handling activities. Thus, in the context of the growing use of nanomaterials and nanomaterial-containing materials, this study evaluated the information provided in 97 nanomaterial-related SDSs according to the criteria set by the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) and found that most of the SDSs did not include sufficient information on the safety of nanomaterials, such as their toxicity and physicochemical properties. The reasons for this lack of information in the nanomaterial SDSs can mainly be attributed to (1) a lack of toxicity and physicochemical property information on nanomaterials, (2) unawareness of the effectiveness of conventional exposure controls, such as local exhaust ventilation and encapsulation, and personal protective equipment (PPE), in protecting against nanomaterial exposure, (3) a lack of information on emergency and firefighting measures and (4) a lack of knowledge on how existing regulations apply to nanomaterials. Therefore, to create a consistent standard for the information provided on safety, health and environmental matters for manufactured nanomaterial-containing products, guidance for the preparation of nanomaterial-specific SDSs, including both nanomaterials and mixtures of nanomaterials with conventional non-nanoscale materials, was recently initiated by the ISO TC 229. Their guidance, in the form of a technical report, recommends that nanomaterial-related SDSs should be prepared based on a precautionary approach in terms of the toxicity and other risks associated with the nanomaterial contents within the mixture in question. One of the key recommendations in the technical report is to include additional physicochemical properties, including the particle size (average and range), size distribution aggregation/agglomeration state, shape and aspect ratio, crystallinity, specific surface area, dispersibility and dustiness, which help to distinguish the characteristics of nanomaterials from those of non-nanoscale materials. The technical report also recommends the preparation of SDSs for all nanomaterials and mixtures that meet the GHS criteria for physical, health or environmental hazards, and for all mixtures containing nanomaterials that meet the criteria for carcinogenic, toxic to reproduction or specific target organ toxicity in concentrations exceeding the cut-off limits for an SDS specified by the criteria for mixtures. Finally, the technical report recommends that SDSs be prepared for all nanomaterials, unless there is evidence that they are not hazardous.</P>

In vitro에서 시스테인에 대한 흰쥐의 경피 흡수

오은하 ( Eun Ha Oh ),국원근 ( Won Kwen Kuk ),정덕채 ( Duck Chae Jung ) 한국유화학회 2008 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.25 No.2

에피클로로히드린(Epichlorohydrin)의 유해성평가와 작업환경 관리

김현영(Hyeon-Yeong Kim),원용림(Yong Lim Won),국원근(Won-Kwen Kuk) 한국환경독성학회 2012 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2012 No.5

Structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid (C6H5C2H4NH3)2ZnBr4

Young-Duk Huh,Ji Hyun Kim,Seok Soon Kweon,Won-Kwen Kuk,Cheong-Soo Hwang,June-Won Hyun,Yeong-Joon Kim,Younbong Park 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.2

The single crystal structure of the organicinorganic hybrid (C6H5C2H4NH 3)2ZnBr4 has been investigated. The crystal of(C6H5C2H4NH 3)2ZnBr4 belongs to the monoclinicP21/c space group, witha = 7.6700(12) A˚,b = 25.532(3) A˚,c= 11.1481(12) A˚,and b = 91.403(11).. The (C6H5C2H4NH 3)2ZnBr4 4 separated by bilayersof phenethyl ammonium cations.

Ammonium nitrate의 유해성과 작업환경 관리

김현영 ( Hyeon Yeong Kim ),황양인 ( Yang In Hwang ),국원근 ( Won Kwen Kuk ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is the work environment management method through risk assessment and investigation of the work place that deals with Ammonium nitrate, based on information in and outside the country. Methods: This study suggests method of work environment management through risk assessment and investigation of the work place that deals with Ammonium nitrate, and finds out cases of Ammonium nitrate causing hazard, danger and health risk, based on literature investigation. Results: Rats exposed repeatedly to LD50 2,217 mg/kg(rat), LC50 88.8 mg/L(rat, skin) which cause high level of skin irritation, reported 1 mg/m3 of NOAEL, while LOAEL was less than 100 mg/kg for the rats orally administered with the LD50 2,217 mg/kg(rat), LC50 88.8 mg/L(rat, skin), for 13 weeks, Domestically 31,640 ton/y of ammonium nitrate has been used in 22 workplace and the result of workplace assessment was 0.0171-0.9983 mg/m3, ADD was 8.77-59.63ug/kg-day according to the exposure scenario. In other words the result of the risk assessment goes beyond the ``standard 1``. Conclusions: Ammonium nitrate creates a high level of irritation and toxicity when coming in breathe it or contact with skin, and is classified as category3 of GHS and specific target organ toxicant (irritating respiratory system), Exposure level at work places needs to be maintained under 1 mg/m3, to prevent workers from being damaged.

