A study on the formation of ultra - thin NiSi₂ film and heteroepitaxial growth of epi - NiSi₂ / Si(111).

Sung Eun Boo,Sung Rak Hong,Jeong Dae Koh,Sang Shik Oh,Chi Kyu Choi,Jeong Yong Lee,Kun Ho Kim 한국진공학회 1993 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.- No.-

Package-level integrated antennas based on LTCC technology

Sang-Hyuk Wi,Yong-Bin Sun,In-Sang Song,Sung-Hoon Choa,Koh, I.-S.,Yong-Shik Lee,Jong-Gwan Yook IEEE 2006 IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation Vol.54 No.8

<P>We propose a novel package topology integrating multilayer miniaturized antennas. Such a functional package is suitable for the design of a system-on-chip device, or of system-on-package applications. A stacked patch antenna is designed and integrated in a package using a low temperature co-fired ceramic process. The overall size of the package is 10.3times10.3times1.3 mm<SUP>3</SUP>, and this package contains an 8.3times8.3times0.7 mm<SUP>3</SUP> internal space for the integration of chip-scale packaged components. The package is mounted on a 20times20 mm<SUP>2</SUP> ground plane to miniaturize the volume of the system. The antenna is designed to have two neighboring resonant frequencies at 5.264 and 5.355 GHz, resulting in a 140 MHz impedance bandwidth. However, the measured resonant frequencies occur at slightly higher frequencies due to manufacturing tolerances. Radiation patterns are similar to a conventional patch antenna. In addition, various parasitic effects rooted in the package size, ground size, antenna height, SMA connector, via misalignment, and the number of via holes and their locations are fully investigated</P>

변산지방의 적송집단에 관한 연구

홍성옥(Sung Ok Hong),고대식(Dae Shik Koh) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1978 농업생명과학연구 Vol.9 No.-

2차원 객체 영상의 3차원 모델링을 위한 손실 특징점 보정

고성식,Koh, Sung-shik 한국정보통신학회 2015 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.19 No.12

다수의 2차원 객체 영상으로부터 3차원 형상을 복원하는 방법은 컴퓨터 비젼 분야에서 널리 연구되고 있다. 복원된 3차원 형상의 정확도 개선을 위해서는 잡음 영향을 줄이거나 영상 프레임 수를 확보하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 그렇지만 특징점 추정 시 잡음은 잠재적으로 내포되고, 관측행렬을 구성하는 영상 프레임 수는 특징점 추적 실패, 장애요소 또는 낮은 해상력 등에 의해 일반적으로 감소하게 된다. 그래서 잠음 환경 하에 손실된 특징점을 보다 정확히 보정하여 사용 가능한 영상 프레임 수를 확보하는 것이 필수적이다. 따라서 우리는 잡음 분포 하에서 기하학적 특성을 이용해 손실 특징점의 오차 거리와 방향을 직접 제어할 수 있는 분석적 접근방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법의 우수성은 합성과 실제 객체에 대한 실험 결과를 통해서 검증한다. How to recover from the multiple 2D images into 3D object has been widely studied in the field of computer vision. In order to improve the accuracy of the recovered 3D shape, it is more important that noise must be minimized and the number of image frames must be guaranteed. However, potential noise is implied when tracking feature points. And the number of image frames which is consisted of an observation matrix usually decrease because of tracking failure, occlusions, or low image resolution, and so on. Therefore, it is obviously essential that the number of image frames must be secured by recovering the missing feature points under noise. Thus, we propose the analytic approach which can control directly the error distance and orientation of missing feature point by the geometrical properties under noise distribution. The superiority of proposed method is demonstrated through experimental results for synthetic and real object.

