Rutile 단결정에서 산소의 확산과 점결합

김명호 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1991 産技硏論文集 Vol.5 No.-

By means of the secondary ion mass spectrometer, the tracer diffusion of oxygen in rutile single crystal was measured as function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The tracer diffusivity was determined from the depth profile of ??O. The Po₂ dependences of D?? suggest that the dominant defects in TiO??? are oxygen vacancy(Vo??) and interstitial titanium ion(Ti?i???). The doubly ionized oxygen vacancy are prominent at low temperature and Po₂. However, the tetravalent interstitial titanium ions predominate at temperatures above 1200℃.

영어발화에서 기능어의 음운과정

김명호 慶南大學校 人文科學硏究所 2002 人文論叢 Vol.15 No.-

Some of the variation that exists in language is due differences in the situations and purposes of its use and to the fact that commonly used words are likely to be pronounced differently depending on their positions within utterances. The most commonly used words in English are the so-called function words. They show variations that may be regarded as the result of phonological processes, changes which operate on the full forms of these words to produced reduced forms. The processes include vowel reduction, vowel loss, consonant loss, and assimilation. Some nonlexical items are more likely to receive prominence than others. Where a modal occurs in a string, it is very likely to receive prominence before any of the other nonlexical items in the same string; where a pronoun occurs and where it is not items, and so on. In He must have been at home, it seems clear that the modal, must and the last auxiliary, been will receive a rhythmic beat. Modals, in fact, wherever they occur, seem very likely to receive prominence.

개질 아스팔트 결합재의 특성 연구

김광우,안경애,이명호,최영규 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구에서는 SBS, SBR, LDPE 및 LLDPE 등의 폴리머 재료를 사용하여 국내에 가장 많이 사용되는 아스팔트를 개질 하여 그 특성을 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 4종류의 폴리머류 아스팔트 개질재는 160℃로 가열하며 AP-3 아스팔트에 혼합시 큰 어려움 없이 혼합되었다. 비교적 높은 온도인 35℃에서 개질 아스팔트는 일반 아스팔트 보다 침입도가 낮아 온도 민감성이 비교적 적은 것으로 나타났다. 개질 아스팔트를 HP-GPC로 분석한 결과 SBS, SBR의 분자는 매우 커서 아스팔트와 분리되어 나타났으며 LDPE와 LLDPE는 filter에 걸러져 나타나지 않았다. 또한 160℃에서 24시간 인공노화 후 HP-GPC 분석결과 LDPE가 노화에 대한 저항이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고 SBS와 SBR 등은 상대적으로 노화가 많이 이루어짐을 알 수 있다. 인장강도는 LDPE 개질 아스팔트 혼합물이 가장 높아 일반아스팔트 혼합물에 비하여 40% 이상 강하게 나타났으며 탄성계수는 3.6배 이상 높게 나타났다. 따라서 이제까지의 연구결과 LDPE가 가장 개질 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 실용화를 위해서는 향후 보다 깊은 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다. In this study, SBS, SBR, LDPE and LLDPE were used to make polymer modified asphalts (PMA) by mixing with the conventional asphalt cement (AP-3) which is most widely used in Korea. These polymeric materials were mixed well in the asphalt by stirring at 160℃ for 30 min. Since the PMAs had low penetration values, temperature susceptibility of the PMA was relatively lower than conventional asphalt. HP-GPC result showed that SBR and SBS appeared at void volume due to the molecules were out of column's effective ranges. While, LDPE and LLDPE did not appeared in GPC profile because it was assumed that the particles were collected by syringe filler before injection. Artificial aging results at 160℃ for 24 hours showed that the LDPE modified asphalt was the least aged one compared with others. LDPE PMA mixture also showed the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus. It was 40% higher in tensile strength and 3.6 times higher in elastic modulus compared with conventional asphalt mixture. Therefore, LDPE was found to be the most effective polymer materials for modifying asphalt cement in this study. However, further studies are needed in content, performance and field evaluation, etc. for practical application.

제브라피쉬에서 장신경계에 의한 장운동 조절

이명호,문현이,권영숙,맹학영,김철희 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2011 생물공학연구지 Vol.17 No.-

영어 억양의 정보기능

김명호 경남대학교 인문과학연구소 2000 人文論叢 Vol.13 No.-

International function is not fully distinctive in the classical sense, but it is potentially of such far-reaching import that students of language can hardly afford to ignore it. In instances when a given type of meaning is not conveyed by other linguistic means, intonation is left carrying the load. Its function in shaping speaker meaning is undeniable. If we were to list the functions which intonation is claimed to fulfill with respect to information structure, the list would include the following: (1) tone-units realize units of information ; (2) the nucleus signals the presence of information focus: (3) high vs. low pitch marks new vs. given; extra pitch height, steep slope and accompanying low level deaccented syllables mark contrastive information : (4) the position of the nucleus realizes unmarked vs. marked focus.