Epichlorohydrin의 유해성과 작업환경 관리

김현영 ( Hyeon Yeong Kim ),황양인 ( Yang In Hwang ),국원근 ( Won Kwen Kuk ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives: Epichlorohydrin is a material that has been predicted to have high volatility and strong toxicity and is used normally in working area. Therefore, the hazardous and dangerous level and the foreign management system about epichlorohydrin should be invested at home and abroad and through hazard assessment for occupational environment measurement and exposure status of industrial workers in domestic working area. Methods: To assess risk and to suggest Development and Adoption to prevent health damage of workers owing to the epichlorohydrin exposure, the hazardousness and dangerousness of epichlorohydrin and its practical examples and regulation level for domestic and abroad health impairment are researched on the base of various references. Results: The epichlorohydrin caused skin and mucus membrane irritation, respiratory paralysis, kidney and live damage under the influence of acute toxicity and in animal study, it was confirmed as a doubtful carcinogenic substance to trigger reducement of sperm number and reproduction ability, abnormal spermatogenesis, mutagen, increase of forestomach epithelium and occurrence of papilloma and so on, as well as it induced stimulus asthma and allergic contact dermatitis for exposure workers. Conclusions: Epichlorohydrin was found to occur allergic contact dermatitis, carcinogenesis doubt and reproduction toxicity and was verified as a material which would be established reinforcement of management level to care health of handlers, such as denotement dangerousness of skin absorption.

유기-무기 복합소재로부터 CuO합성

허영덕,권석순,국원근,Huh Young-Duk,Kweon Seok-Soon,Kuk Won-Kwen 한국결정성장학회 2005 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.15 No.5

층상 구조의 유기-무기 복합 소재 $Cu_2(OH)_3(CH_3COO){\cdot}H_2O$를 전구체로 사용하여 CuO를 합성하였다. 외부의 다른 유기화합물 주형이 없이 단순한 $Cu_2(OH)_3(CH_3COO){\cdot}H_2O$의 열분해 방법을 사용하였다 이 방법은 저렴한 가격으로 단일 결정의 CuO 입자를 양산하는 방법을 제공한다 응집된 CuO 입자의 형태는 전구체의 구조에 크게 영향을 받는다. CuO has been synthesized using the layered organic-inorganic hybrids, $Cu_2(OH)_3(CH_3COO){\cdot}H_2O$ as precursor. The simple thermal decomposition of $Cu_2(OH)_3(CH_3COO){\cdot}H_2O$ is used without any external organic templates. This method provides large-scale production at a low cost of the single-crystalline CuO particles. The morphology of CuO aggregated particles is strongly dependent on structure of the precursor.

GHS 화학물질 분류기준과 분류결과의 비교 및 화학물질 정보자료의 활용방법 연구

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),임철홍 ( Cheol Hong Lim ),이종한 ( Jong Han Lee ),이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ),양정선 ( Jeong Sun Yang ),노영만 ( Young Man Roh ),국원근 ( Won Kwen Kuk ) 한국산업위생학회 2008 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The use of chemical products to enhance and improve life is a widespread practice worldwide. But alongside the benefits of these products, there is also the potential for adverse effects to people or the environment. As a result, a number of countries or organizations have developed laws or regulations over the years that require information to be prepared and transmitted to those using chemicals, through labels or Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). While these existing laws or regulations are similar in many respects, their differences are significant enough to result in different labels or MSDS for the same product in different countries. Given the reality of the extensive global trade in chemicals, and the need to develop national programs to ensure their safe use, transport, and disposal, it was recognized that a Globally harmonization system of classification and labeling of chemicals(GHS) would provide the foundation for such programs. This study offered complementary details of GHS classification criteria adopted in Korea by analyzing the differences in chemical classification system between UN and Korea Ministry of Labor. Also it is proposed that mutual agreement of information DB used is required by comparing classification results of chemicals in Korea, Japan, and EU. We offered the lists of information sources useful for chemical classification.