스테레오 2D 비디오 영상을 이용한 비정형 3D 형상 복원

고성식,Koh, Sung-shik 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2

움직임이 자연스러운 피사체는 대부분 형태가 불규칙하게 변형되는 비정형(non-rigid) 형상이고, 그 종류 또한 매우 다양하게 존재하다. 비정형 형상 복원에 관한 기술은 영화나 게임 산업에서 최근 폭넓게 적용되고 있다. 그렇지만, 현실적인 접근 방법은 움직이는 피사체에 많은 비콘 장치를 부착해야한다. 이러한 제약사항을 극복하기 위해, 비콘장치가 없는 입력 비디오 영상으로부터 비정형 형상을 복원하는 연구가 멀티미디어 응용 분야에서 광범위하게 진행되고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 논문은 비정형 3D 형상을 복원할 수 있는 새로운 CPSRF(Chained Partial Stereo Rigid Factorization) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 방법은 스테레오 2D 비디오 영상으로부터 비정형 3D 형상을 프레임 별로 실시간 복원하는데 포커스 한다. 또한 시변 형상 변형은 가우시한 분포를 따라야 하는 제한을 두지 않는다. 실험결과에서는 제안한 CPSRF 방법의 복원 성능이 불규칙한 형상 변형을 고려하지 않은 기존 방법 보다 우수함을 확인한다. The natural moving objects are the most non-rigid shapes with randomly time-varying deformation, and its types also very diverse. Methods of non-rigid shape reconstruction have widely applied in field of movie or game industry in recent years. However, a realistic approach requires moving object to stick many beacon sets. To resolve this drawback, non-rigid shape reconstruction researches from input video without beacon sets are investigated in multimedia application fields. In this regard, our paper propose novel CPSRF(Chained Partial Stereo Rigid Factorization) algorithm that can reconstruct a non-rigid 3D shape. Our method is focused on the real-time reconstruction of non-rigid 3D shape and motion from stereo 2D video sequences per frame. And we do not constrain that the deformation of the time-varying non-rigid shape is limited by a Gaussian distribution. The experimental results show that the 3D reconstruction performance of the proposed CPSRF method is superior to that of the previous method which does not consider the random deformation of shape.

Scavenging Effect of Bee Venom for Acua-acupuncture against Nitric Oxide

Han, Sang Won,Seo, Jung Chul,Koh, Hyung Kyun,Kim, Ee Hwa,Chung, Joo Ho,Kim, Chang Ju,Leem, Kang Hyun,Yoo, Yeong Min,Yin, Chang Shik 대한침구학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.6

목적 : 본 연구는 최근 임상에서 많이 사용하는 봉독약침액의 nitric oxide (NO)에 대한 소거효과를 분석하기 위하여 실행되었다. 방법 : 양성대조군으로 비타민과 실험군으로 국산 봉독과 미국산 봉독에 NO를 분비하는 S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillarnine (SNAP)을 투여한 후 NO의 농도를 540 nm 파장의 자외선 흡수량을 측정하여 평가하였다. 결과 : 국산 봉독은 100㎍/㎖에서 SNAP 처리 1.5, 3, 6 및 12시간에 대조군 (100%)과 비교하여 각각 86.7±1.5, 103.8±1.9, 88.3±2.9 및 85.6±3.2%의 잔류 NO 농도를 보였고, 1.5, 6 및 12시간에서 유의한 NO 소거 효과를 나타냈다. 미국산 봉독에서는 각각 74.0±2.2, 66.5±10.9, 86.1±2.8 및 59.1±3.8%로 모든 시간에서 유의한 결과를 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 봉독의 NO 소거효과는 봉독 약침액이 임상에서 동통, 종창, 등에 치료에 사용하는 작용기전의 하나로 사료된다.