음절강세시의 유형과 자질 분석

김명호 현대영미어문학회 2001 현대영미어문학 Vol.19 No.1

The beginning and ending of lines are significant in syllable-stress verse, as they determine the type of meter. The most important duple meters are as follows: heptasyllabic meter, iambic meter and trochaic meter. The following variations of the basic alternation of stressed beats and single unstressed offbeats are possible: Demotion and promotion function as in stress verse(∠ / ∠, and / ∠ at the beginning of the line in iambic verse; x x x, x x at the end of the line in iambic verse and, x x at the beginning of the line in trochaic verse). Inversion occurs when the stressing of a pair of syllables is reversed. Falling inversion is especially common at the beginning of the line, where it is called initial inversion and always produces the rhythmic figure ∠ x x ∠. In rising inversion, a double offbeat is followed by two stressed beats, usually not separated by a virtual offbeat. It is least disruptive when the first beat is weaker than the second. Demotion in the double offbeatsO produced by inversion occurs most commonly on the second offbeat syllable of a falling inversion with a virtual offbeat, producing the rhythmic figure ∠ x / ∠, Free double offbeats, which add a syllable to the line, occur in looser styles of syllable-stress meter, often at break within the line. Elision is often used to avoid a double offbeat, by (1) slurring two vowels, (2) pronouncing a vowel as semivowel, or (3) dropping a vowel before a consonant. Triple verse in syllable-stress meter is not clearly distinguishable from triple verse in stress meter; it is almost always in four-beat verse, and may begin and end on a beat, a single offbeat, or a double offbeat.

글리코 써머얼 법에 의한 나노 산화아연 분말 합성 및 특성

김정원,김선욱,김명호,배동식 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

ZnO nanoparticles were prepared under glycothermal condition by precipitation from metal nitrates with aqueou ammonium hydroxide. The nanoparticles were obtained at temperatures between 230 and 250℃. The microstructure and phase of the Synthesized particles were studied by SEM(FE-SEM) and XRD. The properties of the ZnO powder were studied as a function of various processing parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time and solute concentration. The average particle sizes of the ZnO increased with increasing reaction temperature. The average sizes of the systhesized ZnO nanoparticles which prepared at 230℃ for 4 h were about 20-30 nm.

영어 억양의 본질

김명호 경남대학교 인문과학연구소 1999 人文論叢 Vol.12 No.-

The term 'intonation' has a variety of denotations ranging in scope from the very broad to the narrow. This paper adopted one of the definitions: intonation is restricted to the non-lexical manifestation of melody in speech There are three different levels at which intonation can be analyzed: a concrete, acoustic level, a phonetic level, and a abstract, phonological level. American structuralist tradition viewed the intonation as segmentable into a sequence of distinctive pitch levels, each level representing a pitch phenome. Four levels are postulated in order to describe the significant intonation contrasts of English. In contreast, the British tradition fully acknowledges the interrelatedness of stress and pitch in intonation. The second and third trends in the British approaches to intonation are associated with tune analysis and tone-tune analysis. Just as approaches to intonation vary, so do the views of what the basic structural unit of intonation is and how it should be defined. Three attempts were made on the basis of physiological accounts, semantic/grammatical accounts, and phonetic/phonological accounts. The lack of concensus on what constitutes the basic unit of intonation has led to a plethora of competing terms: breath group, phonemic clause, tone group, tone unit, tune, intonation group, intonation contour, intonation chunk, etc. Whether any or all of these refer to the same thing, however, is a matter for careful consideration. Depending on what defining criteria are set forth, quite different units may result. In particular, semantically or grammatically based definitionsoftern yield different results from phonetic/phonological ones. Whether breath-group correspond fully to the nuclear-tone based definition is also an open question.

비양론성 TiO₂-x에서 전기전도도와 결함 형태

김명호,강상수,백운규 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1996 産技硏論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The defect model of nonstoichiometric rutile ( TiO₂-x ) has been studied by means of the electrical conductivity measurement as function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure(Po₂). The Po₂dependence of σindicates that the major defects in rutile are doubly charged oxygen vacancies and tetravalent charged interstitial titanium ions. The interstitial titanium Ti ??'''' prevails at temperatures above 1170˚C. But the doubly charged oxygen vacancy Vo " predominates at low Po₂and temperature under 1170˚C. The proposed defect model in rutile is consistent with our previous result which was investigated by the O?? tracer diffusion.

강세시의 율격구성소 분석

김명호 현대영미어문학회 1999 현대영미어문학 Vol.17 No.1

Much popular verse is in stress meter which is invariably based on a four-beat rhythm. The main components of stress verse are as follows: (a) Except as noted in (c) below, all stressed syllables are experienced as beats. Syllables with secondary stress may also be experienced as beats. (b) Except as noted in (d) below, all unstressed syllables are experienced as offbeats, either single offbeats or double offbeats. Syllables with secondary stress may also be experienced as offbeats. Occasionally, an offbeat may be experienced between two successive beats. (c) A stressed syllable can function as a single offbeat or part of a double offbeat between stressed beats. Demotion occurs most easily when the stress in question is subordinated to the stress before or after it in the line. (d) An unstressed syllable can be promoted, i.e. experienced as a beat, when it occurs between two unstressed syllable, at the beginning of the line before an unstressed syllable, or at the end of the line after an unstressed syllable. Stress verse may be scanned by double-line scanion or single-line scanion. The single line scansion gives all the necessary information above the line of verse. The double-line scansion shows the relevant linguistic features of the verse on a line above it, and the metrical structure on a line below it. These convey the same information, and each can be converted to the other. In both kinds of scansion a clear distinctinction is made between stresses and beats.