자동화 공정 시스템에서 폰 카메라 모듈의 메카적 비네팅 개선 방법

고성식(Sung-shik Koh) 대한전자공학회 2018 전자공학회논문지 Vol.55 No.11

최근 모바일 기기의 소형화 및 슬림화의 요구에 따라 폰 카메라에 내장된 영상 센서와 렌즈 모듈의 크기가 축소되면서 광학성능을 저해하는 이슈가 발생되고 있다. 특히, 소형 폰 카메라 모듈은 렌즈의 민감도가 크기 때문에 제조상의 작은 오차로 인해 의도하지 않게 물리적으로 빛이 차단되는 메카적 비네팅 문제가 발생된다. 이러한 모듈은 상가림에 의해 영상 정보가 손실되어서 렌즈 쉐이딩 조정 단계에서 불량처리 된다. 그래서 대량 생산 자동화 공정 시스템에서 메카적 베네팅 이슈는 결국 생산 수율 저하 및 제조비용 상승의 원인이 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 부가적인 제조비용 없이 불량 폰 카메라 모듈의 광학성능을 확보할 수 있는 새로운 기술을 제안한다. 구체적인 제안 방법은 상가림 주위의 밝기 정보를 이용해 새로운 가상광축을 정의하고, 그 가상광축 중심과 센서 유효화소 영역의 중심을 일치시켜 메카적 비네팅을 개선함으로서 렌즈의 광학성능을 최적화하는 기술이다. 평가결과 렌즈 쉐이딩 벨런스의 비대칭적인 조건에서도 우리는 제안한 방법에 의해 주변부 영상 신호를 확보할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 이와 같이 제조편차의 감소 효과로 인해서, 우리는 제안한 방법이 자동 공정 시스템에서 생산성 향상과 제조관리 비용 감소의 장점을 가질 수 있음을 확인하였다. In recent years, due to the demand for miniaturization and slimness of a mobile device, the size of the image sensor and the lens module built in the phone camera have been reduced, and at the same time, issues of hindering optical performance have been generated. Particularly, since the small-sized phone camera module has a high sensitivity of the lens, there is a mechanical-vignetting problem in which light is unintentionally physically blocked due to a small error in manufacture. These modules are processed as defects in the lens shading adjustment step because image information is lost due to light blocking. So, the issue of mechanical-vignetting in the mass production automation process system eventually leads to lower production yield and higher manufacturing costs. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new technology to secure the optical performance of the defective phone camera module without additional manufacturing cost. The proposed method is a technique to optimize the optical power of a lens by defining a new virtual optical axis using the luminance information around the light blocking and then improving the mechanical-vignetting by matching the center of the virtual optical axis and the center of the sensor effective pixel region. As a result of the evaluation, we confirmed that even under the asymmetrical condition of the lens shading balance, we can secure the image corner by our method. In addition, due to the reduction effect of the manufacturing variation, we confirmed that the proposed method has the advantages of productivity improvement and manufacturing management cost reduction in the automatic process system.

배양된 정상 갑상선세포에서 LECTIN 에 의한 HLA - DR 항원 발현에 관한 연구

박성기(Sung Ki Park),이명식(Myung Shik Lee),조보연(Bo Youn Cho),고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이문호(Mun Ho Lee),차창룡(Chang Young Cha),황응수(Eung Soo Hwang),오승근(Seung Keun Oh) 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.35 No.5

N/A Although it has been suggested that HLA-DR Ag expression in thyrocytes by nonspecific immune stimuli such as lectin may play an important pathogenetic role in autoimmune thyroid diseases, its precise mechanism has not been established. The purpose of this study is to investigate a part of the mechanism and features of lectin-induced expression of HLA-DR antigenicity in cultured normal thyrocytes. By an indirect immunofluorescence method using monoclonal anti-HLA-DR Ab, this study was performed to assess the effects of various lectins, as well as the effects of culture duration, cyclosporine, prostaglandin E₂, and gamma-interferon on HLA-DR Ag expression in cultured normal thyrocytes, and also to compare cytoplasmic and surface expression of HLA-DR Ag. The results were summarized as follows: 1) In 5 separate experiments with normal thyrocytes cultured with 10 mg/ml leucoagglutinin, HLA-DR Ag was detected on the 2nd day of culture. The expression rate increased to a maximum on the 7th to 9th day of culture and decreased thereafter. 2) The positivity of HLA-DR Ag expression by T-cell specific mitogenic lectins was 60% in the cultured cells with 2 mg/ml phytohemagglutinin, 60% in those with 10 mg/ml concanavalin A, and 50% in those with 10 mg/ml leucoagglutinin on the 7th day of culture, There were no significant changes of HLA-DR Ag expression in higher concentrations. HLA-DR Ag was expressed in 40% of cultured thyrocytes with 100 mg/ml pokeweed mitogen but HLA- DR Ag expression was not induced by lipopolysaccharide, which is not a T-cell mitogenic lectin. 3) Leucoagglutinin-induced expression of HLA-DR Ag was reduced by cyclosporine which suppresses secretion of lymphokines from T-lymphocyte, but not by prostaglandin E₂, which suppresses HLA-DR Ag expression in macrophages. 4) Gamma-interferon-induced expression of HLA-DR Ag was not reduced by cyclosporine. 5) HLA-DR Ag expression was not induced by hormones such as TSH, insulin and hydrocortisone. 6) In normal thyrocytes cultured with concanavalin A or leucoagglutinin, the HLA-DR Ag expression rates in the cytoplasm and cell surface were nearly similar. These results, that HLA-DR Ag expression was induced by T-cell mitogenic lectin but suppressed by cyclosporine (inhibitor of gamma-interferon synthesis in T-lymphocyte) and that the expression rates in the cytoplasm and cell surface were nearly similar suggest that the T-lymphocyte is involved in lectin-induced expression of I-ILA-DR Ag in cultured normal thyrocytes and that HLA-DR Ag is produced in the cytoplasm of thyrocytes.

3차원 형상 복원을 위한 재귀적 오차 성분 보정 방법

고성식,Koh, Sung-shik 한국정보통신학회 2017 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.21 No.10

본 연구는 행렬인수분해 기반으로 3차원 형상의 복원을 위한 오차 보정에 관한 것입니다. 기존 행렬인수분해 기반 오차 보정 방법은 전역적인 최적화로 인해 보정에 한계가 있습니다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전역적 접근 대신 3차원 복원 형상의 주요 오차 영향 인자를 찾아 보정하는 새로운 방법을 제시하였습니다. 우리는 오차 영향 인자를 2차원 재 투영 편차 공간에서 정의하고 그 오차 성분을 직접 보정합니다. 그리고 일련의 과정을 재귀적으로 반복 적용함으로서 오차 보정 성능을 개선시킬 수 있습니다. 이러한 접근 방법은 어떤 기하학적 정보에 의존하지 않고 영향도가 가장 큰 오차 성분 중심으로 제어하기 때문에 잡음에 장점을 가지고 있습니다. 제안한 알고리즘 성능 평가는 합성과 실제 영상 프레임으로 시뮬레이션하여 잡음에 강인한 특성을 증명했습니다. This paper is a study on error correction for three-dimensional shape reconstruction based on factorization method. The existing error correction method based on factorization has a limitation of correction because it is optimized globally. Thus in this paper, we propose our new method which can find and correct the only major error influence factor toward three-dimensional reconstructed shape instead of global approach. We define the error-influenced factor in two-dimensional re-projection deviation space and directly control the error components. In addition, it is possible to improve the error correcting performance by recursively applying the above process. This approach has an advantage under noise because it controls the major error components without depending on any geometric information. The performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation with synthetic and real image sequence to demonstrate noise robustness.

Impact of the Korean Diagnosis-Related Groups payment system on the outcomes of adenotonsillectomy: A single center experience

Kwak, Sang Hyun,Kim, Ji Hoon,Kim, Da Hee,Kim, Jung Min,Byeon, Hyung Kwon,Kim, Won Shik,Koh, Yoon Woo,Kim, Se-Heon,Choi, Eun Chang Elsevier 2018 Auris, nasus, larynx Vol.45 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>To report outcomes with regard to clinical aspects and medical costs of adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy at a single institution before and after implementation of the Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) payment system in Korea.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients treated with adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy between July 2012 and June 2014. The Korean DRG payment system was applied to seven groups of specific diseases and surgeries including adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy from July 2013 at all hospitals in Korea. We divided patients into four groups according whether the fee-for-service (FFS) or DRG payment system was implemented and operation type (FFS-adenotonsillectomy (AT), DRG-AT, FFS-tonsillectomy (T), and DRG-T).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 1402 patients were included (485 FFS-AT, 490 DRG-AT, 203 FFS-T, and 223 DRG-T). The total medical cost of the DRG-AT group was significantly lower than that of the FFS-AT group (1191±404 vs. 1110±279 USD, <I>P </I><0.05). There were no significant differences in length of hospital stay or postoperative complications among groups.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The Korean DRG system for adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy reduced medical costs and clinical outcomes were not significantly altered by the adoption of the DRG system.</P> <P><B>Level of evidence</B></P> <P>4.</P>